CN108585796A - 一种引入碳化硅基合成料改善超低碳镁碳材料抗渣性的方法 - Google Patents
一种引入碳化硅基合成料改善超低碳镁碳材料抗渣性的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种引入碳化硅基合成料改善超低碳镁碳材料抗渣性的方法,属于钢铁冶金用耐火材料制备技术领域。本发明将SiO2基天然矿物或废渣与碳源充分混匀后,置于高温炉中,在惰性气氛下制备SiC基合成料;然后按照一定的配比,将SiC基合成料添加到超低碳镁材料原料中充分混合,经成型、干燥、高温热处理后,得到碳化硅基合成料改善的超低碳镁碳材料;最后,采用静态坩埚法进行抗渣性实验。该方法在降低MgO‑C材料碳含量的前提下,改善了其抗渣性,达到了炼钢和连铸工艺对相关耐火材料部件的质量要求。工艺简便易行,原料廉价易得,易于实现大批量生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于钢铁冶金用耐火材料制备技术领域,涉及一种高性能超低碳MgO-C耐火材料的制备方法,具体是指一种引入碳化硅基合成料改善超低碳镁碳材料抗渣性。
背景技术
镁碳材料因具有良好的抗热震性、抗渣侵蚀性等特点,普遍应用于转炉、电炉和精炼炉内衬以及钢包渣线等部位。然而,钢包MgO-C耐火材料碳含量(质量分数)一般在15%左右,在浇铸过程中会出现热传导快、热量损失、释放温室气体等严重问题,因此开发和研究低碳镁碳材料在生态环境和超低碳钢材生产方面尤为重要。
为了降低碳对钢水的污染,提高钢材质量,在钢铁冶金行业,应选用C含量≤8%的低碳MgO-C材料,甚至是C含量≤4%的超低碳MgO-C材料。而超低碳/低碳MgO-C材料因石墨含量的减少,导致耐火材料制品的抗热震性和抗渣侵蚀性下降。因此,降低MgO-C耐火材料含碳量的同时,增强耐火材料的抗渣侵蚀性和抗热震性对于炼钢连铸过程尤为重要。
SiC具有良好的耐高温性能,由SiO2基天然矿物或废渣制备的SiC基复合微粉,添加到超低碳镁碳材料中,可有效地提高超低碳镁碳材料的抗渣侵蚀性和抗热震性。
发明内容
在降低MgO-C耐火材料含碳量的前提下,改善耐火材料的抗渣侵蚀性,本发明提出了一种引入SiC基合成料改善超低碳镁碳材料抗渣性的方法。
本发明先将SiO2基天然矿物或废渣、碳源充分混匀后,置于高温炉中,在惰性气氛下制备SiC基合成料;然后按照一定的配比,将SiC基合成料与电熔镁砂细粉充分混匀,按照镁碳耐火制品的生产方法,经成型、干燥、高温热处理后,得到抗渣性良好的SiC基合成料改善的超低碳镁碳材料。
一种引进碳化硅基合成料改善超低碳镁碳材料抗渣性的方法,按以下步骤进行:
步骤1:SiC基合成料的制备
(1)将SiO2基天然矿物或废渣与碳源充分混匀;SiO2基天然矿物或废渣与碳源的质量配比,应根据原料的纯度和碳热还原反应需要的碳量计算,为促进碳热还原反应充分进行,通常加入过量的碳源。
(2)将混匀后的原料放入高温炉内,通过碳热还原反应,在惰性气氛下制备SiC基合成料。
(3)SiC基合成料随炉冷却后,于700℃空气条件下保温2h,以去除多余的碳源;
步骤2:SiC基合成料改善的超低碳镁碳坩埚的制备
(1)将电熔镁砂、天然石墨、SiC基合成料、酚醛树脂按照(92%~95%):(1%~2%):(3%~7%):1%的配比混合均匀;
(2)将混匀后的原料压制成坩埚;
(3)将坩埚于120℃充分干燥后,于1300~1600℃惰性或还原气氛下热处理2~8h。
步骤3:SiC基合成料改善的超低碳镁碳材料抗渣性的测试
(1)将1kg炉渣置于SiC基合成料改善的超低碳镁碳坩埚中;
(2)将坩埚置于1500~1600℃惰性气氛下的高温炉中热处理2~8h;
(3)坩埚随炉自然冷却置室温,将坩埚沿直径方向纵向切开,观察炉渣与坩埚内壁反应情况,分析炉渣渗透层的微观结构与炉渣组成。
所述的步骤1(1)中,所述的SiO2基天然矿物或废渣为叶蜡石、粘土、红柱石、硅线石、蓝晶石、锆英石和粉煤灰中的一种;
所述的步骤1(1)中,所述的碳源为石墨粉、活性炭和炭黑中的一种;
所述的高温炉为可通保护气体的箱式电阻炉、管式电阻炉和隧道窑中的一种;
所述的步骤1(2)中,所述的碳热还原反应过程,需要通入Ar、N2保护气,其流量为1.0~3.0L·min-1;
所述的步骤1(2)中,所述的高温炉中碳热还原反应合成温度为1500~1800℃,保温时间为4~10h;
所述的步骤1(3)中,所述的高温炉为箱式电阻炉、管式电阻炉或隧道窑中的一种;
所述的步骤2(1)中,添加剂SiC基合成料为SiC-Al2O3、SiC-ZrO2、SiC-ZrC中的一种,其添加的质量分数为3%~7%;
所述的步骤2(1)中,所述的天然石墨的质量分数为1%~2%,电熔镁砂的质量分数为92%~95%,酚醛树脂的质量分数(外加)为1%。
所述的步骤2(2)中,所述压制坩埚的压力为150~250MPa;
所述的步骤3(1)中,所述的炉渣成分(质量分数):40%CaO,40%SiO2,10%Na2O,4%MgO,2%Fe2O3和4%Al2O3;
所述的炉渣渗透层的微观结构通过金相显微镜分析;
所述的炉渣渗透层内的炉渣组成和SiC基合成料的组成通过X射线衍射分析;
本发明的一种引入碳化硅基合成料改善超低碳镁碳材料抗渣性的方法,降低了MgO-C耐火材料的含碳量,改善了耐火材料的抗渣侵蚀性,达到了炼钢和连铸工艺对相关耐火材料部件的质量要求。以SiO2基天然矿物或废渣(叶蜡石、粘土、红柱石、硅线石、蓝晶石、锆英石、粉煤灰)和碳源(活性炭、炭黑和石墨粉)为主要原料,利用碳热还原法制备SiC基合成料,进而生产抗渣性良好的超低碳镁碳材料,工艺简便易行,利于大批量生产。
附图说明
图1是本发明的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
以下实施例中,一种引入碳化硅基合成料改善超低碳镁碳材料抗渣性的方法的工艺流程图如图1所示。
实施例1
一种引入碳化硅基合成料改善超低碳镁碳材料抗渣性的方法,按以下步骤进行:
步骤1:SiC-Al2O3复合微粉的合成
(1)将粘土、石墨粉按照1000:200的质量比称量,并进行搅拌混匀;
(2)将混匀后的原料放入高温炉中,于1550℃保温4h、氩气下进行碳热还原反应,合成SiC-Al2O3复合微粉。
(3)将SiC-Al2O3复合微粉于700℃空气条件下保温2h,以去除多余的碳;
步骤2:SiC-Al2O3改善的超低碳镁碳坩埚的制备
(1)将电熔镁砂、天然石墨、SiC-Al2O3复合微粉按照930:20:50的质量比称料,外加上述原料1%(质量分数)的液体酚醛树脂,并搅拌混合均匀;
(2)将混匀后的原料压制成坩埚;
(3)将坩埚于120℃充分干燥后,于1400℃氩气气氛下热处理2h。
步骤3:SiC-Al2O3复合微粉改善的超低碳镁碳材料抗渣性的测试
(1)将1kg炉渣置于SiC-Al2O3改善后的超低碳镁碳坩埚中;
(2)将坩埚置于1500℃氩气气氛下热处理3h;
(3)坩埚随炉自然冷却置室温,将坩埚沿直径方向纵向切开,观察炉渣与坩埚内壁反应情况,分析炉渣渗透层的微观结构与炉渣组成。
经检测,所得复合微粉的主要晶相为石墨、方石英(SiO2)和莫来石(Al6Si2O13),同时有少量的α-Al2O3生成,仅有少量的β-SiC,说明碳热还原反应不充分。将其添加到超低碳镁碳材料中,发现所制耐火制品的抗渣性较差。
实施例2
一种引入碳化硅基合成料改善超低碳镁碳材料抗渣性的方法,同实施例1,不同之处在于,制备SiC-Al2O3复合微粉的温度为1700℃。
经检测,所得的SiC-Al2O3复合微粉的主要晶相是β-SiC和α-Al2O3;微粉颗粒尺寸为1~2μm;炉渣与坩埚内壁表面比较光滑,覆有一层很薄的渣层;炉渣渗透层中含有MgAl2O4和β-SiC;炉渣中含有β-SiC与α-Al2O3颗粒,增加了炉渣的表观粘度,延缓了炉渣对超低碳镁碳材料的侵蚀。
实施例3
一种引入碳化硅基合成料改善超低碳镁碳材料抗渣性的方法,同实施例1,不同之处在于:制备SiC基合成料的原料是粉煤灰和活性炭,其质量配比为1000:450。
经检测,所得的SiC-Al2O3复合微粉的主要晶相是β-SiC、α-Al2O3、Al6Si2O13,还含有少量的SiO2和FeSi;晶粒均匀性稍差,晶粒多以片状存在,平均粒径为1~2μm;炉渣与坩埚内壁表面比较光滑,覆有一层很薄的渣层;炉渣渗透层中含有MgAl2O4;炉渣中含有α-Al2O3颗粒,增加了炉渣的表观粘度,一定程度上延缓了炉渣对超低碳镁碳材料的侵蚀。
实施例4
一种引入碳化硅基合成料改善超低碳镁碳材料抗渣性的方法,同实施例1,不同之处在于:
(1)合成料为SiC-ZrO2复合微粉;
(2)制备SiC基合成料的原料是锆英石(ZrSiO4)和炭黑,其质量配比为1000:200。
经检测,所得的SiC-ZrO2复合微粉的主要晶相是β-SiC、m-ZrO2和ZrSiO4,晶粒多以类球状存在,平均粒径约为1μm;炉渣与坩埚内壁表面比较光滑,覆有一层很薄的渣层;炉渣渗透层中含有CaZrO3和β-SiC;炉渣中含有β-SiC与c-ZrO2颗粒,增加了炉渣的表观粘度,延缓了炉渣对超低碳镁碳材料的侵蚀。
实施例5
一种引入碳化硅基合成料改善超低碳镁碳材料抗渣性的方法,同实施例1,不同之处在于:
(1)合成料为SiC-ZrC复合微粉;
(2)合成温度为1700℃;
(3)制备SiC基合成料的原料是锆英石和活性炭,其质量配比为1000:550。
经检测,所得的SiC-ZrC复合微粉的主要晶相是β-SiC和ZrC,微粉颗粒尺寸约为1μm;炉渣与坩埚内壁表面比较光滑,覆有一层很薄的渣层;炉渣渗透层中含有CaZrO3和β-SiC;炉渣中含有β-SiC与c-ZrO2颗粒,增加了炉渣的表观粘度,延缓了炉渣对超低碳镁碳材料的侵蚀。
Claims (10)
1.一种引进碳化硅基合成料改善超低碳镁碳材料抗渣性的方法,其特征在于,按以下步骤进行:
步骤1:SiC基复合微粉的合成
(1)将SiO2基天然矿物或废渣、碳源充分混匀;
(2)将混匀后的原料放入高温炉内充分进行碳热还原反应,在惰性气氛下制备SiC基合成料;
(3)SiC基合成料于700℃空气条件下保温2h,去除多余的碳。
步骤2:SiC基合成料改善的超低碳镁碳坩埚的制备
(1)将电熔镁砂、天然石墨、SiC基合成料按照(92%~95%):(1%~2%):(3%~7%)配比混合均匀;
(2)将混匀后的原料压制成坩埚;
(3)坩埚于120℃下充分干燥后,于1300~1600℃惰性或还原气氛下热处理2~8h。
步骤3:SiC基合成料改善的超低碳镁碳材料抗渣性的测试
(1)将1kg炉渣置于热处理且改善后的超低碳镁碳坩埚中;
(2)将坩埚置于高温炉中,在1500~1600℃、惰性气氛下保温2~8h,进行侵蚀实验;
(3)坩埚随炉自然冷却置室温,将坩埚沿直径方向纵向切开,观察炉渣与坩埚内壁反应情况,分析炉渣渗透层的微观结构与炉渣组成。
2.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤1(1)中,所述的SiO2基天然矿物或废渣为叶蜡石、粘土、红柱石、硅线石、蓝晶石、粉煤灰和锆英石中的一种。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤1(1)中,所述的碳源为天然石墨、活性炭和炭黑中的一种。
4.如权利要求1或者2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的高温炉为可通保护气体的箱式电阻炉、管式电阻炉和隧道窑中的一种。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤1(2)中,所述的碳热还原反应过程,需要通入Ar、N2保护气,其流量为1.0~3.0L·min-1。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤1(2)中,所述的高温炉中碳热还原反应合成温度为1500~1800℃,保温时间为4~10h。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤2(1)中,添加剂SiC基合成料为SiC-Al2O3、SiC-ZrO2、SiC-ZrC中的一种,其质量分数为3%~7%。
8.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤2(1)中,所述的天然石墨的质量分数1%~2%,电熔镁砂的质量分数为92%~95%,酚醛树脂的质量分数(外加)为1%。
9.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤2(2)中,所述压制坩埚的压力为150~250MPa。
10.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤3(1)中,所述的炉渣成分(质量分数):40%CaO,40%SiO2,10%Na2O,4%MgO,2%Fe2O3和4%Al2O3。
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