CN103235460A - 一种显示装置及其制造方法 - Google Patents

一种显示装置及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103235460A
CN103235460A CN2013101194955A CN201310119495A CN103235460A CN 103235460 A CN103235460 A CN 103235460A CN 2013101194955 A CN2013101194955 A CN 2013101194955A CN 201310119495 A CN201310119495 A CN 201310119495A CN 103235460 A CN103235460 A CN 103235460A
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China
Prior art keywords
ellipsoid
display device
light source
shell
upper substrate
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CN2013101194955A
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CN103235460B (zh
Inventor
梁魁
袁剑峰
林承武
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
Beijing BOE Display Technology Co Ltd
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
Beijing BOE Display Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201310119495.5A priority Critical patent/CN103235460B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2013/077320 priority patent/WO2014166158A1/zh
Priority to US14/348,362 priority patent/US9817252B2/en
Publication of CN103235460A publication Critical patent/CN103235460A/zh
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/007—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements the movable or deformable optical element controlling the colour, i.e. a spectral characteristic, of the light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/03—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
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    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
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    • G09G3/344—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices based on particles moving in a fluid or in a gas, e.g. electrophoretic devices

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开一种显示装置，包括：上基板、下基板及两者之间的溶剂，还包括：位于所述上基板和下基板之间用于形成光子晶体的椭球且所述椭球具有电磁特性。本发明所述的显示装置，通过椭圆形纳米或者亚微米级椭球形成的光子晶体，改变光折射系数，反射出不同颜色的光线，显示彩色图像，解决了现有技术中，基于圆球形微球的电子纸显示装置只能显示黑白图像或者显示的彩色图像色彩单一、效果较差、响应时间长、价格昂贵，以及液晶显示装置的彩膜造成的光损耗的问题。

Description

一种显示装置及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种显示装置及其制造方法。 
背景技术
随着电子纸显示技术的发展，基于电子纸技术的显示装置朝着色彩鲜明化、超薄化、节能化发展。 
电子纸类显示装置一般包括：上基板（硅胶片或玻璃基板）和下基板（硅胶片或玻璃基板），以及在上基板和下基板之间的液晶层或者微球层；其中，所述上基板包括公共电极，所述下基板包括：薄膜晶体管TFT、像素电极和反射层；像素电极根据TFT接收数据线的信号，在所述上基板和下基板间形成变化的电场，通过电场的变化使液晶层或者微球层的液晶或者微球发生变化，进而使显示装置显示图像。 
现有技术中的电子纸技术大多采用黑白油墨微球为基础，这种电子纸显示装置采用与普通纸张类似的透明胶片，在胶片里面分布了数量高达百万计的直径在100微米左右大小的带电小球，所述小球为圆球形状，在每个小球的一面涂上了带负电黑色涂料，另一面涂上带正电的白色涂料。这些小球被密封在透明的充满润滑油的硅胶片中。在硅胶片的表面构造了类似液晶TFT一样的电路，能够按照需要在不同的位置施加正电压或者负电压。这样内部泡在润滑油中的带电小球就会在电场的作用下发生旋转，选择性的将黑色或者白色部分翻转出来，在宏观上形成需要显示的文字或者图案。但是这种电子纸显示装置仅仅能显示黑白图像，无法做到彩色显示。 
现有技术中也具有彩色的电子纸显示装置，但是这一类显示装置是以正负电性的圆球形彩色油墨微球为基础，需要在彩色油墨微球涂抹不同颜色的涂料，由于仅仅通过彩色油墨微球自身具有的色彩显示图像，这一类显示装置存在显示颜色单一、效果较差、响应时间长、 价格昂贵等问题。而基于液晶的彩色显示装置需要采用彩膜，会产生光损耗，降低透光率，因此需要额外的光源提供亮度，这就会消耗额外的电量，此外，基于彩膜的图像色彩并不是单纯反射产生的结构光，具有色彩效果较差、对比度较低的问题。 
发明内容
本发明提供一种显示装置及其制造方法，用于解决现有技术中，基于圆球形微球的电子纸显示装置只能显示黑白图像或者显示的彩色图像色彩单一、效果较差、响应时间长、价格昂贵，以及液晶显示装置的彩膜造成的光损耗的问题。 
本发明提供的一种显示装置，包括：上基板、下基板及两者之间的溶剂，还包括：位于所述上基板和下基板之间用于形成光子晶体的椭球且所述椭球具有电磁特性。 
进一步，本发明所述的显示装置，所述椭球的外壳设有电解质层； 
或者，所述椭球的内部设有磁性内核； 
或者，所述椭球的外壳设有电解质层且所述椭球的内部设有磁性内核。 
进一步，本发明所述的显示装置，所述椭球的材料是无机复合材料或者有机复合材料； 
所述无机复合材料包括二氧化硅、二氧化钛或者三氧化二铁； 
所述有机复合材料包括聚苯乙烯或者聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。 
进一步，本发明所述的显示装置，所述椭球的外壳设有高分子修饰层。 
进一步，本发明所述的显示装置，所述溶剂包括有机分散溶剂。 
进一步，本发明所述的显示装置，还包括：光入射面经过了粗糙化处理的反射层，所述反射层设于所述下基板的上方。 
进一步，本发明所述的显示装置，其特征在于，还包括：补强光源，所述补强光源是LED或者OLED。 
进一步，本发明所述的显示装置，所述补强光源均匀设于所述显示装置的边框上； 
或者，所述补强光源均匀设于所述显示装置的上基板上，而且在所述显示装置内部设有黑边框，所述黑边框在所述补强光源的对应位置，且位于所述补强光源的上方； 
或者，所述补强光源均匀设于所述显示装置的边框上，且所述补强光源均匀设于所述显示装置的上基板上，而且在所述显示装置内部设有黑边框，所述黑边框在所述补强光源的对应位置，且位于所述补强光源的上方。 
本发明还提供一种显示装置的制造方法，包括： 
在所述上基板和下基板上制备相对设置的透明导电膜层； 
在形成有透明导电膜层的下基板上形成金属反射层； 
在形成有金属反射层的下基板上制备驱动阵列； 
在上基板和下基板之间加入微球乳液，密封所述显示装置；所述微球乳液包括椭球和溶剂，所述椭球用于形成光子晶体且具有电磁特性。 
进一步，本发明所述的显示装置的制造方法，所述椭球的制备方法包括： 
采用二氧化硅、二氧化钛、三氧化二铁、聚苯乙烯或者聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯制备所述椭球； 
在所述椭球的一端涂抹带有正电或者负电的电解质，形成电解质层；或者在所述椭球的一端涂抹带有正电的电解质，在所述椭球的另一端涂抹带有负电的电解质，形成外壳设有电解质层的椭球。 
进一步，本发明所述的显示装置的制造方法，所述椭球的制备方法包括： 
在磁性物质的外壳包覆椭球的外壳材料，所述外壳材料包括：二氧化硅、二氧化钛、三氧化二铁、聚苯乙烯或者聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，形成内部设有磁性内核的椭球。 
本发明所述的显示装置的制造方法，在所述椭球的制备完成后，还包括：对椭球的外壳进行高分子修饰，形成外壳设有高分子修饰层的椭球，所述高分子修饰层采用的材料包括：十烷基三甲基溴化铵、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、壬基三甲基溴化铵。 
本发明所述的显示装置及其制造方法，通过椭圆形纳米或者亚微米级椭球形成的光子晶体，改变反射光波长，反射出不同颜色的光线，显示彩色图像，解决了现有技术中，基于圆球形微球的电子纸显示装置只能显示黑白图像或者显示的彩色图像色彩单一、效果较差、响应时间长、价格昂贵，以及液晶显示装置的彩膜造成的光损耗的问题，而且具有如下技术效果： 
一、传统的液晶显示装置需要使用彩膜才能显示色彩，而彩膜会产生光损耗，降低透光率，而本发明所述的显示装置，由于不需要彩膜，因此其透光率比液晶显示装置高，而且，所述光子晶体对光反射产生的色彩是结构色，所以其显示色彩的颜色更真实、对比度更高； 
二、本发明所述的显示装置利用光反射，借助外界光来显示图像，不需要消耗自身的电量进行图像显示，其电量消耗主要用于驱动阵列的外加电场变化； 
三、本发明所述的显示装置在外界光线不足的情况下使用自身的补强光源，以提高亮度，增加了所述显示装置的应用场景，在光线黑暗条件下也可以使用； 
四、本发明所述的显示装置针对补强光源增加了黑边框，遮挡补强光源的光线直线射出所述显示装置，防止所述补强光源处的亮度明显高于所述显示装置其他区域的亮度，在使用补强光源的情况下，提升了显示图像效果。 
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例所述的显示装置的结构示意图； 
图2是本发明实施例所述的椭球在外加电场增强时的原理示意图； 
图3是本发明实施例所述的椭球在外加电场减弱时的原理示意图； 
图4是本发明实施例所述的椭球外壳的电解质的示意图； 
图5是本发明实施例所述的显示装置的边框的补强光源示意图； 
图6是本发明实施例所述的显示装置的黑边框示意图； 
图7是本发明实施例所述的显示装置的制造方法。 
附图标号说明： 
101：椭球，102：溶剂，103：上基板，104：下基板，105：补强光源，106：黑边框，107：显示装置的边框。 
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明，下面结合附图与具体实施方式对本发明作进一步描述。 
图1是本发明实施例所述的显示装置的结构示意图，如图1，本发明实施例提供的一种显示装置，包括：上基板103、下基板104及两者之间的溶剂102，还包括：位于所述上基板103和下基板104之间用于形成光子晶体的椭球101且所述椭球101具有电磁特性； 
所述椭球101是纳米级或者亚微米级的微椭球，且所述椭球轴线的所在的横截面是椭圆形；所述光子晶体的反射光波长随着上基板103和下基板104间外加电场或者外加磁场的强度变化而变化；所述溶剂102起润滑所述椭球101和保护所述光子晶体的作用； 
所述纳米或者亚微米级椭球101是反射基体，随着上基板103和下基板104间的外加电场或者外加磁场的变化，能够组装成具有不同结构的光子晶体结构；所述光子晶体是由周期性排列的不同折射率的介质制造的规则光学结构，光子晶体具有光子带隙，能够阻断特定频率的光子；通过使所述光子晶体结构变化，可以使所述光子晶体拥有不同的光线反射波长，因此当所述光子晶体反射外界光线时，会显示不同的颜色；根据驱动阵列的控制，按照需求在不同位置施加不同的 电压，根据电压控制纳米或者亚微米级的所述椭球101；其具体原理如下： 
根据布拉格方程：λ＝2ndsinθ 
其中，λ为所述光子晶体的反射光波长，n为椭球折射率，d为晶格间距，θ为椭球偏转角度；所述晶格间距由所述椭球的轴径比决定；所述椭球偏转角度是指椭球轴向的偏转角度，具体是指椭球的轴向和入射光的夹角的角度；当所述椭球折射率一定时，光子晶体的反射光波长及晶格间距，与椭球偏转角度有关，当我们施加不同电场时，光子晶体中椭球的轴向相对于入射光的角度是不断变化的，故反射光的波长也是不同的，故能在不同的电场或者磁场作用下呈现不同的色彩，进而显示彩色图像；所述椭球的粒径、轴径比、折射率要与显示的彩色图像的需求相匹配； 
所述椭球因为具有电磁特性，在上基板和下基板间具有外加电场或者外加磁场的条件下，椭球会发生偏转；在所述外加电场的条件下，根据上述布拉格方程，假设在所述椭球折射率n和晶格间距d不变的情况下，椭球偏转角度θ随着所述外加电场的强度变化而变化，图2是本发明实施例所述的椭球在外加电场增强时的原理示意图，如图2所示，假设入射光垂直于所述上基板103所在平面，在所述外加电场的电压增大的情况下，所述椭球101向入射光线方向偏转，所述椭球偏转角度θ减小，所述光子晶体的反射光波长λ减小；图3是本发明实施例所述的椭球在外加电场减弱时的原理示意图，如图3所示，在所述外加电场的电压减小的情况下，所述椭球101向相反方向偏转，所述椭球偏转角度θ增大，所述光子晶体的反射光波长λ增大； 
同理，也可以得出，在所述外加磁场的条件下，在外加磁场强度增大的情况下，所述椭球向入射光方向偏转，所述椭球偏转角度θ减小，所述光子晶体的反射光波长λ减小；在所述外加磁场强度减小的情况下，所述椭球向反方向偏转，所述椭球偏转角度θ增大，所述光子晶体的反射光波长λ增大； 
所述椭球形成光子晶体，可见所述光子晶体的反射光波长随着上基板和下基板间外加电场或者外加磁场的强度变化而变化，从而使所述光子晶体反射外界光，形成不同的色彩。 
而且本发明所述的显示装置还具有如下的优点： 
一、传统的液晶显示装置需要使用彩膜才能显示色彩，而彩膜会产生光损耗，降低透光率，而本发明所述的显示装置，由于不需要彩膜，因此其透光率比液晶显示装置高，而且，所述光子晶体对光反射产生的色彩是结构色，所以其显示色彩的颜色更真实、对比度更高； 
二、本发明所述的显示装置利用光反射，借助外界光来显示图像，不需要消耗自身的电量进行图像显示，其电量消耗主要用于驱动阵列的外加电场变化，只有在外界光线不足的情况下才使用自身的补强光源，以提高亮度。 
进一步，本发明实施例所述的显示装置，所述椭球的外壳设有电解质层； 
或者，所述椭球的内部设有磁性内核； 
或者，所述椭球的外壳设有电解质层且所述椭球的内部设有磁性内核。 
其中，所述椭球的外壳设有电解质层，所述电解质层是带有正电或者负电的电解质，将所述电解质作为涂料涂抹于所述椭球的表面，使所述椭球具有电磁特性；所述椭球沿轴线分为两端，所述电解质层的位置包括以下二种情况： 
所述椭球的一端设有电解质层，所述电解质层带有正电或者负电；可以将带有正电或者负电的电解质涂于所述椭球的一端，形成所述电解质层； 
或者，所述椭球的两端都设有电解质层，所述椭球的一端设有带正电的电解质层，另一端设有带负电的电解质层；可以将带有正电的电解质涂于所述椭球的一端，将带有负电的电解质涂于所述椭球的另一端，形成所述电解质层；如果在所述椭球的两端同时设有带不同电 性的电解质层，可以使所述椭球在偏转时具有更高的灵敏度。 
所述椭球的外壳设有电解质层可以使所述椭球具有电磁特性，在外加电场或者变化磁场的作用下，所述椭球在润滑溶剂中发生偏转，使所述光子晶体的结构变化，改变所述光子晶体的反射光波长，由此使本发明所述的显示装置显示彩色图像。 
图4是本发明实施例所述的椭球外壳的电解质的示意图，如图4所示，在所述椭球的101一端设有带负电的电解质层，在所述椭球的另一端设有带正电的电解质层。由于正负电解质分别分布在两端，在不同强度电场的或者变化磁场作用下，椭球可以随着电场或者磁场的变化进行偏转，从而影响光子晶体的反射光波长。 
其中，所述椭球的内部设有磁性内核，所述椭球是核壳椭球，在椭球的内部设有磁性内核，形成具有电磁特性的椭球，所述椭球的外壳材料包括：二氧化硅、二氧化钛、三氧化二铁、聚苯乙烯或者聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯；采用Stober方法在磁性物质的外壳包覆外壳材料，形成所述内部设有磁性内核的椭球，所述椭球的轴径比可以通过调整所述外壳材料的包覆量进行调整；所述Stober方法是指：利用氨水催化正硅酸乙酯的方法合成单分散良好的二氧化硅纳米粒子球，尺寸可控表面易功能化，广泛应用于制备无机纳米粒子，也可称之为化学共沉淀法；如果包覆外壳材料是有机物则采用乳液聚合的方法制备外壳。 
所述椭球的内部设有磁性内核可以使所述椭球具有电磁特性，在外加磁场或者变化电场的作用下，所述椭球在润滑溶剂中发生偏转，使所述光子晶体的结构变化，改变所述光子晶体的反射光波长，由此使本发明所述的显示装置显示彩色图像。 
进一步，本发明实施例所述的显示装置，所述椭球的材料是无机复合材料或者有机复合材料； 
所述无机复合材料包括二氧化硅、二氧化钛或者三氧化二铁； 
所述有机复合材料包括聚苯乙烯或者聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。 
其中，内部磁性椭球是无机材料，外壳材料可以是有机材料也可 以是无机材料。 
所述椭球的外壳设有电解质层的情况下，所述椭球的材料采用二氧化硅、二氧化钛、三氧化二铁、聚苯乙烯或者聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯；现采用上述物质形成所述椭球，然后在所述椭球上涂抹电解质，形成外壳设有电解质层的椭球； 
所述椭球的内部设有磁性内核的情况下，所述椭球的的材料采用二氧化硅、二氧化钛、三氧化二铁、聚苯乙烯或者聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯；在磁性内核上包覆上述材料，形成内部设有磁性内核的椭球。 
上述椭球材料不具有电磁特性，但是可以形成所述光子晶体。可以采用在上述材料制成的椭球上涂抹电解质层，形成具有电磁特性的椭球；或者，在磁性物质外部包裹上述材料，控制其尺寸，形成具有电磁特性的椭球； 
所述具有电磁特性的的椭球可以在电场或者磁场的作用下，在溶剂中发生偏转，从而改变有所述椭球形成的光子晶体的反射光波长，由此使本发明所述的显示装置显示彩色图像。 
进一步，本发明实施例所述的显示装置，所述椭球的外壳设有高分子修饰层。 
为了保持所述椭球的分散性和位置区域固定，需要对椭球进行表面处理，减少椭球之间的作用力，以免椭球无序堆积在一起；所述表面处理是指利用微波超声或者搅拌的方法在所述椭球的外壳进行高分子修饰，所述高分子修饰时采用的材料包括：十烷基三甲基溴化铵、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、壬基三甲基溴化铵。最后形成了设有高分子修饰层的椭球；所述高分子修饰层的材料包括：十烷基三甲基溴化铵。 
进一步，本发明实施例所述的显示装置，所述溶剂包括有机分散溶剂。 
所述溶剂主要是起润滑作用，并且填充满上基板和驱动阵列之间的区域，可以有助于所述椭球在外加电场作用下旋转，并且保护所述椭球组成的光子晶体结构不受破坏；所述溶剂包括有机分散溶剂，所 述有机分散溶剂一般是油性高分子有机溶剂，例如油酸类物质，可以参考现有技术的电子墨水或者电子纸技术中的分散溶剂。 
进一步，本发明实施例所述的显示装置，还包括：光入射面经过了粗糙化处理的反射层，所述反射层设于所述下基板的上方。 
对所述反射层进行粗糙化处理，可以增强光的漫反射效果，使显示的图像亮度均匀，提高所述显示装置的显示效果。 
进一步，本发明实施例所述的显示装置，还包括：补强光源，所述补强光源是LED或者OLED。 
所述补强光源至少有二个，集成于上层玻璃基板上，采用LED或者OLED，在外界光线不足的情况下开启所述补强光源，以提高亮度，使所述显示装置在黑暗条件下也能显示图像。 
进一步，本发明实施例所述的显示装置，所述补强光源均匀设于所述显示装置的边框上； 
或者，所述补强光源均匀设于所述显示装置的上基板上，而且在所述显示装置内部设有黑边框，所述黑边框在所述补强光源的对应位置，且位于所述补强光源的上方； 
或者，所述补强光源均匀设于所述显示装置的边框上，且所述补强光源均匀设于所述显示装置的上基板上，而且在所述显示装置内部设有黑边框，所述黑边框在所述补强光源的对应位置，且位于所述补强光源的上方。 
所述黑边框具有黑矩阵的作用，还可以用来遮挡补强光源的部分光线直接射入人眼。 
图5是本发明实施例所述的显示装置的边框的补强光源示意图，如图5所示，把所述补强光源105均匀布置于所述显示装置的边框107上，可以使所述显示装置1的补强光线均匀分布，而且补强光源设置简单，易于加工制造。 
图6是本发明实施例所述的显示装置的黑边框示意图，如图6所示，在所述补强光源105的对应位置设置黑边框106，遮挡补强光源的 光线直线射出所述显示装置，防止所述补强光源处的亮度明显高于所述显示装置其他区域的亮度。 
本发明实施例还提供一种显示装置的制造方法，用于制造本发明所述的显示装置，图7是本发明实施例所述的显示装置的制造方法，如图7所示，本发明实施例方法包括： 
步骤S1，在所述上基板和下基板上制备相对设置的透明导电膜层； 
步骤S2，在形成有透明导电膜层的下基板上形成金属反射层； 
其中，所述形成金属反射层的方式可以为蒸镀、溅射等。 
步骤S3，在形成有金属反射层的下基板上制备驱动阵列；所述驱动阵列的图形类似于普通LCD显示面板中的阵列基板中的TFT，所述驱动阵列起到电场或磁场开关的作用；当然，所述驱动阵列可以为无源驱动，只要可以起到电场或磁场开关的作用即可，在此不作限制。 
步骤S4，在上基板和下基板之间加入微球乳液，密封所述显示装置；所述微球乳液包括椭球和溶剂，所述椭球用于形成光子晶体且具有电磁特性。 
进一步，本发明实施例所述的显示装置的制造方法，所述步骤S4中椭球的制备方法包括： 
步骤S411，采用二氧化硅、二氧化钛、三氧化二铁、聚苯乙烯或者聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯制备所述椭球； 
步骤S412，在所述椭球的一端涂抹带有正电或者负电的电解质，形成电解质层；或者在所述椭球的一端涂抹带有正电的电解质，在所述椭球的另一端涂抹带有负电的电解质，形成外壳设有电解质层的椭球。 
进一步，本发明实施例所述的显示装置的制造方法，所述步骤S4中椭球的制备方法包括： 
步骤S421，在磁性物质的外壳包覆椭球的外壳材料，所述外壳材料包括：二氧化硅、二氧化钛、三氧化二铁、聚苯乙烯或者聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，形成内部设有磁性内核的椭球。 
进一步，本发明实施例所述的显示装置的制造方法，在所述步骤S4中椭球的制备方法完成后，还包括：对椭球的外壳进行高分子修饰，形成外壳设有高分子修饰层的椭球，所述高分子修饰层采用的材料包括：十烷基三甲基溴化铵、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、壬基三甲基溴化铵。 
本发明实施例所述的显示装置的制造方法，通过制造带有电磁特性的椭球，把所述椭球加入至溶剂形成所述微球乳液，采用所述微球乳液作为核心部件制造成所述显示装置。由于所述椭球具有电磁特性，可以使所述椭球形成的光子晶体随外加电场或者磁场变化而改变反射光波长，从而显示不同色彩。 
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例，当然，本发明还可以有其他多种实施例，在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下，熟悉本领域的技术人员当可根据本发明做出各种相应的改变和变形，但这些相应的改变和变形都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。 

Claims (12)

1.一种显示装置，包括：上基板、下基板及两者之间的溶剂，其特征在于，还包括：位于所述上基板和下基板之间用于形成光子晶体的椭球且所述椭球具有电磁特性。
2.根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述椭球的外壳设有电解质层；
或者，所述椭球的内部设有磁性内核；
或者，所述椭球的外壳设有电解质层且所述椭球的内部设有磁性内核。
3.根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述椭球的材料是无机复合材料或者有机复合材料；
所述无机复合材料包括二氧化硅、二氧化钛或者三氧化二铁；
所述有机复合材料包括聚苯乙烯或者聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述椭球的外壳设有高分子修饰层。
5.根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述溶剂包括有机分散溶剂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其特征在于，还包括：光入射面经过了粗糙化处理的反射层，所述反射层设于所述下基板的上方。
7.根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的显示装置，其特征在于，还包括：补强光源，所述补强光源是LED或者OLED。
8.根据权利要求7所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述补强光源均匀设于所述显示装置的边框上；
或者，所述补强光源均匀设于所述显示装置的上基板上，而且在所述显示装置内部设有黑边框，所述黑边框在所述补强光源的对应位置，且位于所述补强光源的上方；
或者，所述补强光源均匀设于所述显示装置的边框上，且所述补强光源均匀设于所述显示装置的上基板上，而且在所述显示装置内部设有黑边框，所述黑边框在所述补强光源的对应位置，且位于所述补强光源的上方。
9.一种显示装置的制造方法，其特征在于，包括：
在所述上基板和下基板上制备相对设置的透明导电膜层；
在形成有透明导电膜层的下基板上形成金属反射层；
在形成有金属反射层的下基板上制备驱动阵列；
在上基板和下基板之间加入微球乳液，密封所述显示装置；所述微球乳液包括椭球和溶剂，所述椭球用于形成光子晶体且具有电磁特性。
10.根据权利要求9所述的显示装置的制造方法，所述椭球的制备方法包括：
采用二氧化硅、二氧化钛、三氧化二铁、聚苯乙烯或者聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯制备所述椭球；
在所述椭球的一端涂抹带有正电或者负电的电解质，形成电解质层；或者在所述椭球的一端涂抹带有正电的电解质，在所述椭球的另一端涂抹带有负电的电解质，形成外壳设有电解质层的椭球。
11.根据权利要求9所述的显示装置的制造方法，所述椭球的制备方法包括：
在磁性物质的外壳包覆椭球的外壳材料，所述外壳材料包括：二氧化硅、二氧化钛、三氧化二铁、聚苯乙烯或者聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，形成内部设有磁性内核的椭球。
12.根据权利要求10或11任一项所述的显示装置的制造方法，在所述椭球的制备完成后，还包括：对椭球的外壳进行高分子修饰，形成外壳设有高分子修饰层的椭球，所述高分子修饰层采用的材料包括：十烷基三甲基溴化铵、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、壬基三甲基溴化铵。
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