CN103230723B - 一种圆环形分段式错流烟气净化吸附塔 - Google Patents
一种圆环形分段式错流烟气净化吸附塔 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103230723B CN103230723B CN201310141665.XA CN201310141665A CN103230723B CN 103230723 B CN103230723 B CN 103230723B CN 201310141665 A CN201310141665 A CN 201310141665A CN 103230723 B CN103230723 B CN 103230723B
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- activated coke
- adsorption tower
- flue gas
- collection chamber
- annular
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000003546 flue gases Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007789 gases Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004744 fabrics Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010410 layers Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003344 environmental pollutants Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N HCl Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910001385 heavy metals Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract 4
- 238000003829 large scale production Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reactions Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000003009 desulfurizing Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 methods Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound 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[S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002089 NOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000004940 Nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound 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- 238000005039 chemical industry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrates Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010586 diagrams Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
一种圆环形分段式错流烟气净化吸附塔，从上到下包括依次连通的给料斗、布料器、活性焦床层以及卸料斗，活性焦床层内部为中间烟气集气室，外部被双层环形隔板分隔为上部的净烟气集气室和下部的原烟气布气室，净烟气集气室上部设置有出口烟道，原烟气布气室下部设置有和其连通的原烟气入口烟道，活性焦床层、原烟气布气室、净烟气集气室以及整个塔体的横截面均为圆环形；采用本发明吸附塔，烟气中污染物脱除效率高，SO2脱除效率大于96%，SO3，HCl、HF的脱除效率大于98%，重金属Hg的脱除效率大于90%，除尘效率大于80%；同时，本发明还有给料方便均匀、落料流畅、活性焦利用率高、易于大型化等优点。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种为电厂锅炉、冶金、垃圾焚烧以及化工行业废气进行脱硫的活性焦干法吸附塔，具体涉及一种圆环形分段式错流烟气净化吸附塔。
背景技术
[0002] 在燃煤电站烟气脱硫领域，目前90%以上采用的都是石灰石一石膏湿法烟气脱硫工艺，该工艺虽然技术成熟，应用广泛，但在应用过程中其缺点也逐渐显现出来:1)水耗高:对于不设烟气换热器GGH的电站锅炉烟气脱硫装置，折合每百万千瓦机组的耗水量高达220〜250m3/h ；2)烟囱防腐和“石膏雨”问题:湿法脱硫装置的出口烟气为饱和湿烟气，必须对烟®进行高等级防腐，还可能出现烟®“石膏雨”问题，对周边环境造成二次污染；3)净烟气液滴携带问题:净烟气中携带的液滴为20%左右浓度的石膏浆液，其中含有一定的固体颗粒，排入大气中即为粉尘污染；4)石灰石大量开采和石膏堆积问题:由于广泛采用石灰石一石膏湿法烟气脱硫工艺，导致大量石灰石山被开采，还造成部分地区的脱硫石膏堆积。
[0003] 根据我国煤电发展规划，未来将重点建设大型煤电基地，我国富煤地区主要位于北方，也正是缺水地区。活性焦干法烟气净化工艺耗水量小，较传统湿法脱硫节水90%以上，而且吸附剂活性焦由煤炭制取，副产物为浓硫酸可资源化利用，不会造成大量石灰石开采和石膏堆积问题。另外，在环境保护重点地区，环境容量小，环保标准严格，活性焦烟气净化工艺可以对S02、S03、NOx、HC1、HF、Hg、细微粉尘等进行同时高效脱除，而且没有传统湿法脱硫的“石膏雨”、净烟气液滴携带等问题，可以满足十分严格的环保标准，适用于环境敏感地区的烟气净化。
[0004] 此外，对于钢铁烧结烟气、垃圾焚烧烟气的净化处理，活性焦可以同时吸附其中的二噁英污染物，而传统的湿法脱硫工艺无法对二噁英进行有效脱除。因此，活性焦适用于对烧结烟气和垃圾焚烧烟气中的多污染物脱除和深度净化。
[0005] 吸附塔是活性焦烟气脱硫工艺的核心设备，但该工艺在我国的应用刚处于起步阶段，尤其是电厂规模的应用在我国尚无业绩，因此我国亟需开发具有自主知识产权的新型吸附塔结构。
发明内容
[0006] 为了解决上述现有技术存在的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种圆环形分段式错流烟气净化吸附塔，具有污染物脱除效率高，系统阻力小，活性焦利用率高、循环量小、破损率低，布料均匀，卸料顺畅装置运行稳定的特点。
[0007] 为达到以上目的，本发明采用如下技术方案:
[0008] 一种圆环形分段式错流烟气净化吸附塔，包括给料斗1，给料斗1下部设置布料器2，布料器2下部设置有横截面为环形的活性焦床层9，活性焦床层9内部为中间烟气集气室6，外部被双层环形隔板8分隔为上部的净烟气集气室4和下部的原烟气布气室10，所述活性焦床层9与中间烟气集气室(6)间通过中间烟气集气室栅格7连通，活性焦床层9与净烟气集气室4间通过净烟气集气栅格5连通，活性焦床层9与原烟气布气室10间通过原烟气进气栅格11连通，所述净烟气集气室4上部设置有和其连通的出口烟道3，所述原烟气布气室10下部设置有和其连通的原烟气入口烟道12，所述活性焦床层9下部设置有卸料斗14，卸料斗14下部设置有卸料阀15，所述中间烟气集气室6下部设置有灰斗16，灰斗16下部设置有卸灰阀17 ;所述活性焦床层9、原烟气布气室10、净烟气集气室4以及整个塔体的横截面均为圆环形。
[0009] 所述布料器2的形状为锥体。
[0010] 所述锥体的圆锥母线与水平面之间的夹角α大于40°。
[0011] 所述双层环形隔板8两层之间的距离大于活性焦床层9平均厚度的2倍。
[0012] 所述活性焦床层9的平均厚度D为0.8〜2.5m。
[0013] 所述卸料斗14的中心线布置在活性焦床层9中心线的外侧。
[0014] 所述卸料斗14内设置有1〜5块导流板13，所述导流板13与水平夹角自内而外依次增大。
[0015] 所述卸料斗14采用分区布置，分区数目为1、2、3、4、6、9、12个。
[0016] 本发明和现有技术相比，具有如下优点:
[0017] 1、本发明吸附塔整体呈圆环形，与方形塔相比，具有结构简单，节省材料，易于大型化，卸料流畅，不易出现死点，且可以避免应力集中。同时，由于整个塔体呈圆环形，内部设置锥形布料器，上部单点给料就可以实现整个系统的均匀给料，降低了对输送系统的要求。
[0018] 2、本发明吸附塔被双层环向隔板分成两段，活性焦依靠重力自上而下流动，下部饱和度较高的活性焦首先与原烟气接触，使活性焦饱和度进一步增加，部分脱硫的烟气经中间烟气集气室再与上部新鲜活性焦接触，从而保证较高的脱硫效率。相比现有的单段错流技术，本发明出口活性焦饱和度高，整体吸附硫容大，脱硫效率高，从而活性焦装填量和循环量减少，吸附塔体积减小，破损率降低，建造和运行成本降低。
[0019] 3、本发明吸附塔被双层环向隔板分成两段，上半段高S02&度烟气首先与床层内侧活性焦接触，使内侧活性焦饱和度高于外侧活性焦，活性焦进入下半段后，高浓度so2烟气首先与床层外侧活性焦接触，使出口活性焦饱和度趋于均匀。
[0020] 4、本发明卸料斗靠活性焦层外侧布置，同时内部设置导流板，从而保证活性焦层外侧活性焦移动速度大于内侧活性焦移动速度，出口活性焦平均饱和度增加。
附图说明
[0021] 图1为本发明吸附塔主视图。
[0022] 图2为本发明吸附塔俯视图。
[0023] 图3为布料器倾角的示意图。
具体实施方式
[0024] 以下结合附图及具体实施例，对本发明作进一步的详细描述。
[0025] 如图1和图2所示，本发明一种圆环形分段式错流烟气净化吸附塔，包括给料斗1，给料斗1下部设置布料器2，布料器2下部设置有横截面为环形的活性焦床层9，活性焦床层9内部为中间烟气集气室6，外部被双层环形隔板8分隔为上部的净烟气集气室4和下部的原烟气布气室10，所述活性焦床层9与中间烟气集气室(6)间通过中间烟气集气室栅格7连通，活性焦床层9与净烟气集气室4间通过净烟气集气栅格5连通，活性焦床层9与原烟气布气室10间通过原烟气进气栅格11连通，所述净烟气集气室4上部设置有和其连通的出口烟道3，所述原烟气布气室10下部设置有和其连通的原烟气入口烟道12，所述活性焦床层9下部设置有卸料斗14，卸料斗14下部设置有卸料阀15，所述中间烟气集气室6下部设置有灰斗16，灰斗16下部设置有卸灰阀17 ;所述活性焦床层9、原烟气布气室10、净烟气集气室4以及整个塔体的横截面均为圆环形。
[0026] 作为本发明的优选实施方式，所述双层环形隔板8两层之间的距离大于活性焦床层9平均厚度的2倍。
[0027] 作为本发明的优选实施方式，所述活性焦床层9的平均厚度D为0.8〜2.5m。
[0028] 作为本发明的优选实施方式，所述卸料斗14的中心线布置在活性焦床层9中心线的外侧。
[0029] 作为本发明的优选实施方式，所述卸料斗14内设置有1〜5块导流板13，所述导流板13与水平夹角自内而外依次增大。
[0030] 作为本发明的优选实施方式，所述卸料斗14采用分区布置，分区数目为1、2、3、4、6、9、12 个。
[0031] 如图3所示，作为本发明的优选实施方式，所述布料器2的形状为锥体，所述锥体的圆锥母线与水平面之间的夹角α大于40°。
[0032] 本发明的工作原理为:活性焦由给料斗1给入，通过锥形布料器2使活性焦在床层内均匀分布，锅炉烟气从原烟气入口烟道12进入吸附塔，气流速度下降，由于床层阻力较大，气流在原烟气布气室10圆周方向上均匀分布，穿过下半段活性焦层首先与半饱和的活性焦接触，使出口活性焦达到较高的饱和度，经过部分脱硫的烟气进入中间烟气集气室6后，气流上行，垂直穿过上半段活性焦床层9再与上半段新鲜的活性焦接触，经净烟气集气室4收集，从出口烟道3流出吸附塔。活性焦依靠重力下降，通过下部沿圆周方向布置的多个卸料阀流出吸附塔。
[0033] 如图1和图2所示，本发明整个塔体结构采用圆柱状，内部设置锥形布料器，下部设置沿圆周方向设置多个卸料斗，这样不仅保证了卸料顺畅，不出现滞留区，而且通过单点就可以实现均匀给料，不用布置长轴辊式卸料器，降低了对输送系统的要求。
[0034] 如图1所示，本发明通过在外层圆环内设置双层环向隔板，两层隔板间的距离略大于活性焦床层厚度的两倍，从而合理组织烟气流向，实现分段，原烟气从吸附塔下部进入，高浓度so2气体首先与半饱和的活性焦接触，使出口活性焦达到较高的饱和度，经过部分脱硫的烟气上行，再与上半段新鲜的活性焦接触，从而达到较高的脱硫效率。这样活性焦在塔内的停留时间和吸附硫容大幅度增加，降低了活性焦的装填量和循环量，使系统投资和运行成本均大幅度提高。采用本发明吸附塔，烟气中污染物脱除效率高，302脱除效率大于96%，S03、HC1、HF的脱除效率大于98%，重金属Hg的脱除效率大于90%，除尘效率大于80%。
Claims (8)
1.一种圆环形分段式错流烟气净化吸附塔，包括给料斗(1)，其特征在于:给料斗(I)下部设置布料器(2)，布料器(2)下部设置有横截面为环形的活性焦床层(9)，活性焦床层(9)内部为中间烟气集气室(6)，外部被双层环形隔板(8)分隔为上部的净烟气集气室(4)和下部的原烟气布气室(10)，所述活性焦床层(9)与中间烟气集气室(6)间通过中间烟气集气室栅格(7)连通，活性焦床层(9)与净烟气集气室(4)间通过净烟气集气栅格(5)连通，活性焦床层(9)与原烟气布气室(10)间通过原烟气进气栅格(11)连通，所述净烟气集气室(4)上部设置有和其连通的出口烟道(3)，所述原烟气布气室(10)下部设置有和其连通的原烟气入口烟道(12)，所述活性焦床层(9)下部设置有卸料斗(14)，卸料斗(14)下部设置有卸料阀(15)，所述中间烟气集气室(6)下部设置有灰斗(16)，灰斗(16)下部设置有卸灰阀(17);所述活性焦床层(9)、原烟气布气室(10)、净烟气集气室(4)以及整个塔体的横截面均为圆环形。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种圆环形分段式错流烟气净化吸附塔，其特征在于:所述布料器(2)的形状为锥体。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种圆环形分段式错流烟气净化吸附塔，其特征在于:所述锥体的圆锥母线与水平面之间的夹角α大于40°。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种圆环形分段式错流烟气净化吸附塔，其特征在于:所述双层环形隔板(8)两层之间的距离大于活性焦床层(9)平均厚度的2倍。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种圆环形分段式错流烟气净化吸附塔，其特征在于:所述活性焦床层(9)的平均厚度D为0.8〜2.5m。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种圆环形分段式错流烟气净化吸附塔，其特征在于:所述卸料斗(14)的中心线布置在活性焦床层(9)中心线的外侧。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种圆环形分段式错流烟气净化吸附塔，其特征在于:所述卸料斗(14)内设置有I〜5块导流板(13)，所述导流板(13)与水平夹角自内而外依次增大。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种圆环形分段式错流烟气净化吸附塔，其特征在于:所述卸料斗(14)采用分区布置，分区数目为1、2、3、4、6、9、12个。
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