CN103222682A - Binary composite filter rod for cigarettes and processing method and equipment thereof - Google Patents

Binary composite filter rod for cigarettes and processing method and equipment thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103222682A
CN103222682A CN2013101210981A CN201310121098A CN103222682A CN 103222682 A CN103222682 A CN 103222682A CN 2013101210981 A CN2013101210981 A CN 2013101210981A CN 201310121098 A CN201310121098 A CN 201310121098A CN 103222682 A CN103222682 A CN 103222682A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
active carbon
carbon hollow
stick
filter
filter stick
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Pending
Application number
CN2013101210981A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
余耀
詹建波
李赓
丁海燕
余振华
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Hongyun Honghe Tobacco Group Co Ltd
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Hongyun Honghe Tobacco Group Co Ltd
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Publication date
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Priority to CN2013101210981A priority Critical patent/CN103222682A/en
Publication of CN103222682A publication Critical patent/CN103222682A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a binary composite filter rod for cigarettes and a processing method and equipment thereof. The filter stick is prepared by the following method: the filter stick is composed of an acetate fiber and active carbon hollow filter stick binary composite unit, an outer wrapping layer and an inner wrapping layer. The binary composite unit of the acetate fiber and the activated carbon hollow filter stick is a cylinder body formed by combining an acetate fiber filter stick section and an activated carbon hollow filter stick section; the inner wrapping layer wraps the acetate fiber filter rod section, and the outer wrapping layer wraps the inner wrapping layer and the activated carbon hollow filter rod section. The filter stick is cut and then matched with a tow filter stick, tipping paper, tobacco shreds and cigarette paper to manufacture a complete cigarette. The invention has unique production process and novel style, can greatly reduce harmful ingredients in cigarette smoke and simultaneously has stronger anti-counterfeiting function.

Description

A kind of cigarette binary compound filter candle and processing method and equipment
Technical field
The invention belongs to filter bar for cigarette processing and preparing technical field, specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of binary compound filter candle that is made by cellulose acetate filter rod and active carbon hollow filter stick, the present invention simultaneously also designs the processing method and the process equipment of this filter stick.
Background technology
In the prior art, filter bar for cigarette is made by acetate fiber usually, and this filter stick can not effectively be held back the harmful substance in the flue gas.Development along with technology, the small amount of activated particle has appearred adding in cellulose acetate filter rod, to reach the effect of holding back the flue gas harmful substance, but also exist following defective: 1. the activated carbon granule in the filter stick comparatively loosely be mixed between the diacetate fiber, do not contact between the activated carbon granule, and be subjected to filter stick volume space restriction, can't apply more heavy dose of activated carbon granule, cause its to harmful substance in the flue gas hold back quantity and ability is limited within certain scope; 2. in the present cigarette market, a large amount of filter sticks inferior are adulterated, and the consumer is to its false proof resolving ability deficiency, not only lead consumers in general into a trap, infringement consumer legitimate right, and the normal development of serious harm cigarette industry, cause huge tax to run off, national interests are sustained a great loss.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at deficiency of the prior art, provide a kind of technology uniqueness, flue gas harmful substance to hold back strong and the cigarette with better antifalse effect of effect with fine filter stick of vinegar and active carbon hollow filter stick binary compound filter candle.
The present invention also aims to provide the processing method of described binary compound filter candle.
The present invention also aims to provide the process equipment of described binary compound filter candle.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
A kind of cigarette binary compound filter candle, comprise acetate fiber and active carbon hollow filter stick binary recombiner unit, outer wrapping layer and interior integument, it is characterized in that: described acetate fiber is by the alternate cylinder of forming that engages with active carbon hollow filter rod segments of cellulose acetate filter rod section with active carbon hollow filter stick binary recombiner unit; Integument is wrapped on the described cellulose acetate filter rod section in described, and described outer wrapping layer is wrapped on described interior integument and the described active carbon hollow filter rod segments.
Wherein, described active carbon hollow filter rod segments by granular active carbon by bonding, the manufacturing of plastic process flow process forms, inside is the cylinder of column cavity.
Wherein, the column cavity cross section of described active carbon hollow filter rod segments is circle, triangle, pentagon, octagon, rhombus, pentalpha, circle or cross.
A kind of cigarette processing method of binary compound filter candle is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
S1, bonding agent produce pressure and flow velocity through the pressurization back, and after itself and activated carbon granule are converged and mixing, entering active carbon hollow plug forming cavity, to carry out profile moulding, enter again active carbon hollow stick shaped device embark on journey for active carbon hollow plug rectangular;
S2, with active carbon hollow filter stick rectangular cut into by the design desired length, make active carbon hollow filter stick and place on the filter stick transmitting device standby;
S3, cut at active carbon hollow filter stick and to arrange on the unit, active carbon hollow filter stick is cut into active carbon hollow filter rod segments; Cut on the arrangement unit at the fine filter stick of vinegar, cellulose acetate filter rod of the prior art is cut into the cellulose acetate filter rod section; After then active carbon hollow filter rod segments and cellulose acetate filter rod spacer segment being arranged, import in the compound bar forming cavity, and by the forming paper device on the compound bar shaped device outer wrapping layer is wrapped in outside it, thereby the production smoke is rectangular with fine filter stick of vinegar and active carbon hollow filter stick binary compound filter candle;
S4, cigarette is cut on cutter sweep by designing desired length with fine filter stick of vinegar and active carbon hollow filter stick binary compound filter candle are rectangular, thereby make described cigarette binary compound filter candle.
Wherein, it is bonding that described forming paper device adopts PUR.
Wherein, described forming paper is a high porosity plug wrap paper.
A kind of active carbon hollow filter-stick forming device is characterized in that: comprise the moulding device of active carbon hollow stick, active carbon hollow filter stick formation unit and cutter sweep; The moulding device of described active carbon hollow stick comprises bonding agent basin, force (forcing) pump, active carbon basin and the moulding chamber of active carbon hollow stick profile, described bonding agent basin is communicated with the active carbon basin through force (forcing) pump, and the active carbon in the active carbon basin is communicated with the feed(raw material)inlet of bonding agent Mixed Zone with the moulding chamber of active carbon hollow stick profile; The moulding device of described active carbon hollow stick links to each other with described active carbon hollow filter stick formation unit, and described active carbon hollow filter stick formation unit links to each other with described cutter sweep.
A kind of cigarette binary compound filter candle process equipment, it is characterized in that: comprise that active carbon hollow filter stick cuts the arrangement unit, the fine filter stick of vinegar is cut and is arranged unit, compound bar shaped device and compound bar cutter sweep, described compound bar shaped device comprises compound bar forming cavity and forming paper device, cuts to arrange at active carbon hollow filter stick and cuts the active carbon hollow filter rod segments that obtains in the unit, cuts to arrange at the fine filter stick of vinegar and cut the outer wrapping formable layer paper that processing obtains in fine filter rod segments of the vinegar that obtains and the forming paper device in the unit and import the compound bar forming cavity.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, the present invention directly bonds together by bonding, moulding technology activated carbon granule, in limited space, significantly increase the quantity of activated carbon granule, with the interception capacity to smoking nicotine is example, the filter efficiency of prior art is about 40%, but filter efficiency of the present invention can reach more than 75%, has significantly improved the interception capacity to harmful substance, reach and reduce harmful substance in the cigarette smoke, improve the purpose of the security of cigarette smoke.
2, cigarette of the present invention is compared with at present common various filter stick for cigarettes and can be produced bigger outward appearance difference with binary compound filter candle in appearance.Can allow the consumer in mode more intuitively, identify true and false cigarette, help protecting really consumers in general's legitimate interests, the law-breaker who sells false smoke is hit effectively, avoid national interests to suffer a loss, antifalse effect is remarkable.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of cigarette of the present invention with binary compound filter candle;
Among the figure: the fine and active carbon hollow filter stick binary recombiner unit of 1-vinegar, integument in the 2-outer wrapping layer, 3-, 4-cellulose acetate filter rod section, 5-active carbon hollow filter rod segments;
The three-dimensional generalized section that Fig. 2 the present invention uses on Cigarette;
Among the figure: 6-tipping paper, 7-cigarette paper, 8-pipe tobacco;
Fig. 3~8 are its inner column cavity cross section shape schematic diagram of active carbon hollow filter rod segments of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is an active carbon hollow filter stick formation unit structural representation of the present invention;
Among the figure: 9-bonding agent basin, the 10-force (forcing) pump, the moulding device of 11-active carbon hollow stick, 12-active carbon basin, 13-active carbon stick controlling of production process touch-screen, the 14-active carbon stick production speed of a motor vehicle shows, 15-equipment operation control panel, and the 16-hollow stick production speed of a motor vehicle shows, the 17-hollow stick is produced segment process control touch-screen, 18-active carbon hollow stick forming cavity, 19-filter stick transmitting device, 20-divides the cigarette dish, the 21-cutter sweep, 22-cloth belt wheel transmitting device, 23-active carbon hollow filter stick formation unit, the moulding chamber of 24-active carbon hollow stick profile;
Figure 10 is the compound unit structural representation of binary filter stick of the present invention.
Among the figure: 25-active carbon hollow filter stick is cut the arrangement unit, the fine filter stick of 26-vinegar is cut the arrangement unit, the 27-composite molding section speed of a motor vehicle shows, 28-equipment operation control panel, 29-cuts the speed of a motor vehicle and shows, the 30-compound bar is produced segment process control touch-screen, 31-compound bar forming cavity, 32-filter stick transmitting device, 33-cuts dish, 34-compound bar cutter sweep, 35-cloth belt wheel transmitting device, 36-forming paper device, 37-compound bar shaped device, 38-filter stick are cut the speed of a motor vehicle and are shown that the 39-filter stick is cut the operation control panel, 40-brake hard button, the 41-waste collection box.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments the present invention is illustrated, should be noted that specific embodiment is limited the present invention never in any form, according to training centre of the present invention do any change or replacement, all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Shown in Fig. 1~8, the cigarette binary compound filter candle in the present embodiment, it constitutes with active carbon hollow filter stick binary recombiner unit 1, outer wrapping layer 2 and interior integument 3 by vinegar is fine; Described vinegar is fine to be by cellulose acetate filter rod section 4 and the active carbon hollow filter rod segments 5 alternate round clavas that constitute that combine with active carbon hollow filter stick binary recombiner unit 1; Integument 3 is wrapped on the fine filter rod segments 4 of described vinegar in described; Described outer wrapping layer 2 is wrapped on described interior integument 3 and the described active carbon hollow filter rod segments 5; Described active carbon hollow filter rod segments 5 is with granular active carbon, by bonding, the manufacturing of moulding technology flow process forms, inner be the cylinder of column cavity.The inside column cavity cross section of active carbon hollow filter rod segments 5 can be designed as multiple shapes such as circle, triangle, pentagon, octagon, rhombus, pentalpha, circle or cross.
With the cigarette binary compound filter candle described in the present embodiment, be used with raw and auxiliary materials such as tipping paper, tow, pipe tobaccos, be assembled into a Cigarette.
Be illustrated in figure 9 as active carbon hollow filter-stick forming device of the present invention, be used to produce active carbon hollow filter rod segments 5.Described active carbon hollow filter-stick forming device comprises the moulding device 11 of active carbon hollow stick, active carbon hollow filter stick formation unit 23 and cutter sweep 21, the moulding device 11 of described active carbon hollow stick comprises the moulding chamber 18 of bonding agent basin 9, force (forcing) pump 10, active carbon basin 12 and active carbon hollow stick profile, described bonding agent basin 9 is communicated with active carbon basin 12 through force (forcing) pump 10, and the active carbon in active carbon basin 12 is communicated with the feed(raw material)inlet of bonding agent Mixed Zone with the moulding chamber 18 of active carbon hollow stick profile; The moulding device 11 of described active carbon hollow stick links to each other with described active carbon hollow filter stick formation unit 23, and described active carbon hollow filter stick formation unit 23 links to each other with described cutter sweep 21.Use the technological process of this device fabrication active carbon hollow filter rod segments 5 to be: to finish the moulding work of the rectangular profile of active carbon hollow stick by active carbon hollow stick shaped device 11, finish the rectangular shaping work of active carbon hollow stick by active carbon hollow filter stick formation unit 23 again, then cut the active carbon hollow stick is rectangular according to the desired length of design, thereby produce active carbon hollow filter stick 5 at cutter sweep 21; Wherein, by designing requirement, give the even corresponding contour shape of active carbon that has mixed bonding agent by the moulding chamber 24 of active carbon hollow stick profile.
Figure 10 shows that cigarette of the present invention binary compound filter candle process equipment, be used for the production of cigarette with fine filter stick of vinegar and active carbon hollow filter stick binary compound filter candle.Described cigarette comprises that with the binary compound filter candle process equipment active carbon hollow filter stick is cut arrangement unit 25, the fine filter stick of vinegar is cut and arranged unit 26, compound bar shaped device 37 and compound bar cutter sweep 34, described compound bar shaped device 37 comprises compound bar forming cavity 31 and forming paper device 36, cuts to arrange at active carbon hollow filter stick and cuts the active carbon hollow filter rod segments that obtains in the unit 25, cuts to arrange at the fine filter stick of vinegar and cut the outer wrapping formable layer paper that processing obtains in fine filter rod segments of the vinegar that obtains and the forming paper device 36 in the unit 26 and import compound bar forming cavity 31.Use this device fabrication cigarette to be: to cut by active carbon hollow filter stick respectively and arrange unit 25 and the fine filter stick of vinegar and cut and arrange unit 26 with the technological process of binary compound filter candle, the fine filter rod segments of active carbon hollow filter rod segments 5 and vinegar was cut to the length of designing institute requirement in 4 minutes, alternate then borrow to close be transported to compound bar shaped device 37 after the arrangement and finish cigarette with fine filter stick of vinegar and the rectangular shaping work of active carbon hollow filter stick binary compound filter candle cylinder, by compound bar cutter sweep 34 cigarette is cut into the desired respective length of design with fine filter stick of vinegar and active carbon hollow filter stick binary compound filter candle again, promptly get described cigarette binary compound filter candle.
When processing cigarette of the present invention and using binary compound filter candle, comprise active carbon hollow stick molding procedure, cutting action, forming paper parcel operation, compound working procedure is characterized in that cigarette carries out according to following steps with the production method of fine filter stick of vinegar and active carbon hollow filter stick binary compound filter candle:
S1, bonding agent produce pressure and flow velocity through the pressurization back, and after itself and activated carbon granule are converged and mixing, entering active carbon hollow plug forming cavity, to carry out profile moulding, enter again active carbon hollow stick shaped device embark on journey for active carbon hollow plug rectangular;
Wherein, described pressure is between 0.4Kg~1.8Kg;
S2, with active carbon hollow filter stick rectangular cut into by the design desired length, make active carbon hollow filter stick and place on the filter stick transmitting device standby;
S3, cut at active carbon hollow filter stick and to arrange on the unit, active carbon hollow filter stick is cut into active carbon hollow filter rod segments; Cut on the arrangement unit at the fine filter stick of vinegar, cellulose acetate filter rod of the prior art is cut into the cellulose acetate filter rod section; After then active carbon hollow filter rod segments and cellulose acetate filter rod spacer segment being arranged, import in the compound bar forming cavity, and by the forming paper device on the compound bar shaped device outer wrapping layer is wrapped in outside it, thereby the production smoke is rectangular with fine filter stick of vinegar and active carbon hollow filter stick binary compound filter candle;
Wherein, it is bonding that described forming paper device adopts PUR;
Wherein, described forming paper is a high porosity plug wrap paper;
S4, cigarette is cut on cutter sweep by designing desired length with fine filter stick of vinegar and active carbon hollow filter stick binary compound filter candle are rectangular, thereby make described cigarette binary compound filter candle.

Claims (8)

1. cigarette binary compound filter candle, comprise acetate fiber and active carbon hollow filter stick binary recombiner unit, outer wrapping layer and interior integument, it is characterized in that: described acetate fiber is by the alternate cylinder of forming that engages with active carbon hollow filter rod segments of cellulose acetate filter rod section with active carbon hollow filter stick binary recombiner unit; Integument is wrapped on the described cellulose acetate filter rod section in described, and described outer wrapping layer is wrapped on described interior integument and the described active carbon hollow filter rod segments.
2. cigarette binary compound filter candle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described active carbon hollow filter rod segments by granular active carbon by bonding, the manufacturing of plastic process flow process forms, inside is the cylinder of column cavity.
3. cigarette binary compound filter candle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the column cavity cross section of described active carbon hollow filter rod segments is circle, triangle, pentagon, octagon, rhombus, pentalpha, circle or cross.
4. a cigarette is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps with the processing method of binary compound filter candle:
S1, bonding agent produce pressure and flow velocity through the pressurization back, and after itself and activated carbon granule are converged and mixing, entering active carbon hollow plug forming cavity, to carry out profile moulding, enter again active carbon hollow stick shaped device embark on journey for active carbon hollow plug rectangular;
S2, with active carbon hollow filter stick rectangular cut into by the design desired length, make active carbon hollow filter stick and place on the filter stick transmitting device standby;
S3, cut at active carbon hollow filter stick and to arrange on the unit, active carbon hollow filter stick is cut into active carbon hollow filter rod segments; Cut on the arrangement unit at the fine filter stick of vinegar, cellulose acetate filter rod of the prior art is cut into the cellulose acetate filter rod section; After then active carbon hollow filter rod segments and cellulose acetate filter rod spacer segment being arranged, import in the compound bar forming cavity, and by the forming paper device on the compound bar shaped device outer wrapping layer is wrapped in outside it, thereby the production smoke is rectangular with fine filter stick of vinegar and active carbon hollow filter stick binary compound filter candle;
S4, cigarette is cut on cutter sweep by designing desired length with fine filter stick of vinegar and active carbon hollow filter stick binary compound filter candle are rectangular, thereby make described cigarette binary compound filter candle.
5. processing method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described forming paper device adopts PUR bonding.
6. processing method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described forming paper is a high porosity plug wrap paper.
7. an active carbon hollow filter-stick forming device is characterized in that: comprise the moulding device of active carbon hollow stick, active carbon hollow filter stick formation unit and cutter sweep; The moulding device of described active carbon hollow stick comprises bonding agent basin, force (forcing) pump, active carbon basin and the moulding chamber of active carbon hollow stick profile, described bonding agent basin is communicated with the active carbon basin through force (forcing) pump, and the active carbon in the active carbon basin is communicated with the feed(raw material)inlet of bonding agent Mixed Zone with the moulding chamber of active carbon hollow stick profile; The moulding device of described active carbon hollow stick links to each other with described active carbon hollow filter stick formation unit, and described active carbon hollow filter stick formation unit links to each other with described cutter sweep.
8. cigarette binary compound filter candle process equipment, it is characterized in that: comprise that active carbon hollow filter stick cuts the arrangement unit, the fine filter stick of vinegar is cut and is arranged unit, compound bar shaped device and compound bar cutter sweep, described compound bar shaped device comprises compound bar forming cavity and forming paper device, cuts to arrange at active carbon hollow filter stick and cuts the active carbon hollow filter rod segments that obtains in the unit, cuts to arrange at the fine filter stick of vinegar and cut the outer wrapping formable layer paper that processing obtains in fine filter rod segments of the vinegar that obtains and the forming paper device in the unit and import the compound bar forming cavity.
CN2013101210981A 2013-04-09 2013-04-09 Binary composite filter rod for cigarettes and processing method and equipment thereof Pending CN103222682A (en)

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104034851A (en) * 2014-06-09 2014-09-10 云南省烟草质量监督检测站 Solvent identification method for cigarette tows
CN104770874A (en) * 2015-03-21 2015-07-15 南通烟滤嘴有限责任公司 Hollow filter stick and production method thereof
CN105876854A (en) * 2015-06-10 2016-08-24 江苏大亚滤嘴材料有限公司 Hollow specially-shaped ternary filter stick and manufacturing method thereof
CN107568790A (en) * 2017-10-23 2018-01-12 上海聚华科技股份有限公司 Cigarette filter tip and cigarette containing zeolite perfume (or spice) pearl zeolite perfume (or spice) pearl preparation method
CN107713006A (en) * 2017-09-19 2018-02-23 南通烟滤嘴有限责任公司 The complex method and its set composite of firmware filter stick
CN108135256A (en) * 2015-11-12 2018-06-08 菲利普莫里斯生产公司 Multicompartment aerosol forms product
CN109007970A (en) * 2018-09-13 2018-12-18 广东中烟工业有限责任公司 It is a kind of improve flue gas moisture feeling cigarette filter rod and its preparation cigarette
CN109938403A (en) * 2019-04-02 2019-06-28 云南瑞升烟草技术(集团)有限公司 The preparation method of integrally formed honeycomb cigarette filter tip rod
CN110037343A (en) * 2019-05-20 2019-07-23 焦作市卷烟材料有限公司 Three-element composite filter core and its processing method
CN112273710A (en) * 2020-10-23 2021-01-29 江苏中烟工业有限责任公司 Cigarette with porous material for improving cigarette combustion performance and preparation method thereof
CN114983017A (en) * 2022-05-24 2022-09-02 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 Outer hollow filter rod filled with inner core and processing method thereof

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CN102144812A (en) * 2011-05-10 2011-08-10 袁继发 Ceramic cigarette filter stick
TW201143642A (en) * 2010-06-01 2011-12-16 Philip Morris Prod Filter design for improving sensory profile of carbon filter-tipped smoking articles

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104034851A (en) * 2014-06-09 2014-09-10 云南省烟草质量监督检测站 Solvent identification method for cigarette tows
CN104034851B (en) * 2014-06-09 2016-03-16 云南省烟草质量监督检测站 A kind of solvent discrimination method of pipe tobacco
CN104770874A (en) * 2015-03-21 2015-07-15 南通烟滤嘴有限责任公司 Hollow filter stick and production method thereof
CN104770874B (en) * 2015-03-21 2018-05-15 南通烟滤嘴有限责任公司 Hollow filter stick and its manufacture method
CN105876854A (en) * 2015-06-10 2016-08-24 江苏大亚滤嘴材料有限公司 Hollow specially-shaped ternary filter stick and manufacturing method thereof
CN108135256A (en) * 2015-11-12 2018-06-08 菲利普莫里斯生产公司 Multicompartment aerosol forms product
CN107713006A (en) * 2017-09-19 2018-02-23 南通烟滤嘴有限责任公司 The complex method and its set composite of firmware filter stick
CN107568790A (en) * 2017-10-23 2018-01-12 上海聚华科技股份有限公司 Cigarette filter tip and cigarette containing zeolite perfume (or spice) pearl zeolite perfume (or spice) pearl preparation method
CN109007970A (en) * 2018-09-13 2018-12-18 广东中烟工业有限责任公司 It is a kind of improve flue gas moisture feeling cigarette filter rod and its preparation cigarette
CN109007970B (en) * 2018-09-13 2021-04-20 广东中烟工业有限责任公司 Cigarette filter stick capable of improving smoke moistening feeling and cigarette prepared from cigarette filter stick
CN109938403A (en) * 2019-04-02 2019-06-28 云南瑞升烟草技术(集团)有限公司 The preparation method of integrally formed honeycomb cigarette filter tip rod
CN110037343A (en) * 2019-05-20 2019-07-23 焦作市卷烟材料有限公司 Three-element composite filter core and its processing method
CN110037343B (en) * 2019-05-20 2022-04-12 焦作市卷烟材料有限公司 Ternary composite filter stick and processing method thereof
CN112273710A (en) * 2020-10-23 2021-01-29 江苏中烟工业有限责任公司 Cigarette with porous material for improving cigarette combustion performance and preparation method thereof
CN114983017A (en) * 2022-05-24 2022-09-02 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 Outer hollow filter rod filled with inner core and processing method thereof
CN114983017B (en) * 2022-05-24 2023-08-22 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 Inner core filled outer hollow filter stick and processing method thereof

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Application publication date: 20130731