CN103222564A - Forage utilizing bamboo shoot processing residues, and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Forage utilizing bamboo shoot processing residues, and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A forage utilizing bamboo shoot processing residues is prepared through fermenting raw materials comprising the bamboo shoot processing residues, salt, corn flour and urea; and the water content of the bamboo shoot processing residues is 65-70wt%, the application amount of salt accounts for 0.5wt% of the amount of bamboo shoot processing residues, the application amount of the corn flour accounts for 3-4wt% of the amount of the bamboo shoot processing residues, and the application amount of urea accounts for 0.5-1.5wt% of the bamboo shoot processing residues. The shelf life of the forage utilizing bamboo shoot processing residues is prolonged to above 1 year from current 2-3 months, the nutritional components and the palatability of the forage are greatly improved, and the main physical and chemical indexes and the nutritional component contents of the silage forage are characterized in that the water content is not greater than 70%, the pH value is 3.5-4.1, the lactic acid content is not lower than 2% (accounting for the amount of the dry forage), the butyric acid content is 0, the content of crude proteins (CP) is not lower than 10% (accounting for the amount of the dry forage), the content of crude fibers (CF) is 22-25% (accounting for the amount of the dry forage), the content of neutral detergent fibers (NDF) is 53-62%, and the content of acidic detergent fibers (ADF) is 30-42%.
Description
The present patent application be at application number be 201110342898.7, the applying date is on November 03rd, 2011, the application people dividing an application for Southwestern University.
Technical field
The present invention relates to the feed processing technology field, particularly ensilage of a kind of feeding beef cattle and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Bamboo shoots are traditional delicacies of China, are described as " mountain delicacy ".China's bamboo shoot output occupies first place in the world, and bamboo shoot output just reached 5,000,000～6,000,000 tons in 2006.Owing to go out bamboo shoot time weak point, concentrate, except that marketing fresh, about 60% bamboo shoots produce can bamboo shoot and dried bamboo shoots etc. as processing raw material.In process, the bamboo shoot joint part of rejecting bamboo shoot shell and inedibility is called " bamboo shoots industrial wood waste ", its amount accounts for more than 50% of bamboo shoots; As calculating the annual bamboo shoots industrial wood waste that then has more than 2,500,000 tons in the whole nation by 50%.Bamboo shoots industrial wood waste moisture is big, and temperature height, the rainfall in bamboo shoots processing simultaneously season are big, and be easily corrupt rotten as untimely processing; Most processing enterprises abandon it as refuse, become environomental pollution source.
The fiber content height of bamboo shoots industrial wood waste, lignin are low, are the good feed resources of ruminant (ox, sheep etc.); But not treated, the one, quality is thick and stiff, palatability is poor, and the 2nd, easily corrupt rotten.Some are arranged about using the test report of bamboo shoots industrial wood waste exploitation feed both at home and abroad, subject matter: the one, directly utilize the bamboo shoots industrial wood waste to process, because of bamboo shoots industrial wood waste water content height (80%～90%), the feed inconvenience after the processing is stored and is utilized; The 2nd, mainly adopt ammonification, enzymolysis way, there are problems such as method complexity, cost height; The 3rd, not enough to the analysis of bamboo shoots industrial wood waste material characteristic, but low etc. as fermented organic content, to the auxiliary material screening imperfection of its feed development, being difficult to reach preferably, feed prepares effect.Simultaneously, for the preparation of bamboo shoots industrial wood waste ensilage, do not see relevant report as yet.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the ensilage of a kind of feeding beef cattle.
Another object of the present invention is to provide above-mentioned feeding beef cattle preparing silage.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
The ensilage of a kind of feeding beef cattle is characterized in that: it is to be that fermenting raw materials makes with bamboo shoots industrial wood waste, salt, corn flour and urea; Described bamboo shoots industrial wood waste water content is 65%～70%, by weight percentage.
Preferably, above-mentioned salt consumption accounts for 0.5% of bamboo shoots industrial wood waste, and the corn flour consumption accounts for 3～4% of bamboo shoots industrial wood waste, and amount of urea accounts for 0.5～1.5% of bamboo shoots industrial wood waste, all by weight percentage.
The bamboo shoots processed is to prolong storage period among the present invention, and salt improves palatability in the auxiliary material, corn flour is beneficial to ammonification as the carbon source, the urea that are beneficial to fermentation and handles; Wherein each adjunct ingredient is selected and is worthy of careful study very much with the usage ratio of bamboo shoots industrial wood waste; We are in R﹠D process, in order effectively to prolong period of storage, also in auxiliary material, added formic acid, acid poisoning can appear but acidity is too big all the time at last, livestock is edible for a long time, the inventor through lot of experiments final adopt above-mentioned adjunct ingredient and usage ratio to make the feeding beef cattle ensilage period of storage that makes be 1 year, palatability and nutritive value good.
Bamboo shoots industrial wood waste of the present invention: new fresh bamboo shoots or the bamboo shoots after boiling, the bamboo shoot shell of rejecting and the bamboo shoot of inedibility joint part.
In order further to improve the mouthfeel and the nutritive value thereof of the feeding beef cattle ensilage of the present invention, the raw material of the feeding beef cattle ensilage of the present invention is preferably: above-mentioned salt consumption accounts for 0.5% of bamboo shoots industrial wood waste, the corn flour consumption accounts for 3.0% of bamboo shoots industrial wood waste, amount of urea accounts for 1.0% of bamboo shoots industrial wood waste, all by weight percentage.
Above-mentioned feeding beef cattle preparing silage, silk, extrusion drainage are pulverized, rubbed to above-mentioned major ingredient bamboo shoots industrial wood waste, add above-mentioned auxiliary material then, mixing and stirring, bundling, overlay film or adopt cellar for storing things storage fermentation: temperature reach 30 ℃ and more than, fermentation time 20～30 days; Temperature is at 25 ℃～30 ℃, fermentation time 25～35 days.
Equipment involved in the present invention and facility: pulverize kneading machine, squeezing dewatering machine, mixing and blending machine and horizental silo (if adopt the overlay film ensiling, need ensiling garden bundle machine, circle bundle coating machine), required machinery and facility all are conventional equipment or conventional ensiling facility.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, the feeding beef cattle ensilage shelf-life of the present invention extended on existing 2～3 months basis more than 1 year, and the moisture of finished feed reduces by 10～15 percentage points, and feed nutrient and palatability are greatly improved.2, the feeding beef cattle ensilage of the present invention nutritive value is good, palatability is good, its main physical and chemical index and nutritional labeling: moisture≤70%, pH3.5～4.1, lactic acid content 〉=2%(accounts for dry %), butyric acid does not have and detects crude protein 〉=10%(CP, account for dry %), crude fibre 22%～25%(CF accounts for dry %), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) 53%～62%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) 30%～42%.
The specific embodiment
Below by embodiment the present invention is specifically described; be necessary to be pointed out that at this following examples only are used for that the invention will be further described; can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention; the person skilled in the art in this field makes some nonessential improvement and adjustment according to the invention described above content to the present invention, still belongs to protection domain of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of feeding beef cattle ensilage, buying sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot industrial wood waste, corn flour, salt, urea are raw material; Wherein sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot industrial wood waste after crushed, press dewatering (the bamboo shoots industrial wood waste moisture after the dehydration is 67%), add salt 0.5%, corn flour 3%, the urea 1% that accounts for the bamboo shoots industrial wood waste by weight percentage, stirring and evenly mixing, bundling, overlay film fermentation make.
Embodiment 2:
In 30 days, 60 days, 90 days, 120 days, 150 days, 200 days, 300 days, got the ensilage of embodiment 1 gained in 390 days, through subjective appreciation and lab analysis, show that the feed of preparation is quality silage, specific as follows:
(1), the sense organ authentication method is undertaken by table 1, table 2.
The organoleptic quality of table 1 ensilage evaluate submeter
Table 2 rating is divided
| Grade | Excellent | Well | Generally | Inferior |
| Score | 100～76 | 75～51 | 50～26 | Below 25 |
In sampling in 30 days, 60 days, 90 days, 120 days, 150 days, 200 days, 300 days, 390 days, mensuration showed: pH3.6～4.1, moisture 65%～66%, keep the delicate fragrance of bamboo shoots and have comfortable wine flavour, yellow, quality is loose tack-free, no Separation of Solid and Liquid phenomenon.Comprehensive grading is between 83～92; Subjective appreciation is excellent.
(2), lab analysis: in sampling in 30 days, 60 days, 90 days, 120 days, 150 days, 200 days, 300 days, 390 days, measure lactic acid, acetate, butyric acid, NH3-N content, calculate comprehensive invocation point between 82～89.Rating is excellent.
(3), nutrient component determining: see Table 3.
Table 3 ensiling (ammonification) sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot nutritional labeling
Embodiment 3:
Select first-filial generation (F1) bull of 12 body weight, Xi Mentaer * this bamboo top that body condition is close for use, be divided into 2 processing at random, each handles 6, is respectively test group and control group.The basal diet of test group and control group fed is identical, coarse fodder feed respectively ensilage, the straw of embodiment 1 gained.The result shows: the search for food every day ensilage 10～15kg of embodiment 1 gained of every beef cattle increases feed intake, improves daily gain, increases and culture income than the beef cattle of the straw of feeding; Specific as follows:
One, materials and methods
1, experimental animal and test are handled
12 12 monthly ages are selected in this research for use, first-filial generation (F1) bull of body weight, Xi Mentaer * this bamboo top that body condition is close.Adopt the random packet experimental design, be divided into 2 processing at random, each handles 6, is respectively test group and control group.The basal diet of test group and control group fed is identical, coarse fodder feed respectively ensiling (ammonification) sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot industrial wood waste and straw.
2, test diet
The test diet be reference with national beef cattle feeding standard (2004), designs according to the increase weight every day nutritional need of 700g of 200kg body weight beef cattle.The concentrate supplement prescription sees Table 4.Wherein each raw material nutritive value adopts measured value to be prepared, and the nutritive value of the coarse fodder of test group and control group---ensiling (ammonification) sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot industrial wood waste and straw is measured and seen Table 5.
Table 4 concentrate supplement is formed and trophic level
Annotate: a premix constituent analysis guarantee value: Cu (mg/kg): 350～2000Fe (mg/kg): 2000～20000Zn (mg/kg): 2000～11000Mn (mg/kg) 〉=3000VA (IU/kg) 〉=5000VD3 (IU/kg) 〉=400,
bBe measured value
Table 5 coarse fodder nutrient component meter
| Coarse fodder | DM% | CP% | ASH% |
| Straw a | 92.95 | 4.72 | 15.68 |
[0045]?
| Ensiling (ammonification) sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot industrial wood waste a | 31.70 | 12.44 | 9.04 |
aBe measured value
3, feeding and management
This test is carried out in clear stream town, Rongchang County, Chongqing City beef cattle plant, and adopting bolt is the drylot feeding mode, feeds fine fodder 2 times (8:00,16:00) every day, the roughage free choice feeding, fine fodder and coarse fodder all carry out weighing every day feeds, and record fine fodder and coarse fodder feed intake, and feeding is drunk water after half an hour.Grooming every day ox body, cleaning colony house.Test in advance the phase of raising be 10d, during raising in advance to only carrying out health examination for the examination ox, work such as expelling parasite, epidemic prevention processing, numbering.The formal test phase is 45d.
4, testing index and method
(1) mensuration of body chi index
Body chi index is measured when on-test and end respectively
Height: vertical range from hair worn in a bun or coil first peak to ground.Measure with surveying battle.
Body is directly long: the point of shoulder leading edge draws vertical line downwards and the ischial tuberosity trailing edge draws horizontal range between the vertical line downwards, measures with ruler.
Body is tiltedly long: the point of shoulder leading edge is to the distance of ischial tuberosity trailing edge.Measure with surveying battle.
Chest measurement: shoulder blade trailing edge place makes a vertical line, measures around a week with tape measure, and its elasticity slides up and down and is as the criterion can insert forefinger and middle finger.
Circumference of cannon bone: the horizontal Zhou Jing (the thinnest place) at 1/3rd places on the forelimb metacarpal bone, use tape measure.
(2) fatten the mensuration of performance
Body weight: heavy in on-test and end time-division another name, weigh all and carry out before feeding, the drinking-water in the morning.
Feed intake: every day every feedstuff feeding amount to deduct surplus be feed intake.
Daily gain: (fattening end of term weight-fattening period starting weight)/fatten fate.
Material anharmonic ratio: calculate the amount that every weightening finish 1kg consumes total solids.
(3) Economic and Efficiency Analysis
By the diet of market price calculating at that time essence, coarse fodder, beef cattle gross weight price, analyze economic benefit.
5, the statistics of data and analysis
Test data all adopts average ± standard deviation to represent, and utilization SPSS13.0 software carries out X
2Analyze.
Two, result and analysis
1, to the influence of daily gain
This test is in the beef ox fattening Effect on Performance, by table 6 as seen, the initial body weight difference of the selected beef cattle of control group and test group is remarkable (p＞0.05) not, and the heavy test group of telophasic body is higher than control group (p＞0.05), and the daily gain test group is significantly higher than control group (p＜0.05).
Table 6 finished cattle body weight comparison sheet
| Group | Control group | Test group |
| Initial body weight | 219.68±12.63 | 213.96±10.71 |
| Latter stage body weight | 245.96±13.90 | 253.08±12.26 |
| Daily gain (kg) | 0.58±0.08 a | 0.87±0.08 b |
Notes: what colleague's average was annotated same letter is difference not remarkable (P＞0.05), and what difference was alphabetical is significant difference (P＜0.05)
2, to the influence of body chi index
In the whole test phase, the tiltedly long growth aspect of body, other each index difference of test group and control group significant difference (p＜0.05) be not remarkable (p＞0.05) all, but the trend (table 7, table 8) of growth is all arranged.
Table 7 finished cattle body chi tables of data
| Project | Be worth the whole story | Control group | Test group |
| Body is directly long | Initial value | 103.80±2.18 | 103.52±1.07 |
| ? | Be worth latter stage | 108.24±2.58 | 110.34±2.08 |
| Circumference of cannon bone | Initial value | 15.90±0.79 | 15.94±1.10 |
| ? | Be worth latter stage | 17.94±0.97 | 18.00±1.65 |
| Height | Initial value | 100.40±2.80 | 100.14±3.15 |
| ? | Be worth latter stage | 106.40±0.94 | 107.78±1.81 |
| Chest measurement | Initial value | 136.70±3.25 | 134.14±4.36 |
| ? | Be worth latter stage | 142.24±1.43 | 140.62±4.31 |
| Body is tiltedly long | Initial value | 110.00±4.51 | 107.20±2.37 |
| ? | Be worth latter stage | 114.32±4.78 | 114.60±1.84 |
| Chest breadth | Initial value | 27.98±2.75 | 25.74±1.55 |
| ? | Be worth latter stage | 29.44±2.81 | 28.38±1.69 |
Table 8 finished cattle body chi increment (cm)
| Project | Control group | Test group |
| Body is directly long | 4.44±1.53 | 6.82±2.25 |
| Circumference of cannon bone | 2.04±0.55 | 2.06±0.81 |
| Height | 6.00±2.01 | 7.64±2.19 |
| Chest measurement | 5.54±2.78 | 6.48±1.51 |
| Body is tiltedly long | 4.32±1.16 a | 7.40±1.00 b |
| Chest breadth | 1.46±1.23 | 2.64±0.85 |
Annotate: the numerical value in the table is represented in the mode of mean ± SD, there is identical person to represent difference not remarkable (p＞0.05) with line data shoulder motes letter in the table, the complete different persons of letter represent that difference is extremely remarkable, lowercase and expression reach the level of signifiance (0.01＜p＜0.05), and capitalization represents to reach the utmost point level of signifiance (p＜0.01).
3, to the influence of feed intake
As shown in Table 9, the daily ingestion amount test group of fine fodder and control group difference is remarkable (p＞0.05) not, and whole test step-by-step test beef cattle mental status is good, and it is comparatively stable to search for food; The feed intake test group of coarse fodder is significantly higher than control group (P＜0.05); DM total stuff amount test group is significantly higher than control group (p＜0.05).The test group daily gain is significantly higher than control group (P＜0.05), and test group has improved 37%(p＞0.05 than control group daily gain).The feedstuff-meat ratio of test group is lower than control group (p＞0.05).
Table 9 experimental period feed intake, daily gain and material anharmonic ratio
| Project | Control group | Test group |
| Fine fodder daily ingestion amount (kg) (DM) | 2.28±0.03 | 2.28±0.03 |
| Coarse fodder daily ingestion amount (kg) (DM) | 1.65±0.23 a | 3.10±0.12 b |
| DM intake (kg) | 3.93±0.13 a | 5.38±0.11 b |
| Daily gain (kg) | 0.58±0.08 a | 0.87±0.08 b |
| Average material anharmonic ratio (%) | 6.78±0.41 | 6.18±0.27 |
Notes: what colleague's average was annotated same letter is difference not remarkable (P＞0.05), and that difference is alphabetical is significant difference (P＜0.05=
4, economic benefit
(1) cost accounting
This tests used fine fodder price is 1 yuan/kg.The price of ensiling (ammonification) sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot industrial wood waste is 0.3 yuan/kg.The dry rice straw price is 0.2 yuan/kg.The feeding cost of test group and control group ox every day sees Table 10.The cost of feeding the every day of test group is higher 0.56 yuan than control group.
Table 10 finished cattle feeding cost comparison sheet
| Group | The consumption fine fodder amount of money/unit | Consumption coarse fodder/kg | Unit price/unit/kg | Totle drilling cost/unit |
| Control group | 2.28 | 1.77 | 0.20 | 2.63 |
| Test group | 2.28 | 9.79 | 0.30 | 5.22 |
(2) benefit contrast
As can be seen from Table 11, every of test group obtains 7.83 yuan of gross profits day, and every of control group obtains 6.07 yuan of gross profits day, and test group has improved 1.76 yuan than control group.Therefore, use ensiling (ammonification) sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot industrial wood waste to replace the straw beef cattle of feeding to increase economic efficiency.
The only equal benefit contrast table of ox is respectively organized in table 11 test
Three, experimental result:
Green ramie bamboo shoots industrial wood waste energy of the present invention remarkable (p＜0.05) raising finished cattle daily gain and body are tiltedly long, other body chi indexs are had the trend of raising; Improve the culture benefit of finished cattle; It has good palatability, and significantly (p＜0.05) improves the DM food-intake of finished cattle roughage, is the excellent roughage of beef cattle.
Embodiment 4:
A kind of feeding beef cattle ensilage, buying sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot industrial wood waste, corn flour, salt, urea are raw material; Wherein sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot industrial wood waste after crushed, press dewatering (the bamboo shoots industrial wood waste moisture after the dehydration is 70%), add salt 0.5%, corn flour 4%, the urea 1.5% that accounts for the bamboo shoots industrial wood waste by weight percentage, stirring and evenly mixing, bundling, overlay film fermentation make.Through above-mentioned subjective appreciation and experimental analysis, the feed that shows preparation is a quality silage.
Embodiment 5:
A kind of feeding beef cattle ensilage, buying sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot industrial wood waste, corn flour, salt, urea are raw material; Wherein sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot industrial wood waste after crushed, press dewatering (the bamboo shoots industrial wood waste moisture after the dehydration is 65%), add salt 0.5%, corn flour 3.2%, the urea 0.5% that accounts for the bamboo shoots industrial wood waste by weight percentage, stirring and evenly mixing, bundling, overlay film fermentation make.Through above-mentioned subjective appreciation and experimental analysis, the feed that shows preparation is a quality silage.
Embodiment 6:
A kind of feeding beef cattle ensilage, buying sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot industrial wood waste, corn flour, salt, urea are raw material; Wherein sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot industrial wood waste after crushed, press dewatering (the bamboo shoots industrial wood waste moisture after the dehydration is 66%), add salt 0.5%, corn flour 3.5%, the urea 1.2% that accounts for the bamboo shoots industrial wood waste by weight percentage, stirring and evenly mixing, bundling, overlay film fermentation make.Through above-mentioned subjective appreciation and experimental analysis, the feed that shows preparation is a quality silage.
Claims (2)
1. feed that utilizes the bamboo shoots industrial wood waste, it is characterized in that: it is that to adopt sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot industrial wood waste, corn flour, salt, urea be raw material, wherein sinocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoot industrial wood waste after crushed, press dewatering (the bamboo shoots industrial wood waste moisture after the dehydration is 66%), add about 3.5%, the urea 1.2% of salt 0.5%, the corn flour account for the bamboo shoots industrial wood waste by weight percentage, stirring and evenly mixing, bundling, overlay film fermentation make.
2. utilize the preparation method of the feed of bamboo shoots industrial wood waste according to claim 1, silk, extrusion drainage are pulverized, rubbed to above-mentioned major ingredient bamboo shoots industrial wood waste, add above-mentioned auxiliary material then, mixing and stirring, bundling, overlay film or adopt cellar for storing things storage fermentation: temperature reach 30 ℃ and more than, fermentation time 20～30 days; Temperature is at 25 ℃～30 ℃, fermentation time 25～35 days.
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| CN2013101690512A CN103222564A (en) | 2011-11-03 | 2011-11-03 | Forage utilizing bamboo shoot processing residues, and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103461658A (en) * | 2013-08-16 | 2013-12-25 | 浙江大学 | Method for preparing commercial silage fodder by utilizing waste asparagus officinalis l. stalks |
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| JP2000224960A (en) * | 1999-02-05 | 2000-08-15 | Sanwa:Kk | Feed or food obtained by pulverizing bamboo |
| KR20100137887A (en) * | 2009-06-23 | 2010-12-31 | 조규성 | Assistance feed for domestic animals using loess and seaweed extracts and method for fabricating the same |
| CN102125167A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-07-20 | 浙江大学 | Method for preparing bamboo shell feed by using waste bamboo shells |
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2011
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| JP2000224960A (en) * | 1999-02-05 | 2000-08-15 | Sanwa:Kk | Feed or food obtained by pulverizing bamboo |
| KR20100137887A (en) * | 2009-06-23 | 2010-12-31 | 조규성 | Assistance feed for domestic animals using loess and seaweed extracts and method for fabricating the same |
| CN102125167A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-07-20 | 浙江大学 | Method for preparing bamboo shell feed by using waste bamboo shells |
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Application publication date: 20130731 |