CN103199670B - Magnetic fluid electric generator taking low-melting-point gallium alloy as electricity generating working medium - Google Patents
Magnetic fluid electric generator taking low-melting-point gallium alloy as electricity generating working medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN103199670B CN103199670B CN201310054820.4A CN201310054820A CN103199670B CN 103199670 B CN103199670 B CN 103199670B CN 201310054820 A CN201310054820 A CN 201310054820A CN 103199670 B CN103199670 B CN 103199670B
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Abstract
Provided is a magnetic fluid electric generator taking low-melting-point gallium alloy as an electricity generation working medium. A main piston (5) and a main piston shaft (4) are arranged in a main hydraulic cylinder (1) in a coaxial mode. An upper auxiliary piston (7) and a lower auxiliary piston (8) are respectively arranged in an upper auxiliary hydraulic cylinder (2) and a lower auxiliary hydraulic cylinder (3) in a coaxial mode. Two ends of the upper auxiliary hydraulic cylinder (2) and two ends of the lower auxiliary hydraulic cylinder (3) are respectively communicated with the main hydraulic cylinder (1) and a magnetic fluid electricity generating passage (9). The magnetic fluid electricity generating passage (9) penetrates through a magnetic hole of a magnetic body (11). A pair of flat type electrodes (12) are tightly stuck to the inner wall of the magnetic fluid electricity generating passage (9) in a symmetrical mode, and the inner wall of the magnetic fluid electricity generating passage (9) is parallel to a field direction. Hydraulic oil (6) is filled into the upper portion of the main hydraulic cylinder (1) and the upper portion (2-1) of the upper auxiliary hydraulic cylinder (2). The hydraulic oil (6) is filled into the lower portion of the main hydraulic cylinder (1) and the lower portion (3-1) of the lower auxiliary hydraulic cylinder (3). The electricity generation working medium (10) is filled into the communicated space between the upper auxiliary piston (7) and the lower auxiliary piston (8), and the electricity generation working medium (10) is the low-melting-point gallium alloy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of liquid-metal MHD generator.
Technical background
United States Patent (USP) 5473205 proposes a kind of reciprocating liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic (Liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic, LMMHD) automobile engine that can change discharge capacity according to power of vehicle requirement, starts the research of reciprocating LMMHD generator.This engine has 4 pistons, adopts channel structure; Liquid metal seals by the free piston at each passage two ends; The inner carrier that promotion liquid metal (liquid K or Na) is moved adopts magnetic couplings with the outer piston moved by conventional combustion process.Internal combustion stroke alternately drives liquid metal linear reciprocating motion in MHD passage, cutting magnetic line, produces AC energy.Subsequently, reciprocating LMMHD generator starts to be applied in change discharge capacity car engine, distributed power supply and wave-energy power generation.
Reciprocating LMMHD generator utilizes the liquid metal being sealed in the high conductivity of MHD channel interior as generating working medium, achieves high generated output density and generating efficiency.Thus, the physicochemical characteristic of liquid metal, as chemical stability, fusing point, density, conductivity, magnetic permeability, viscosity and conductive coefficient, affects the application prospect of the structure of reciprocating LMMHD generator, runnability and this technology to a great extent.At present, selectable generating working medium has mercury (mercury), U47 and Na-K alloy.Mercury is uniquely in a liquid state at normal temperatures and runny metal, and the mercuryvapour that Chinese patent CN1202758A adopts high-temperature injection to produce is as generating working medium, and equipment is complicated, and generating efficiency is not high.This is mainly because the very large (13.5939g/cm of the density of mercury
3), and conductivity is only 1.03 × 10
6s/m, is used for the kinetic energy of mercury itself and the Joule heat loss of internal resistance in input energy greatly.In addition, mercury is hypertoxic metal, has high volatile volatile, and potential safety hazard is very big.Chinese patent CN101718247A and Chinese patent CN101571097 uses Na-K alloy or U47 as generating working medium.U47 is the alloy with Bi, Pb, In, Sn and Cd preparation, fusing point 47 ° of C, density 8.8g/cm
3, time liquid, conductivity is 1.67 × 10
6s/m.Under normal temperature, U47 is solid-state, so in a particular application, as in wave energy generating set, will consider the heating problems of U47, not only reduces the operability of Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) and adds the complexity of Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT).The fusing point of Na-K alloy is-11 ° of C, and density is 0.875g/cm
3, conductivity is 2.6 × 10
6s/m, from density and fusing point, is well suited for the generating working medium as reciprocating LMMHD electricity generation system.But Na-K alloy is very active, and long-time exposure air spontaneous combustion can occur, meets water and then violent explosion can occur.Thus, Na-K alloy just proposes very high requirement to the assembly environment of Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) and sealing, limits its scope of application.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the shortcoming overcoming prior art, propose a kind of low melting point gallium alloy that uses as the reciprocating Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator of working medium.
The present invention forms primarily of main hydraulic cylinder, main piston, main piston axle, upper and lower secondary hydraulic cylinder, magnet, magnetohydrodynamic generation passage, pair of plates type electrode, generating working medium, upper and lower auxiliary piston and hydraulic oil.Main hydraulic cylinder and upper and lower secondary hydraulic cylinder are cylindrical.Main piston and main piston axle are coaxially placed in main hydraulic cylinder.Without coupking shaft between upper and lower auxiliary piston, upper and lower auxiliary piston is coaxially placed in upper and lower secondary hydraulic cylinder respectively.One end of upper and lower secondary hydraulic cylinder is communicated with main hydraulic cylinder respectively, the other end of upper and lower secondary hydraulic cylinder respectively with magnetohydrodynamic generation channel connection; Magnetohydrodynamic generation passage is through the bore of magnet.Main hydraulic cylinder and upper and lower secondary hydraulic cylinder are divided into upper and lower two spaces by main piston and upper and lower auxiliary piston respectively; The upper space of main hydraulic cylinder is communicated with the upper space of upper secondary hydraulic cylinder, and the upper space of main hydraulic cylinder and the upper space of upper secondary hydraulic cylinder are full of hydraulic oil.The lower space of main hydraulic cylinder is communicated with the lower space of lower secondary hydraulic cylinder, and the lower space of main hydraulic cylinder and the lower space of lower secondary hydraulic cylinder are full of hydraulic oil.Connected space between upper and lower auxiliary piston is full of generating working medium.One end and the main piston of main piston axle connect firmly, and the other end of main piston axle stretches out from the upper end of main hydraulic cylinder, is connected with outside reciprocating driver, as the float moved up and down with wave.The lower end of upper secondary hydraulic cylinder is connected with the upper end of magnetohydrodynamic generation passage, and the inside radius in the cross section of this junction reduces gradually to the flat pole upper end of power channel; The upper end of lower secondary hydraulic cylinder is connected with magnetohydrodynamic generation passage lower end, and the inside radius in the cross section of this junction reduces gradually to the flat pole lower end of power channel.Magnet is dipolar, produces the magnetic field perpendicular with generating working medium flow direction.Pair of plates type electrode is close on inwall parallel with magnetic direction in magnetohydrodynamic generation passage symmetrically.Generating working medium employing fusing point is the gallium alloy of 5 ° of C, and the density of gallium alloy is 6.4g/cm
3, conductivity is 3.4 × 10
6s/m, be liquid under normal temperature, chemical stability is good.
Operation principle of the present invention and the course of work as follows:
When external force drives main piston to move upward, by the upper space of upper for the press-in of the hydraulic oil in main hydraulic cylinder internal upper part space secondary hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic oil of the upper space of secondary hydraulic cylinder is increased gradually, in promotion, auxiliary piston extrudes the generating working medium in secondary cylinder lower space downwards, thus make generating working medium pass vertical downwards across magnetohydrodynamic generation passage with certain speed, promote lower auxiliary piston to move downward, the hydraulic oil in lower secondary cylinder lower space corresponding with it flows into the lower space of main hydraulic cylinder.Vice versa.Generating working medium back and forth flows in magnetohydrodynamic generation passage, constantly cutting magnetic line, thus produces alternate electric energy, is derived by electrode.
The present invention adopts the gallium alloy of low melting point, low-density, high conductivity as generating working medium, and low melting point makes it at normal temperatures for liquid, simplifies the structure of generator, improves its operability; Its density is about the half of mercury, is about 75% of U47, under identical power output, reduces the driving external force of needs, improves system effectiveness.In addition, gallium alloy nontoxic pollution-free, stable chemical performance, preparation are simple and safe.Therefore power density of the present invention is large, system effectiveness is high, installs simple, small volume, easy to maintenance, the fields such as applicable wave-energy power generation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is liquid magnetofluid electric generator structure schematic diagram of the present invention, in figure: secondary hydraulic cylinder on 1 main hydraulic cylinder, 2,3 times secondary hydraulic cylinders, 4 are main piston axle, 5 is main piston, 6 be auxiliary piston, 8 times auxiliary pistons, 9 magnetohydrodynamic generation passages, 10 generating working medium, 11 magnets on hydraulic oil, 7;
Fig. 2 is magnetohydrodynamic generation access diagram of the present invention, in figure: 9 magnetohydrodynamic generation passages, 10 generating working medium, 11 magnets, 12 flat poles.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with specific embodiment and accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is liquid magnetofluid electric generator structure schematic diagram of the present invention.Liquid-metal MHD generator is primarily of main hydraulic cylinder 1, and main piston 5, main piston axle 4, upper and lower secondary hydraulic cylinder 2,3, magnet 11, magnetohydrodynamic generation passage 9, pair of plates type electrode 12, generating working medium 10, upper auxiliary piston 7, lower auxiliary piston 8 and hydraulic oil 6 form.Main piston 5 and main piston axle 4 are coaxially placed in main hydraulic cylinder; Upper auxiliary piston 7 is placed in secondary hydraulic cylinder 2, and lower auxiliary piston 8 is placed in lower secondary hydraulic cylinder 3, upper auxiliary piston 7 and lower auxiliary piston 8 coaxial.Upper secondary hydraulic cylinder 2 is communicated with main hydraulic cylinder 1 respectively with one end of lower secondary hydraulic cylinder 3, and upper secondary hydraulic cylinder 2 is communicated with magnetohydrodynamic generation passage 9 respectively with the other end of lower secondary hydraulic cylinder 3; Magnetohydrodynamic generation passage 9 is through the bore of magnet 11; Pair of plates type electrode 12 is close on inwall parallel with magnetic direction in magnetohydrodynamic generation passage 9 symmetrically; Main hydraulic cylinder 1 is upper and lower two spaces by main piston 5; Upper secondary hydraulic cylinder 2 is divided into upper and lower two spaces by upper auxiliary piston 7; Lower secondary hydraulic cylinder 3 is divided into upper and lower two spaces by lower auxiliary piston 8; The upper space of main hydraulic cylinder 1 is communicated with the upper space 2-1 of upper secondary hydraulic cylinder 2, the upper space of main hydraulic cylinder 1 and the upper space 2-1 of upper secondary hydraulic cylinder 2 are full of hydraulic oil 6, the lower space of main hydraulic cylinder 1 is communicated with the lower space 3-1 of lower secondary hydraulic cylinder 3, and the lower space of main hydraulic cylinder 1 and the lower space 3-1 of lower secondary hydraulic cylinder 3 are full of hydraulic oil 6.Be communicated with between upper auxiliary piston 7 and lower auxiliary piston 8, the connected space between upper auxiliary piston 7 and lower auxiliary piston 8 is full of generating working medium 10; One end and the main piston 5 of main piston axle 4 connect firmly, and the other end of main piston axle 4 stretches out from the upper end of main hydraulic cylinder 1; Generating working medium 10 adopts low melting point gallium alloy.
Fig. 2 is magnetohydrodynamic generation access diagram of the present invention.Pair of plates type electrode 12 is close on inwall parallel with magnetic direction in magnetohydrodynamic generation passage 9 symmetrically.Low melting point gallium alloy is full of between described flat pole 12.
When external force drives main piston 5 to move upward, the hydraulic oil 6 in main hydraulic cylinder 1 internal upper part space is pressed into the upper space 2-1 of upper secondary hydraulic cylinder 2, the hydraulic oil 6 of the upper space 2-1 of secondary hydraulic cylinder 2 is increased gradually, the generating working medium 10 of upper secondary hydraulic cylinder 2 lower space of auxiliary piston 7 extruding downwards in promotion, thus auxiliary piston 8 moves downward under making generating working medium 10 pass vertical downwards across magnetohydrodynamic generation passage 9 promotion with certain speed, the hydraulic oil 6 of lower secondary hydraulic cylinder 3 lower space 3-1 corresponding with it flows into the lower space of main hydraulic cylinder 1.Vice versa.Generating working medium 10 is back and forth flowing in magnetohydrodynamic generation passage 9, constantly cutting magnetic line, thus produces alternate electric energy, is derived by pair of plates type electrode 12.MHD generator duct of the present invention is long is 120mm, electrode spacing 50mm, and electrode width 5mm, the speed of generating working medium is 15 ~ 20m/s, gallium alloy density 6.4g/cm
3, conductivity 3.4 × 10
6under the condition of S/m, magnetic field intensity 1T, power output 6kW.
Claims (3)
1. the Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator that is generating working medium with low melting point gallium alloy, it is characterized in that: described Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator is primarily of main hydraulic cylinder (1), main piston (5), main piston axle (4), upper and lower secondary hydraulic cylinder (2,3), magnet (11), magnetohydrodynamic generation passage (9), pair of plates type electrode (12), generating working medium (10), upper and lower auxiliary piston (7,8) and hydraulic oil (6) composition; Described main piston (5) and main piston axle (4) are coaxially placed in main hydraulic cylinder (1); Upper auxiliary piston (7) is placed in secondary hydraulic cylinder (2), and lower auxiliary piston (8) is placed in lower secondary hydraulic cylinder (3), and upper auxiliary piston (7) and lower auxiliary piston (8) are coaxially; Upper secondary hydraulic cylinder (2) is communicated with main hydraulic cylinder (1) with one end of lower secondary hydraulic cylinder (3), and upper secondary hydraulic cylinder (2) is communicated with magnetohydrodynamic generation passage (9) with the other end of lower secondary hydraulic cylinder (3); Magnetohydrodynamic generation passage (9) is through the bore of magnet (11); Pair of plates type electrode (12) symmetry is close on inwall parallel with magnetic direction in magnetohydrodynamic generation passage (9); Main hydraulic cylinder (1) is divided into upper and lower two spaces by main piston (5); Upper secondary hydraulic cylinder (2) is divided into upper and lower two spaces by upper auxiliary piston (7); Lower secondary hydraulic cylinder (3) is divided into upper and lower two spaces by lower auxiliary piston (8); The upper space of main hydraulic cylinder (1) is communicated with the upper space (2-1) of upper secondary hydraulic cylinder (2), the upper space of main hydraulic cylinder (1) and the upper space (2-1) of upper secondary hydraulic cylinder (2) are full of hydraulic oil (6), the lower space of main hydraulic cylinder (1) is communicated with the lower space (3-1) of lower secondary hydraulic cylinder (3), and the lower space of main hydraulic cylinder (1) and the lower space (3-1) of lower secondary hydraulic cylinder (3) are full of hydraulic oil (6); Be communicated with between upper auxiliary piston (7) and lower auxiliary piston (8), the connected space between upper auxiliary piston (7) and lower auxiliary piston (8) is full of generating working medium (10); One end and the main piston (5) of main piston axle (4) connect firmly, and the other end of main piston axle (4) stretches out from the upper end of main hydraulic cylinder (1); Generating working medium (10) adopts low melting point gallium alloy.
2., according to a kind of Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator that is generating working medium with low melting point gallium alloy according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: upper and lower auxiliary piston (7,8) is without coupking shaft.
3., according to a kind of Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator that is generating working medium with low melting point gallium alloy according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the fusing point of gallium alloy is 5 DEG C, and density is 6.4g/cm
3, conductivity is 3.4 × 10
6s/m is liquid under normal temperature.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310054820.4A CN103199670B (en) | 2013-02-20 | 2013-02-20 | Magnetic fluid electric generator taking low-melting-point gallium alloy as electricity generating working medium |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310054820.4A CN103199670B (en) | 2013-02-20 | 2013-02-20 | Magnetic fluid electric generator taking low-melting-point gallium alloy as electricity generating working medium |
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| CN103199670A CN103199670A (en) | 2013-07-10 |
| CN103199670B true CN103199670B (en) | 2015-05-13 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103441641A (en) * | 2013-09-02 | 2013-12-11 | 董国光 | Detonation wave ejection loop type magnetic fluid power generation system |
| CN105141107A (en) * | 2015-10-14 | 2015-12-09 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Annular channel liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator |
| ITUA20163366A1 (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2017-10-22 | Giuliano Ribechini | ACTUATOR WORKING ACCORDING TO THE MAGNETO - HYDRO - DYNAMIC MHD PRINCIPLE |
| CN106357084B (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2020-02-14 | 中国科学院电工研究所无锡分所 | Double-channel liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator |
| CN107370335B (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2019-03-01 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of rotary magnetic fluid generator |
| CN110620487A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2019-12-27 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Closed reciprocating drive liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator |
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| CN101571097B (en) * | 2009-05-12 | 2011-11-16 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Float suspended liquid metal magnetic fluid wave energy direct generating device |
| CN101651323B (en) * | 2009-06-03 | 2012-03-14 | 东北大学 | Method, device and application for self-recovery current limiting and circuit breaking by using conductive fluid and magnetic fluid |
| CN101694203A (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2010-04-14 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Submerged generating device directly utilizing liquid metal magnetic fluid wave energy |
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