CN112187108A - Preparation method of carbon-based hydroelectric generator with capillary water flow as working medium - Google Patents
Preparation method of carbon-based hydroelectric generator with capillary water flow as working medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN112187108A CN112187108A CN202011056805.XA CN202011056805A CN112187108A CN 112187108 A CN112187108 A CN 112187108A CN 202011056805 A CN202011056805 A CN 202011056805A CN 112187108 A CN112187108 A CN 112187108A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N3/00—Generators in which thermal or kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy by ionisation of a fluid and removal of the charge therefrom
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a carbon-based hydroelectric generator with capillary water flow as a working medium, which comprises the steps of putting uniform slurry of ethyl cellulose, carbon black, glass fiber and ethanol into a fixed alumina ceramic model, annealing in an air atmosphere, coating a sealing layer on the periphery of a functional region of the carbon-based hydroelectric generator, connecting the functional region of the carbon-based hydroelectric generator and the fixed layer tightly through a fixed pore channel, and regulating the size of a capillary channel by regulating the size of the carbon black and the mass ratio of the carbon black so as to regulate and control the water flow. The carbon-based hydroelectric generator prepared by the method can generate electric energy by means of directional movement of water flow, is used for replacing the functions and positions of the traditional hydroelectric generator, and provides a new form for water energy application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of preparation of carbon-based hydroelectric generators, in particular to a preparation method of a carbon-based hydroelectric generator with capillary water flow as a working medium.
Background
The hydroelectric generating set has the function of enabling water flow with potential energy at high positions such as rivers and lakes to flow to the low positions and pushing the generator to generate electricity through the water turbine. The energy conversion process of the hydroelectric generating set is divided into two stages: firstly, the potential energy lost by water is converted into mechanical energy by the water turbine, and then the mechanical energy of the water turbine is converted into electric energy by the generator. The specific process is as follows: under the impact action of water flow, the water turbine starts to rotate, and the potential energy of water is converted into mechanical energy; the water turbine drives the coaxially connected generator to rotate, the rotating rotor drives the excitation magnetic field to rotate under the action of the excitation current, the stator winding of the generator cuts the excitation magnetic lines to generate induced electromotive force, and the rotor can generate an electromagnetic braking torque opposite to the rotation direction of the rotor while outputting electric energy. Because the water current acts on the water turbine uninterruptedly, the rotation torque obtained by the water turbine from the water current is used for overcoming the electromagnetic braking torque generated on the motor rotor, and when the two torques reach balance, the hydroelectric generating set runs at a certain constant rotation speed to stably generate power, thereby realizing energy conversion. Hydroelectric generating set is generally composed of hydraulic turbine, generator, speed regulator, excitation system, cooling system and power station control equipment. The common water turbine has two types of impact type and counterattack type, most of the generators adopt synchronous generators, the rotating speed of the generators is low, generally below 750r/min, the number of magnetic poles is large, and the structural size and the weight are large. The cooling of the small hydroelectric generator mainly adopts air cooling, and a ventilation system is used for cooling the surfaces of a stator, a rotor and an iron core of the generator. However, as the capacity of a single machine increases, the heat load of the stator and the rotor is increased continuously, and in order to increase the output power of the generator per unit volume at a certain rotating speed, the large-capacity hydroelectric generator adopts a mode of directly water-cooling the stator and the rotor windings. The traditional water energy utilization mode is greatly limited by natural conditions and is easily influenced by external factors such as terrain, climate and the like, and the construction and the use of large-scale facilities and equipment easily cause ecological damage and cost improvement.
The nano material has obvious quantum effect and surface effect, can be coupled with water in various forms to output obvious electric signals, for example, graphene can directly convert the energy of dragging and falling water drops into electric energy through the boundary motion of an electric double layer, and can also convert the wave energy of seawater into electric energy. Nano-structured materials such as carbon black can continuously generate electric energy in volt level through natural evaporation of ubiquitous water in atmospheric environment. This phenomenon of direct conversion of water into electrical energy is known as the "hydro-voltaic effect". The hydroelectric effect opens up a brand new direction for capturing the water energy of the earth water circulation in a full-chain manner, and the water energy utilization capacity is improved. The research of the photovoltaic effect is just started, new quantities with diversified application environments, high energy conversion efficiency and low power generation cost need to be developed, and the liquid flow can be driven only by virtue of the capillary force and the vacant sites vacated by evaporation, so that the power generation efficiency is difficult to further improve.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of a carbon-based hydroelectric generator with capillary water flow as a working medium, which is used for replacing the functions and positions of the traditional hydroelectric generator and providing a new form for water energy application. The carbon-based hydroelectric generator utilizes energy in the form of gravitational potential energy of traditional water, the driving force is gravity and capillary force, the power generation principle is the hydroelectric effect, flowing potential is generated by utilizing directional movement of water, and the traditional hydroelectric generator does not utilize mechanical energy to drive cutting of magnetic induction lines to generate electric energy.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the carbon-based hydroelectric generator with capillary water flow as a working medium comprises the following steps:
(1) placing ethyl cellulose, carbon black and glass fiber into absolute ethyl alcohol, heating and stirring to obtain uniform slurry, and regulating the size of a capillary channel by regulating the size of the carbon black and the mass ratio of the carbon black so as to regulate and control water flow;
(2) placing the slurry into a fixed alumina ceramic model, wherein the model is provided with a transverse and longitudinal cylinder for installing and fixing a generator functional area, and folding electrodes are arranged and fixed at two ends of the model;
(3) putting the alumina ceramic model filled with the slurry into a muffle furnace, annealing in the air atmosphere, and naturally cooling to room temperature;
(4) coating a sealing layer around the functional area of the carbon-based hydroelectric generator except the top end and the bottom end;
(5) the functional area of the carbon-based hydroelectric generator is tightly connected with the fixed layer through the fixed pore channel;
(6) and water storage areas are respectively arranged at the top end and the bottom end of the functional area of the carbon-based hydroelectric generator.
The mass ratio of the carbon black nano particles to the glass fibers in the step (1) is 1: 0.01-1: 100, the mass ratio of the carbon black nano particles to the ethyl cellulose is 1: 0.1-1: 20, the mass ratio of the carbon black nano particles to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1: 1-1: 200, the average size of the carbon black nano particles is 5-200nm, the diameter of the glass fibers is 10-1000nm, the length of the glass fibers is 10-500 mu m, the heating temperature is 20-80 ℃, and the stirring time is 0.5-12 h.
The alumina ceramic model in the step (2) is in a cube shape, the top end of the model is provided with an opening, the folding electrode is a thin film formed by graphite, graphene, carbon nano tubes or conductive carbon fiber materials, the thickness of the thin film is 10nm-1mm, the electrode is in a folding shape, the length and the width of the whole electrode correspond to the internal length and the internal width of the alumina ceramic model, the distance between adjacent layers of the folding electrode is 1mm-1cm, and the folding electrode is provided with a leading-out end and used for outputting electric energy.
The annealing temperature in the step (3) is 150-450 ℃, and the annealing time is 30min-24 h.
And (4) adopting a silicone sealant or an organic silicon adhesive to prevent water molecules from seeping out from the periphery of the sealing layer in the step (4).
The fixing hole channel in the step (5) is sealed, waterproof and insulating, is made of rubber, plastic or metal plated with a waterproof layer, and is arranged to avoid unstable structure caused by overlarge functional area of the photovoltaic generator, and the rope or the hard column can be tightly connected with the fixing layer through the fixing hole channel.
The water storage areas at the top end and the bottom end in the step (6) are made of conventional materials and structures, and the size and the capacity of the water storage areas are set according to specific conditions.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) the carbon-based hydroelectric generator prepared by the method can generate electric energy by means of directional movement of water flow, is used for replacing the functions and positions of the traditional hydroelectric generator, and provides a new form for water energy application.
(2) The carbon-based photovoltaic generator utilizes energy in the form of gravitational potential energy of traditional water, the structure is less limited, the power generation channel can be made longer, the power generation functional area can be made thicker, and the carbon-based photovoltaic generator has greater advantages in industrial application.
(3) The driving force of the hydroelectric generator is the superposition of gravity and capillary force, the running speed of water molecules in the functional area of the hydroelectric generator is higher than that of a hydroelectric battery in an evaporation power generation mode, and the power generation efficiency is greatly improved.
(4) The folded electrode can greatly improve the charge collection efficiency.
(5) The reinforced concrete structure of the nano-fiber and the nano-particle enables the mechanical performance of the functional area of the hydroelectric generator to be excellent.
(6) The arrangement of the fixed pore passage can avoid the unstable structure caused by the overlarge functional area of the photovoltaic generator.
(7) The capillary channel effectively utilizes the Bernoulli principle, the microcosmic water flow moves very fast, the narrow channel can control the water flow, quantitative water can work and generate electricity in a longer time, and the water flow is regulated and controlled by regulating the size of the capillary channel through regulating the size of carbon black and the mass ratio of the carbon black.
(8) The method has the advantages of simple preparation process, easily obtained used materials, lower requirements on equipment and easy industrialization.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a carbon-based hydroelectric generator, wherein 1 is a top water storage area, 2 is water, 3 is a bottom water collection area, 4 is an upper electrode, 5 is a lower electrode, 6 is toluene carbon black, 7 is glass fiber, 8 is a waterproof layer, 9 is a fixing layer, and 10 is a fixing pore passage.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a folded electrode structure.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the present invention, the present invention will now be described by way of examples. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples are only for the purpose of facilitating understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as specifically limiting the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Mixing ethyl cellulose, carbon black, glass fiber and absolute ethyl alcohol in a mass ratio of 1: 10: 4: 20, heating and stirring at 80 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain uniform slurry, wherein the average size of carbon black nanoparticles is 100nm, the diameter of oxygen glass fiber is 20nm, and the length of the oxygen glass fiber is 20-200 mu m.
(2) The slurry is placed into a cubic alumina ceramic model with an opening at the top end, graphene-based folded electrodes are arranged and fixed at two ends, the thickness of a graphene film is 100nm, the electrodes are folded, the distance between adjacent layers of the folded electrodes is 10mm, the length and the width of the whole electrode correspond to the internal length and the internal width of the alumina ceramic model, and the folded electrodes are provided with leading-out ends and used for outputting electric energy.
(3) And (3) putting the alumina ceramic model filled with the slurry into a muffle furnace, annealing in the air atmosphere at 370 ℃ for 2 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the functional region of the carbon-based hydroelectric generator.
(4) And taking out the functional area of the carbon-based hydroelectric generator, coating silicone sealant on the periphery of the functional area except the top end and the bottom end, and preventing water molecules from seeping out from the periphery.
(5) The functional area of the carbon-based hydroelectric generator is tightly connected with the fixed layer through the fixed pore channel.
(6) And water storage areas are respectively arranged at the top end and the bottom end of the functional area of the carbon-based hydroelectric generator.
The applicant states that the present invention is illustrated by the above examples to show the detailed process equipment and process flow of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above detailed process equipment and process flow, i.e. it does not mean that the present invention must rely on the above detailed process equipment and process flow to be implemented. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of the raw materials of the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of the carbon-based hydroelectric generator with capillary water flow as a working medium comprises the following steps:
(1) placing ethyl cellulose, carbon black and glass fiber into absolute ethyl alcohol, heating and stirring to obtain uniform slurry, and regulating the size of a capillary channel by regulating the size of the carbon black and the mass ratio of the carbon black so as to regulate and control water flow;
(2) placing the slurry into a fixed alumina ceramic model, wherein the model is provided with a transverse and longitudinal cylinder for installing and fixing a generator functional area, and folding electrodes are arranged and fixed at two ends of the model;
(3) putting the alumina ceramic model filled with the slurry into a muffle furnace, annealing in the air atmosphere, and naturally cooling to room temperature;
(4) coating a sealing layer around the functional area of the carbon-based hydroelectric generator except the top end and the bottom end;
(5) the functional area of the carbon-based hydroelectric generator is tightly connected with the fixed layer through the fixed pore channel;
(6) and water storage areas are respectively arranged at the top end and the bottom end of the functional area of the carbon-based hydroelectric generator.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the carbon black nanoparticles to the glass fibers in step (1) is 1: 0.01 to 1: 100, the mass ratio of the carbon black nanoparticles to the ethyl cellulose is 1: 0.1 to 1: 20, the mass ratio of the carbon black nanoparticles to the absolute ethyl alcohol is in the range of 1: 1 to 1: 200, the average size of the carbon black nanoparticles is 5 to 200nm, the diameter of the glass fibers is 10 to 1000nm, the length is 10 to 500 μm, the heating temperature is 20 to 80 ℃, and the stirring time is 0.5 to 12 hours.
3. The preparation method of claim 1, wherein the alumina ceramic model in step (2) is in a cubic shape and has an open top end, the folded electrode is a thin film made of graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes or conductive carbon fiber material, the thickness of the thin film is 10nm-1mm, the electrode is in a folded shape, the length and width of the whole electrode correspond to the internal length and internal width of the alumina ceramic model, the distance between adjacent layers of the folded electrode is 1mm-1cm, and the folded electrode has a leading-out terminal for outputting electric energy.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the annealing temperature in step (3) is 150-450 ℃ and the annealing time is 30min-24 h.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sealant layer in the step (4) prevents water molecules from leaking out all around by using a silicone sealant or a silicone adhesive.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the fixing hole in step (5) is sealed, waterproof and insulated, and is made of rubber, plastic or metal plated with a waterproof layer, and the fixing hole is arranged to avoid structural instability caused by the excessively large functional area of the hydroelectric generator, and the rope or the hard column can be tightly connected with the fixing layer through the fixing hole.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the top and bottom water storage areas in step (6) are made of conventional materials and structures, and the size and capacity are set as appropriate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011056805.XA CN112187108A (en) | 2020-09-27 | 2020-09-27 | Preparation method of carbon-based hydroelectric generator with capillary water flow as working medium |
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| CN202011056805.XA CN112187108A (en) | 2020-09-27 | 2020-09-27 | Preparation method of carbon-based hydroelectric generator with capillary water flow as working medium |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113037136A (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2021-06-25 | 苏州大学 | Silicon nanowire photovoltaic cell, water level monitor and self-driven water level monitoring device |
| TWI792342B (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2023-02-11 | 國立臺灣科技大學 | Flexible clean energy power generation device with high power generation efficiency |
-
2020
- 2020-09-27 CN CN202011056805.XA patent/CN112187108A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113037136A (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2021-06-25 | 苏州大学 | Silicon nanowire photovoltaic cell, water level monitor and self-driven water level monitoring device |
| CN113037136B (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2022-06-14 | 苏州大学 | Silicon nanowire photovoltaic cell, water level monitor and self-driven water level monitoring device |
| TWI792342B (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2023-02-11 | 國立臺灣科技大學 | Flexible clean energy power generation device with high power generation efficiency |
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Application publication date: 20210105 |
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