CN103198494B - A kind of elevation of building extracting method based on building outer contour and laser point cloud - Google Patents
A kind of elevation of building extracting method based on building outer contour and laser point cloud Download PDFInfo
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- CN103198494B CN103198494B CN201310115193.0A CN201310115193A CN103198494B CN 103198494 B CN103198494 B CN 103198494B CN 201310115193 A CN201310115193 A CN 201310115193A CN 103198494 B CN103198494 B CN 103198494B
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of elevation of building extracting method based on building outer contour and laser point cloud, comprise the following steps: the outer contour that obtains building; Choose ground level and be XY plane as perspective plane, outer contour is projected as multi-line section P in XY plane1P2……Pn, choose buffering area; Judge that laser spots in three-dimensional panorama image is whether in buffering area, thereby obtain all laser spots in buffering area; Adopt filter algorithm, all laser spots in buffering area are carried out after denoising, according to these laser spots and building outer contour, generate building facade. Method provided by the present invention has solved deficiency of the prior art, can automatically or semi-automatically generate building facade, greatly shortens streetscape data and produces and digital city fabrication cycle, has very huge economy and social value.<!--1-->
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to one based on building outer contour and three-dimensional laser point cloud, automatically extract buildingThe method of the facade of thing, belongs to mapping information field.
Background technology
Streetscape service is the new highlight of current digital city development, is focus and ground on current internetThe developing direction of figure service.
Streetscape service be unable to do without the support of data, in streetscape data acquisition, has gathered at present simultaneouslyThree-dimensional laser point cloud data and full-view image data. Three-dimensional laser point cloud is the high-precision of body surfaceDegree three-dimensional coordinate, can directly obtain object coordinates and characteristic information by a cloud. But three-dimensionalLaser point cloud is initial data, is not that streetscape is served needed achievement data. In dataIn production process, need to, according to three-dimensional laser point cloud, extract the facade of building.
The facade of building is the abstract representation of skin face, and it,, all the time perpendicular to ground level, isMain streetscape achievement data, for redirect location, the streetscape advertisement putting of streetscape full-view imageDeng, be that Internet user experiences and the significant data basis of value-added service.
The data that obtain due to streetscape data acquisition are magnanimity, and traditional building facade is producedSubstantially rely on manually, automaticity is low, causes streetscape data production cost very large,Be unfavorable for the promotion and application of streetscape service.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of vertical based on building outer contour and three-dimensional laser point cloud extraction buildingThe method of face, has solved the deficiency in above-mentioned background technology, greatly shorten streetscape data produce andDigital city fabrication cycle, has very huge economy and social value.
Realizing the technical scheme that above-mentioned purpose of the present invention adopts is:
Based on an elevation of building extracting method for building outer contour and laser point cloud, it is characterized in thatComprise the following steps:
(1), obtain the outer contour of building;
(2), choose ground level be XY plane as perspective plane, outer contour being projected as in XY planeMulti-line section P1P2……Pn, and node P1、P2……PnCoordinate in XY plane is respectively (X1，Y1)、(X2，Y2)……(Xn，Yn), choose in XY plane from multi-line section P1P2……PnThe distance scope that is d in region be buffering area, wherein d is buffering radius;
(3), the Z in the three-dimensional coordinate of the three-dimensional laser point in laser point cloud (X, Y, Z) is ignored, sentenceDisconnected coordinate (X, Y) whether in buffering area, thereby obtain all laser in buffering areaPoint;
(4), adopt filter algorithm, all laser spots in buffering area are carried out to denoising;
(5), according to laser spots and outer contour in buffering area, generate elevation of building.
In step (1), the outer contour acquisition methods of building is artificial drafting, or utilizes existing DLGThe outer contour coordinate of middle building, or utilize automation algorithm automatically to extract in laser point cloud。
Judge in step (3) laser spots whether the method in buffering area be specially: suppose arbitrary laser spotsThe coordinate of P in XY plane is (Xp, Yp), calculates this P to multi-line section P1P2……PnIn eachThe distance of line segment, is respectively d1，d2……dn-1, judge d1，d2……dn-1In whether exist littleIn the value of buffering radius d, if existed, put P in buffering area, if there is no, pointP is not in buffering area.
The numerical value of buffering radius d is empirical value, according to the error size in three-dimensional laser point cloud, suitableD value size is also different. In general, the measure error in three-dimensional laser point cloud is larger, and d getsBe worth larger, rule of thumb, excessive or too small d value, all can make this method extract elevation of buildingThe degree of accuracy reduces. Therefore in the present invention, cushioning radius d value is 0.05 ~ 0.5 meter.
The method that generates elevation of building in step (5) is: first count Z in the laser spots after filtration and sitTarget maximum and minimum of a value, be respectively Zmax and Zmin, then according to multi-line section P1P2……PnNode coordinate and Zmax, Zmin value, obtain multi-line section P1P2……PnIn arbitrary line segment PiPi+1Facade in the three-dimensional coordinate on four summits, be followed successively by (Xi，Yi，Zmin)、(Xi+1，Yi+1，Zmin)、(Xi+1，Yi+1, Zmax) and (Xi，Yi, Zmax), wherein 1≤i≤n-1, according toFour apex coordinates, generate arbitrary line segment PiPi+1Facade, by this circulation until generate multi-line sectionP1P2……PnFacade.
Step can also adopt following methods in (5): adopt fitting algorithm to all in buffering areaLaser spots is carried out matching, simulates elevation of building.
Method provided by the present invention has been utilized the three-dimensional coordinate of laser point cloud, simultaneously in conjunction with buildingOuter contour, automatically calculates the apex coordinate of each facade and generates each facade, due to laser spotsThe three-dimensional coordinate of cloud is given data, and the outer contour of building can manually be drawn or pass through certainlyMovingization algorithm or data with existing extract, and therefore method provided by the present invention only needs less or notNeed manual operation, can extract building facade. Manually drew facade with respect to former employingMethod, the present invention can greatly shorten streetscape data produce and digital city fabrication cycle, toolThere is very high practice to be worth.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is done to detailed specific description.
Building in the present embodiment is an office building, and its outer contour coordinate is to build in existing DLGBuild the outer contour coordinate of thing.
Choosing ground level is that XY plane is as perspective plane, due to outer contour being projected as in XY planeMulti-line section P1P2P3P4P5P6P7P8, node P so1、P2、P3、P4、P5、P6、P7、P8Coordinate in XY plane is respectively (X1，Y1)、(X2，Y2)……(X8，Y8), choose in XY plane from multi-line section P1P2……PnDistance be that region within the scope of 0.1 meter is for slowRush district, wherein cushioning radius is 0.1 meter.
Then the Z in the three-dimensional coordinate of the three-dimensional laser point in laser point cloud (X, Y, Z) is ignored, sentenceWhether disconnected coordinate (X, Y) in buffering area, supposes the coordinate of arbitrary laser spots P in XY planeFor (Xp, Yp), calculate this P to multi-line section P1P2P3P4P5P6P7P8In the distance of each line segment, be respectively d1，d2……d7, judge d1，d2……d7In whether there is the value that is less than 0.1 meterIf, exist, put P in buffering area, if there is no, put P not in buffering area.Utilize the method to obtain all laser spots in buffering area.
Adopt filter algorithm, all laser spots in buffering area are carried out to denoising.
Then count maximum and the minimum of a value of Z coordinate in the laser spots after filtration, be respectively Zmax andZmin. According to multi-line section multi-line section P1P2P3P4P5P6P7P8Node coordinate and Zmax,Zmin value, obtains multi-line section multi-line section P1P2P3P4P5P6P7P8In the first line segment P1P2'sThe three-dimensional coordinate on four summits in facade, is followed successively by (X1，Y1，Zmin)、(X2，Y2，Zmin)、(X2，Y2, Zmax) and (X1，Y1, Zmax), according to these four apex coordinates, rawBecome line segment P1P2Facade. Then continue to generate P2P3Facade, according to this repeat, until generateP7P8Facade after, finish the work.
In the present embodiment, the last step that generates elevation of building can also adopt following methods, adopts and intendsHop algorithm carries out matching to all laser spots in buffering area, thereby obtains elevation of building.
Claims (5)
1. the elevation of building extracting method based on building outer contour and laser point cloud, is characterized in that comprising followingStep:
(1), obtain the outer contour of building;
(2), choose ground level be XY plane as perspective plane, outer contour is projected as multi-line section in XY planeP1P2……Pn, and node P1、P2……PnCoordinate in XY plane is respectively (X1，Y1)、(X2，Y2)……(Xn，Yn), choose in XY plane from multi-line section P1P2……PnThe distance scope that is d in region be buffering area, wherein dFor buffering radius;
(3), the Z in the three-dimensional coordinate of the three-dimensional laser point in laser point cloud (X, Y, Z) is ignored, judge coordinate (X,Y) whether in buffering area, thereby obtain all laser spots in buffering area;
(4), adopt filter algorithm, all laser spots in buffering area are carried out to denoising;
(5), according to laser spots and outer contour in buffering area, generate elevation of building;
Wherein step (5) is specially: first count maximum and the minimum of a value of Z coordinate in the laser spots after filtration,Be respectively Zmax and Zmin, then according to multi-line section P1P2……PnNode coordinate and Zmax, Zmin value,To multi-line section P1P2……PnIn arbitrary line segment PiPi+1Facade in the three-dimensional coordinate on four summits, be followed successively by (Xi，Yi，Zmin)、(Xi+1，Yi+1，Zmin)、(Xi+1，Yi+1, Zmax) and (Xi，Yi, Zmax), wherein 1≤i≤n-1, rootAccording to four apex coordinates, generate arbitrary line segment PiPi+1Facade, by this circulation until generate multi-line section P1P2……Pn'sFacade.
2. the elevation of building extracting method based on building outer contour and laser point cloud according to claim 1, itsBe characterised in that: in step (1), the outer contour acquisition methods of building is drawn for artificial, or utilizes in existing DLG and buildBuild the outer contour coordinate of thing, or utilize automation algorithm automatically to extract in laser point cloud.
3. the elevation of building extracting method based on building outer contour and laser point cloud according to claim 1, itsBe characterised in that: judge in step (3) laser spots whether the method in buffering area be specially: suppose that arbitrary laser spots P existsCoordinate in XY plane is (Xp, Yp), calculates this P to multi-line section P1P2……PnIn the distance of each line segment, respectivelyFor d1，d2……dn-1, judge d1，d2……dn-1In whether there is the value that is less than buffering radius d, if existed,Point P, in buffering area, if there is no, puts P not in buffering area.
4. according to the elevation of building extracting method based on building outer contour and laser point cloud described in claim 1 or 3,It is characterized in that: buffering radius d is 0.05～0.5 meter.
5. the elevation of building extracting method based on building outer contour and laser point cloud according to claim 1, itsBe characterised in that: in step (5), adopt fitting algorithm to carry out matching to the laser spots in all buffering areas, simulate elevation of building.
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| CN103544728B (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2016-03-30 | 武汉海达数云技术有限公司 | A kind of based on normal vector in live-action map by spy face filter method |
| CN103499343B (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2015-06-24 | 武汉海达数云技术有限公司 | Automatic classifying and identifying method for road line point cloud based on three-dimensional laser reflection strength |
| CN103699900B (en) * | 2014-01-03 | 2016-10-05 | 西北工业大学 | Building horizontal vector profile automatic batch extracting method in satellite image |
| CN104796649B (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2017-12-26 | 北京炬力北方微电子有限公司 | A kind of method and device of tripleplane |
| CN104751479A (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2015-07-01 | 中测新图(北京)遥感技术有限责任公司 | Building extraction method and device based on TIN data |
| CN105469355B (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2019-04-23 | 重庆市勘测院 | The method for extracting 2.5 dimension map contour of building based on city threedimensional model |
| CN109163708B (en) * | 2018-08-08 | 2021-09-10 | 广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院 | Optimization method, device and medium for unmanned aerial vehicle large-scale topographic map house line |
| CN109059864A (en) * | 2018-08-08 | 2018-12-21 | 广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院 | Unmanned plane large scale topographical map house alien invasion mapping method, device and medium |
| CN111915721B (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2024-01-26 | 广州中科智巡科技有限公司 | Method and system for extracting horizontal section of power transmission line corridor building based on laser point cloud |
| CN112529952B (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2023-11-14 | 武汉万集光电技术有限公司 | Object volume measurement method and device and electronic equipment |
| CN116452775B (en) * | 2023-06-14 | 2023-09-19 | 北京飞渡科技股份有限公司 | Building elevation division method, device, medium and equipment |
| CN117315184B (en) * | 2023-08-29 | 2024-03-29 | 泰瑞数创科技(北京)股份有限公司 | Method for automatically generating LOD1.3 model of building |
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