CN105303616A - Embossment modeling method based on single photograph - Google Patents
Embossment modeling method based on single photograph Download PDFInfo
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- CN105303616A CN105303616A CN201510832618.9A CN201510832618A CN105303616A CN 105303616 A CN105303616 A CN 105303616A CN 201510832618 A CN201510832618 A CN 201510832618A CN 105303616 A CN105303616 A CN 105303616A
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Abstract
The invention provides an embossment modeling method based on a single photograph. The embossment modeling method comprises steps of: converting the single photograph into a grayscale map; determining the outline of the grayscale map; determining the heights of pixels on the surface layer of the embossment according to the gray value of the grayscale map, constructing the top surface of the embossment and the side surface of the embossment; adding a bottom surface according to a requirement for the thickness and the shape of the bottom surface according to a process and on the basis of the outline; reconstructing the triangular patch of each surface; and generating a model file in a STL format. The method acquires the corresponding grayscale map by preprocessing the single color photograph, constructs the embossment model according to the gray value of the grayscale map, generates the STL-format model file which can be directly used for 3D printing, solves a technical problem of low degree of dissemination in the conventional three-dimensional reconstruction technology based on three-dimensional scanning and multiple photographs with different angles, and gives a more lifelike three-dimensional model.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Computer Applied Technology field, specifically, relate to a kind of embossment modeling method based on single photo.
Background technology
The three-dimension modeling printed for 3D at present mainly contain two kinds of approach: one is that data by obtaining three-dimensional scanning device carry out three-dimensional reconstruction, but scanning device price is high, and popularity is low; Two is carry out three-dimensional design by the Three-dimensional Design Software of specialty, and this kind of mode requires that operating personnel will have abundant professional knowledge, skillfully uses modeling software, and complicated operation, and the cycle is longer, and therefore popularity is also lower.
Universal and the photographing function of mobile phone of digital camera perfect, makes the acquisition of digitized image very easy, and based on this, the technology of carrying out three-dimensional reconstruction based on photo in recent years develops to some extent.Its method is by using the multiple photos of different angles to carry out three-dimensional reconstruction, but this technology needs the multiple photos being obtained multiple angle shot by professional means, but domestic consumer is difficult to obtain image by the means of specialty, and popularity is not high yet.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of embossment modeling method based on single photo, corresponding gray-scale map is obtained by carrying out pre-service to individual photochrome, build embossment model according to the gray-scale value of gray-scale map, solve traditional based on 3-D scanning or the low technical matters of the popularity carrying out existing in three-dimensional reconstruction based on the multiple photos of different angles.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
Propose a kind of embossment modeling method based on single photo, comprising: individual photochrome is converted into gray-scale map; Determine the profile border of gray-scale map; According to the height of the gray-scale value determination embossment top layer pixel of gray-scale map, build embossment upper surface, and construct the side surface of embossment; Based on profile border, according to technique, bottom surface is added to the demand of bottom thickness, shape; Reconstruct the tri patch on each surface; Generate STL form model file.
Further, before the height of the gray-scale value determination embossment top layer pixel according to gray-scale map, described method also comprises: carry out filtering process to gray-scale map.
Further, individual photochrome is converted into gray-scale map, is specially: based on gray=(R*299+G*587+B*114)/1000, adopt weighted average method to obtain the gray-scale value of each pixel; Wherein, R, G, B are the color value of photochrome pixel.
Further, described filtering process is carried out to gray-scale map, be specially: for current pixel selected pixels template; Calculate the gray average of all pixels in template pixel; This gray average gives described current pixel; Wherein, described template pixel is multiple pixel compositions of described current pixel neighbour.
Further, the described profile border determining gray-scale map, is specially: set a square element, and the length of side of described square element is the centre distance of neighbor; Use the pixel of gray-scale map after the filtering of described square element traversal; In record ergodic process, the gray-scale value on its four summits when described square element often locates a time; Setting threshold value, to determine the state of four vertex correspondence of square element described in ergodic process; Based on the state of four vertex correspondence in ergodic process, determine the profile border of gray-scale map after filtering.
Further, the tri patch on described each surface of reconstruct, for completing model surface triangle gridding based on region growing algorithm, specifically comprises: the highest Z coordinate in query point cloud; There are selection two abutment points structure seed triangle near the highest Z coordinate points; Obtain the normal vector of described seed triangle, as whole relief surface triangle, the reference vector of dough sheet normal direction; Three limits of described seed triangle are utilized to set up just initial line queue; From the queue of limit, go out team limit, search abutment points also builds new triangle; The limit increased by new triangle adds limit queue as newly-built active edges, and circulation is until active edges is empty.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention and good effect are:
The present invention propose based in the embossment modeling method of single photo, first individual photochrome is changed into gray-scale map, carry out filtering process to gray-scale map, level and smooth noise, reduces the impact of noise on image; Adopt square element to travel through all pixels in gray-scale map, determine the boundary contour of image, according to the height of gray-scale value determination embossment upper surface pixel; Adopt region growing algorithm implementation model surface triangle gridding, generation can be directly used in the stl file that 3D prints, algorithm realization is easy and effective, and only need single photo to realize, multiple photos without the need to adopting professional method to obtain multi-angle carries out three-dimensional reconstruction, be applicable to popularizing, solve traditional based on 3-D scanning or the low technical matters of the popularity carrying out existing in three-dimensional reconstruction based on the multiple photos of different angles.
After reading the detailed description of embodiment of the present invention by reference to the accompanying drawings, the other features and advantages of the invention will become clearly.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the embossment modeling method based on single photo that the embodiment of the present invention proposes;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the square element that the embodiment of the present invention proposes;
Fig. 3 is that schematic diagram is set up on the profile border that the embodiment of the present invention proposes.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in more detail.
As shown in Figure 1, the embossment modeling method based on single photo that the present invention proposes, comprises the steps:
Step S11: individual photochrome is converted into gray-scale map.
Weighted mean value-based algorithm is adopted to obtain the gray-scale value of each pixel in individual photochrome, specifically based on gray=(R*299+G*587+B*114)/1000 to obtain, wherein, R, G, B are the color value of photochrome pixel.
Step S12: filtering process is carried out to gray-scale map.This is preferred steps.
Concrete, in single photo, for pending current pixel point (x, y), select a template pixel, this template pixel is made up of some pixels of current pixel neighbour; Then calculate the gray average of all pixels in template pixel, then give current pixel point (x, y) this gray average, as image gray-scale value g(x, y at that point after process), i.e. g(x, y)=1/m ∑ f(x, y), m is the total number of pixel comprising current pixel in this template.
Step S13: the profile border determining gray-scale map.
Concrete, as shown in Figure 2, set a square element, the length of side of this square element is the centre distance of neighbor, and four summits are labeled as a, b, c, d respectively.Then the summit a setting square element is basic point.Wherein, the centre distance of pixel is the middle spacing of two neighbors, and determined by the resolution of photo, resolution height then centre distance is little, and the low then centre distance of resolution is large; Picture resolution is determined, then the centre distance of pixel is determined.
Square element is used to travel through the pixel of gray-scale map after filtering.Wherein, four of square element basic points are corresponding in turn to according to the order of sequence the pixel of gray-scale map.Then record in ergodic process, the gray-scale value on its four summits when square element often locates a time.Set a threshold value, in order to determine the state of square element four vertex correspondence in ergodic process, concrete, when the gray-scale value of the pixel of vertex correspondence is greater than threshold value, identifies the state on this summit for " 1 ", otherwise be designated " 0 ".Visible, for a square element, its corresponding 16 kinds of states, as shown in following table one:
Table one
| State value (16 system) | a | b | c | d |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 6 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 7 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| A | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| B | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| C | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| D | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| E | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| F | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Finally, based on the state of four vertex correspondence in ergodic process, determine the profile border of gray-scale map after filtering.As shown in Figure 3, be the schematic diagram of the gray-scale map that single photo changes into, be wherein with dash area for affect entity, remainder is the blank space that gray-scale value is less than threshold value.
The state of S1 corresponds to 0000, and square element is in solid exterior;
The state of S2 corresponds to 0001, and square element is in entity edge, and summit d is on outer contour;
The state of S3 corresponds to 1111, and square element is in entity inside;
The state of S4 corresponds to 0100, and square element is in entity edge, and summit b is on outer contour;
The state of S5 corresponds to 1000, and square element is in entity edge, and summit a is on outer contour.
Visible, according to the status indicator on four summits during each square element location, can judge that current square element is in one of three kinds of situations below: 1, be positioned at entity inside; 2, solid exterior is positioned at; 3, be positioned on outer contour.Thus the pixel can found out on all outer contours, and then the boundary contour of bottom surface can be determined.
Step S14: according to the height of the gray-scale value determination embossment top layer pixel of gray-scale map, builds embossment upper surface, and constructs the side surface of embossment.
In this step, the gray-scale value of pixel each in gray-scale map is pressed the height of direct proportion as embossment upper epidermis pixel, build the upper surface of embossment, construct the side surface of embossment simultaneously.Side surface is the curved surface that with XY plane orthogonal line form of silhouette edge boundary line along Z-direction to end face.
Step S15: based on profile border, adds bottom surface according to technique to the demand of bottom thickness, shape.
On the basis, gray-scale map profile border that step S13 determines, according to technique, bottom surface is added to the demand of bottom thickness, shape.
Step S16: the tri patch reconstructing each surface.
Be specially based on region growing algorithm, adopt interpolation subdividing to complete the triangle gridding of model surface, comprising: in the some cloud forming each surface, inquire about the highest Z coordinate, and select two abutment points to build seed triangle in its vicinity; Obtain the normal vector of seed triangle, as the reference vector of whole relief surface tri patch normal direction; Three limits of seed triangle are utilized to set up just initial line queue; From the queue of limit, go out team limit, search for its abutment points and build new triangle; The limit increased by new triangle adds limit queue as newly-built active edges, cyclic search and set up new triangle, until active edges be empty end.
Step S17: generate STL(Standardtemplatelibrary, STL) form model file.
Generation can be directly used in the stl file that 3D prints, and meets the requirement of 3D printing to three-dimensional model.
The invention described above propose based in the embossment modeling method of single photo, individual photochrome is changed into gray-scale map, carries out filtering process to gray-scale map, level and smooth noise, reduces the impact of noise on image; Adopt square element to travel through all pixels in gray-scale map, determine the boundary contour of image; According to the height of gray-scale value determination embossment upper surface pixel; Adopt region growing algorithm implementation model surface triangle gridding, generation can be directly used in the stl file that 3D prints, algorithm realization is easy and effective, and only need single photo to realize, multiple photos without the need to adopting professional method to obtain multi-angle carries out three-dimensional reconstruction, be applicable to popularizing, solve traditional based on 3-D scanning or the low technical matters of the popularity carrying out existing in three-dimensional reconstruction based on the multiple photos of different angles.
It should be noted that; above-mentioned explanation is not limitation of the present invention; the present invention is also not limited in above-mentioned citing, the change that those skilled in the art make in essential scope of the present invention, remodeling, interpolation or replacement, also should belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1., based on the embossment modeling method of single photo, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Individual photochrome is converted into gray-scale map;
Determine the profile border of gray-scale map;
According to the height of the gray-scale value determination embossment top layer pixel of gray-scale map, build embossment upper surface, and construct the side surface of embossment;
Based on profile border, according to technique, bottom surface is added to the demand of bottom thickness, shape;
Reconstruct the tri patch on each surface;
Generate STL form model file.
2. the embossment modeling method based on single photo according to claim 1, is characterized in that, before the height of the gray-scale value determination embossment top layer pixel according to gray-scale map, described method also comprises:
Filtering process is carried out to gray-scale map.
3. the embossment modeling method based on single photo according to claim 1, is characterized in that, individual photochrome is converted into gray-scale map, is specially:
Based on gray=(R*299+G*587+B*114)/1000, adopt weighted average method to obtain the gray-scale value of each pixel;
Wherein, R, G, B are the color value of photochrome pixel.
4. the embossment modeling method based on single photo according to claim 2, is characterized in that, describedly carries out filtering process to gray-scale map, is specially:
For current pixel selected pixels template;
Calculate the gray average of all pixels in template pixel;
This gray average gives described current pixel;
Wherein, described template pixel is multiple pixel compositions of described current pixel neighbour.
5. the embossment modeling method based on single photo according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described profile border determining gray-scale map, is specially:
Set a square element, the described square length of side is the centre distance of neighbor;
Use the pixel of gray-scale map after the filtering of described square element traversal;
In record ergodic process, the gray-scale value on its four summits when described square element often locates a time; Setting threshold value, to determine the state of four vertex correspondence of square element described in ergodic process;
Based on the state of four vertex correspondence in ergodic process, determine the profile border of gray-scale map after filtering.
6. the embossment modeling method based on single photo according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the tri patch on described each surface of reconstruct, specifically comprises:
The highest Z coordinate in query point cloud;
There are selection two abutment points structure seed triangle near the highest Z coordinate points;
Obtain the normal vector of described seed triangle, as the reference vector of whole relief surface tri patch normal direction;
Three of described seed triangle are utilized to set up while queue;
From the queue of limit, go out team limit, search abutment points also builds new triangle;
The limit increased by new triangle adds limit queue as newly-built active edges, and circulation is until active edges is empty.
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| CN105976362A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-09-28 | 厦门大学 | Image line drawing generation method suitable for 3D printing |
| CN106504322A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2017-03-15 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of embossment extracting method based on Height Estimation |
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| CN110751665A (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2020-02-04 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Method and system for reconstructing 3D portrait model by portrait embossment |
| CN110853146A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-02-28 | 广东三维家信息科技有限公司 | Relief modeling method and system and relief processing equipment |
| CN111090905A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-05-01 | 陕西理工大学 | Mathematical modeling method using computer multidimensional space |
| CN111047701A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-21 | 孟存轩 | Method for engraving large-range three-dimensional terrain |
| CN111400788A (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2020-07-10 | 大连理工大学 | Interactive 3D (three-dimensional) embossing method suitable for 3D printing |
| CN111400788B (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2022-09-16 | 大连理工大学 | Interactive 3D (three-dimensional) embossing method suitable for 3D printing |
| CN113379890A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-09-10 | 浙江大学 | Character bas-relief model generation method based on single photo |
| CN113379890B (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2022-04-19 | 浙江大学 | Character bas-relief model generation method based on single photo |
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