CN104751479A - Building extraction method and device based on TIN data - Google Patents
Building extraction method and device based on TIN data Download PDFInfo
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- CN104751479A CN104751479A CN201510188777.XA CN201510188777A CN104751479A CN 104751479 A CN104751479 A CN 104751479A CN 201510188777 A CN201510188777 A CN 201510188777A CN 104751479 A CN104751479 A CN 104751479A
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Abstract
The invention provides a building extraction method and device based on TIN data and relates to the field of image processing. The method is characterized in that accurate datum points are determined, appointed points close to the roof of a target building are selected as the datum points, and the problem that the acquired contour points of an independent building are inaccurate due to the blocking of trees or other barriers is avoided; three-dimensional points, higher than the datum points, in three-dimensional space are used as the reference points of the target building; due to the fact that the edge points of the three-dimensional points are used as the contour points, the acquiring range of building data is determined according to the outline formed by the contour points, and the three-dimensional model of the target building is extracted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to image processing field, in particular to based on the buildings extracting method of TIN data and device.
Background technology
Namely TIN is TIN, and also name " curved surface data structure ", is a kind of vector data.Be be equal triangular facet network according to limited the point set in region by Region dividing, digital elevation model is made up of continuous print triangular facet, and the shape of triangular facet and size depend on density and the position of the measuring point of irregular distribution.
Continuous three-D grain TIN data are the continuous print integrated upright body Model data generated based on multi-view images, it is different from the 2.5D data lacking side-information, it is the true three-dimensional data that can show male and female face, these data are made up of three-dimensional TIN and texture image, can the surface information of truly expressed earth's surface and atural object, import various main flow GIS application platform easily.By other model of continuous print three-D grain TIN data genaration multilayer pyramid level, can smooth reply local IP access or the remote access based on internet.
But, the three-D grain TIN data of existing Software Create are continuous print integrated upright body Model mostly, earth's surface and atural object connect together, and can not analyze single entity object (as buildings) and study, the application of serious restriction different entities key element.In atural object, building model is main entity elements, therefore need by building model from the three-D grain TIN extracting data of continuous print integration out, carry out editing, attribute connecting, hierarchical classification management etc., meet the demand that hypostazation Management and application is analyzed, but how to keep the level of the seamless connection of building model and terrain data and the texture extracted and continuous integrated upright body Model and structure constant be technological difficulties, this directly results in and uses prior art to be difficult to extract independently building model, or causes extraction model failure.
At present, the buildings extracting method based on three-D grain TIN data is not had temporarily.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide the buildings extracting method based on TIN data and device, extracts with the buildings completed based on TIN data.
First aspect, embodiments provides the buildings extracting method based on TIN data, it is characterized in that, comprising:
The specified point of selection on target structures thing roof is as reference point;
By three dimensions height higher than the three-dimensional point of described reference point, as the reference point of target structures thing;
According in multiple described reference point, be in the point at edge, draw the frame line of described target structures thing;
According to the building data of frame line being positioned at described target structures thing, form the three-dimensional model of described target structures thing.
In conjunction with first aspect, embodiments provide the first possible embodiment of first aspect, wherein, described in step according in multiple described reference point, be in the point at edge, also comprise before drawing the frame line of described target structures thing:
Respectively by under each described reference point current coordinate system, XY face projects, to determine multiple subpoint;
Describedly be in the point at edge according in multiple described reference point, the frame line drawing described target structures thing comprises:
Select, in multiple described subpoint, to be positioned at the subpoint of edge as point;
According to multiple described point, to form the frame line of target structures thing.
In conjunction with first aspect, embodiments provide the embodiment that the second of first aspect is possible, wherein, in the multiple described subpoint of described selection, the subpoint being positioned at edge comprises as point:
Use local convex hull algorithm, network forming is carried out to multiple described subpoint, to form the triangulation network of target structures thing;
To the subpoint of described triangulation network coboundary be positioned at as point.
In conjunction with first aspect, embodiments provide the third possible embodiment of first aspect, wherein, described according to multiple described point, comprise with the frame line forming target structures thing:
The difference of angle and adjacent azimuthal angle is greater than the flex point of azimuthal summit as target structures thing of predetermined threshold value, described position angle be linked in sequence three adjacent point form the angle on two limits;
Matching is carried out successively, to determine many described frame lines according to the point between adjacent two flex points and two flex points.
In conjunction with first aspect, embodiments provide the 4th kind of possible embodiment of first aspect, wherein, also comprise: the frame line of described target structures thing is extended out, the graphics areas making whole described point be positioned at many described frame lines to be formed.
In conjunction with first aspect, embodiments provide the 5th kind of possible embodiment of first aspect, wherein, described basis is positioned at the building data of the frame line of described target structures thing, and the three-dimensional model forming described target structures thing comprises:
According to the building data being positioned at described target structures thing frame line, carry out the extraction of tier building data, to form the three-dimensional model of the described target structures thing of different levels.
In conjunction with first aspect, embodiments provide the 6th kind of possible embodiment of first aspect, wherein, described building data comprise: three-dimensional point data, TIN data and data texturing.
In conjunction with first aspect, embodiments provide the 7th kind of possible embodiment of first aspect, wherein, the specified point of described selection on target structures thing roof comprises as reference point:
The height of multiple shelters of the target structures thing region obtained;
Determine that the maximal value in the height of multiple described shelter is reference altitude;
Using the point of the specified three-dimensional higher than described reference altitude on the buildings that obtains in advance as described reference point.
In conjunction with first aspect, embodiments provide the 8th kind of possible embodiment of first aspect, wherein, the specified point of described selection on target structures thing roof comprises as reference point:
Select higher than the formulation three-dimensional point of described target structures thing half height as reference point.
Second aspect, the embodiment of the present invention additionally provides the buildings extraction element based on TIN data, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Select module, for selecting specified point on the target structures thing roof as reference point;
Reference point determination module, for by three dimensions height higher than the three-dimensional point of described reference point, as the reference point of target structures thing;
Frame line drafting module, for according in multiple described reference point, is in the point at edge, draws described target structures thing frame line;
Three-dimension modeling module, for according to the building data being positioned at described target structures thing frame line, forms the three-dimensional model of described target structures thing.
The specified point of selection on target structures thing roof is as reference point;
By three dimensions height higher than the three-dimensional point of reference point, as the reference point of target structures thing;
According in multiple reference point, be in the point at edge, draw target structures thing frame line;
According to the building data being positioned at target structures thing frame line, form the three-dimensional model of target structures thing.
In conjunction with first aspect, embodiments provide the first possible embodiment of first aspect, wherein, in step according in multiple reference point, be in the point at edge, also comprise before drawing target structures thing frame line:
Respectively by under each reference point current coordinate system, XY face projects, to determine multiple subpoint;
Be in the point at edge in multiple reference point that is linked in sequence, comprise to draw target structures thing frame line:
Select the subpoint being positioned at edge in multiple subpoint as point;
According to multiple point, to form target structures thing frame line.
In conjunction with first aspect, embodiments provide the embodiment that the second of first aspect is possible, wherein, select in multiple subpoint, the subpoint being positioned at edge comprises as point:
Use local convex hull algorithm, network forming is carried out to multiple subpoint, to form the triangulation network of target structures thing;
Using the frontier point that is positioned on the triangulation network as point.
In conjunction with first aspect, embodiments provide the third possible embodiment of first aspect, wherein, according to multiple point, comprise to form target structures thing frame line:
The difference of angle and adjacent azimuthal angle is greater than the flex point of azimuthal summit as target structures thing of predetermined threshold value, position angle be linked in sequence three adjacent point form the angle on two limits;
Matching is carried out successively, to determine many frame lines according to the point between adjacent two flex points and two flex points.
In conjunction with first aspect, embodiments provide the 4th kind of possible embodiment of first aspect, wherein, also comprise: the frame line of target structures thing is extended out, the graphics areas making whole point be positioned at many frame lines to be formed.
In conjunction with first aspect, embodiments provide the 5th kind of possible embodiment of first aspect, wherein, according to the building data being positioned at target structures thing frame line, the three-dimensional model forming target structures thing comprises:
According to the building data being positioned at target structures thing frame line, carry out the extraction of tier building data, to form the three-dimensional model of the target structures thing of different levels.
In conjunction with first aspect, embodiments provide the 6th kind of possible embodiment of first aspect, wherein, building data comprise: three-dimensional point data, TIN data and data texturing.
In conjunction with first aspect, embodiments provide the 7th kind of possible embodiment of first aspect, wherein, select the specified point on target structures thing roof to comprise as reference point:
The height of multiple shelters of the target structures thing region obtained;
Determine that the maximal value in the height of multiple shelter is reference altitude;
Using the point of the specified three-dimensional higher than described reference altitude on the buildings that obtains in advance as described reference point.
In conjunction with first aspect, embodiments provide the 8th kind of possible embodiment of first aspect, wherein, select the specified point on target structures thing roof to comprise as reference point:
Select higher than the formulation three-dimensional point of target structures thing half height as reference point.
Second aspect, the embodiment of the present invention additionally provides the buildings extraction element based on TIN data, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Select module, for selecting specified point on the target structures thing roof as reference point;
Reference point determination module, for by three dimensions height higher than the three-dimensional point of reference point, as the reference point of target structures thing;
Frame line drafting module, for according in multiple reference point, is in the point at edge, draws target structures thing frame line;
Three-dimension modeling module, for according to the building data being positioned at target structures thing frame line, forms the three-dimensional model of target structures thing.
The buildings extracting method based on TIN data that the embodiment of the present invention provides, adopt the mode determining accurate reference point, not do not carry out compared with the method for three-dimension modeling for three-D grain TIN data with of the prior art, it is by first have selected on target structures thing roof, specified point near roof is as reference point, thus the point avoiding the detached building caused due to trees or blocking of other barriers obtains inaccurate problem, and then by three dimensions height higher than the three-dimensional point of reference point, as the reference point of target structures thing, and because the point being in marginal position in three-dimensional point is as point, and then the acquisition scope of building data is determined according to the frame line that multiple point is formed, the three-dimensional model of final extraction target structures thing.
For making above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage become apparent, preferred embodiment cited below particularly, and coordinate appended accompanying drawing, be described in detail below.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment below, be to be understood that, the following drawings illustrate only some embodiment of the present invention, therefore the restriction to scope should be counted as, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other relevant accompanying drawings can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows the basic flow sheet of the buildings extracting method based on TIN data that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
What Fig. 2 showed the buildings extracting method based on TIN data that the embodiment of the present invention provides chooses buildings scope schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 shows multiple subpoint schematic diagram of the buildings extracting method based on TIN data that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 4 shows the point schematic diagram of the buildings extracting method based on TIN data that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
The use local convex hull algorithm that Fig. 5 shows the buildings extracting method based on TIN data that the embodiment of the present invention provides carries out the triangulation network schematic diagram of network forming;
Fig. 6 shows the triangulation network border schematic diagram of the buildings extracting method based on TIN data that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 7 shows the position angle schematic diagram of the buildings extracting method based on TIN data that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 8 shows the flex point schematic diagram of the buildings extracting method based on TIN data that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 9 shows the simplification flex point schematic diagram of the buildings extracting method based on TIN data that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Figure 10 shows the flex point matching schematic diagram of the buildings extracting method based on TIN data that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Figure 11 shows the amalgamation result schematic diagram after the flex point matching of the buildings extracting method based on TIN data that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
The frame line that Figure 12 shows the buildings extracting method based on TIN data that the embodiment of the present invention provides extends out schematic diagram;
Figure 13 a shows the schematic diagram of the outline line of the generation of the buildings extracting method based on TIN data that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
The schematic diagram of data in the generation outline line that Figure 13 b shows the buildings extracting method based on TIN data that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Figure 14 a shows the 0th stacked buildings and the TIN structural representation adding texture of the buildings extracting method based on TIN data that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Figure 14 b shows the 1st stacked buildings and the TIN structural representation adding texture of the buildings extracting method based on TIN data that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Figure 14 c shows the 2nd stacked buildings and the TIN structural representation adding texture of the buildings extracting method based on TIN data that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Figure 14 d shows the 3rd stacked buildings and the TIN structural representation adding texture of the buildings extracting method based on TIN data that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Figure 14 e shows the 4th stacked buildings and the TIN structural representation adding texture of the buildings extracting method based on TIN data that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Figure 14 f shows the 5th stacked buildings and the TIN structural representation adding texture of the buildings extracting method based on TIN data that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Figure 14 g shows the 6th stacked buildings and the TIN structural representation adding texture of the buildings extracting method based on TIN data that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Figure 14 h shows the 7th stacked buildings and the TIN structural representation adding texture of the buildings extracting method based on TIN data that the embodiment of the present invention provides.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.The assembly of the embodiment of the present invention describing and illustrate in usual accompanying drawing herein can be arranged with various different configuration and design.Therefore, below to the detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings and the claimed scope of the present invention of not intended to be limiting, but selected embodiment of the present invention is only represented.Based on embodiments of the invention, the every other embodiment that those skilled in the art obtain under the prerequisite not making creative work, all belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
In correlation technique, there is the extracting method of two kinds of buildingss, specific as follows:
1, based on the buildings extracting method of three-dimensional point cloud
The method mainly based on three dimensional point cloud through denoising, filtering etc. process after, space geometry information according to buildings carries out Target Segmentation, marginal point extraction, regular edges to buildings, finally extract the characteristic information of buildings, and then define the three-dimensional model of buildings.
2, based on the buildings acquisition method of photogrammetric measurement technology
After aviation image data are carried out aerotriangulation process, by manually gathering buildings key point, outline line under steric environment, realize the extraction of buildings.
But above two kinds of modes, when processing three-D grain TIN data, have certain limitation, specifically can be divided into two aspects:
1, because there is no topological structure between three-dimensional point cloud, the method extracting buildings from three dimensional point cloud is the geometric properties based on discrete three-dimensional point, the buildings extracted is mainly the some cloud of buildings and relevant profile information, the model that can not directly provide buildings complete, and there is certain False Rate in the result extracted, the building object point cloud obtained also needs to carry out modeling more just can obtain complete building model, thus affects efficiency.The three-D grain TIN data that these class methods are not suitable for having topological structure directly carry out building modeling.Wherein, some cloud, the point data set on the product appearance surface obtained by surveying instrument in reverse-engineering is also referred to as a cloud, and the fewer point of some quantity usually using three dimensional coordinate measuring machine to obtain is also larger with the spacing of point, is a sparse cloud; And the some cloud point number ratio using three-dimensional laser scanner or photographic-type scanner to obtain is comparatively large and than comparatively dense, be point of density cloud.
2, adopt photogrammetric method to carry out buildings and extract based on image data, be not suitable for three-D grain TIN data, and the method operation is comparatively loaded down with trivial details, need three-dimensional collection environment, extraction efficiency is lower, and the model of extraction needs texture; Buildings for complexity is then difficult to extract superficial makings information.
In view of this, this application provides the buildings extracting method based on TIN data, as shown in Figure 1, comprise the steps:
S101, the specified point of selection on target structures thing roof is as reference point;
S102, by three dimensions height higher than the three-dimensional point of reference point, as the reference point of target structures thing;
S103, according in multiple reference point, is in the point at edge, draws target structures thing frame line;
S104, according to the building data being positioned at target structures thing frame line, forms the three-dimensional model of target structures thing.
In step S101, target structures thing is the buildings needing Modling model.As shown in Figure 2, the part that many straight line inside in figure are irised out is the position of target structures thing.Determine that the object of reference point determines to obtain a scope of data.In step s 102, needing to choose the reference point on target structures thing, in order to avoid choosing the point on non-targeted buildings, therefore needing the reference point ensureing to choose to be the point with certain altitude.The effect that in step S101, reference point plays is just: limiting only just can be as a reference point by the three-dimensional point higher than reference point.Therefore, the height of reference point needs higher than barrier (as trees, bulletin board, street lamp), thus, after the obstacle height understanding certain community, then can determine the height of reference point.
It should be noted that, usually, under the scene of certain residential quarters, overriding concern be blocking of being formed as barrier of trees.Its reason is in residential quarters; the height of trees is normally higher than the height of bulletin board; the height of bulletin board and the similar elevation of adult; but the height of trees usually can higher than adult; thus; as long as ensure that the reference point selected is higher than higher barrier, and street lamp is usually comparatively thin, can not cause excessive impact to reconnaissance.Meanwhile, consider that the trees in half community are highly usual far below height of house, therefore, can point about select target buildings half height as reference point, or selection reference point in the scope of 10 meters of selecting to be above the ground level.Meanwhile, selected reference point can not be too high, if reference point is too high, the quantity of the effective reference point collected can be caused very few, therefore, can in the scope of target structures thing overall height half to 3/4 selection reference point.The scope of certain selection reference point can also adjust accordingly according to the concrete shape of buildings.If buildings is irregularly shaped, then can also determine the scope of reference point in the projection of shape of bottom surface according to buildings.
It should be noted that, the reference point selected in step S101, just need to determine an altitude line, therefore, step S101 can be understood as a certain height determined on the target structures thing roof as with reference to height; Step S102 can be understood as: by three dimensions height higher than the three-dimensional point of preset reference height, as the reference point of target structures thing.
In step S103, find out the reference point being positioned at marginal position according to the reference point got.First whole reference point is projected to XY face (that is, whole reference point all being carried out XY plane projection), and then obtains the multiple subpoints without height value.In the multiple subpoints obtained, will be positioned at the subpoint on border as point, as shown in Figure 3, shown in figure tri-is multiple subpoints, and shown in Fig. 4 is the subpoint being positioned at edge in subpoint.Namely these subpoints being positioned at edge are point.Namely point is that the marginal point of target structures xsect is linked in sequence these point, then executing rule, the operation such as to extend out, and just can determine the frame line of target structures thing.
And then, in step S104, as long as select the building data being positioned at the frame line of target structures thing, just can form the three-dimensional model of described target structures thing.
The main difficulty setting up target structures thing three-dimensional model how to select data accurately.If do not perform step S101 and step S102, be then difficult to determine frame line accurately, be also just difficult to determine which part needs obtain and build data.Performing step S101 can by manually completing, also can be completed by equipment, as the outline scope of buildings manually can be drawn out, and artificial selection reference point (also can be understood as the reference altitude of a selection benchmark), remaining work is completed by equipment again.Also can be equipment perform select reference point time, limiting reference altitude (can by manually arranging) in advance, then, automatically selecting the three-dimensional point of this reference altitude of height as a reference point.
Namely concrete, described in step according in multiple described reference point, be in the point at edge, also comprise before drawing the frame line of described target structures thing:
Respectively by under each described reference point current coordinate system, XY face projects, to determine multiple subpoint;
Describedly be in the point at edge according in multiple described reference point, the frame line drawing described target structures thing comprises:
Select, in multiple described subpoint, to be positioned at the subpoint of edge as point;
According to multiple described point, to form the frame line of target structures thing.
Concrete, step is selected in multiple subpoint, and the subpoint being positioned at edge comprises as point:
Use local convex hull algorithm, network forming is carried out to multiple subpoint, to form the triangulation network of target structures thing;
To the subpoint of triangulation network coboundary be positioned at as point.
As shown in Figure 5, what illustrate is that the three-dimensional point in Fig. 3 is carried out the result after plane network forming, and then in Fig. 6, selects the subpoint on the triangulation network border formed in Fig. 5 as point.
Concrete, step, according to multiple point, comprises to form target structures thing frame line:
The difference of angle and adjacent azimuthal angle is greater than the flex point of azimuthal summit as target structures thing of predetermined threshold value, position angle be linked in sequence three adjacent point form the angle on two limits;
Matching is carried out successively, to determine many frame lines according to the point between adjacent two flex points and two flex points.
Flex point refers to the turning point of building roof outside surface.By determining flex point, the shape of determination building roof that just can be comparatively easy.As shown in Figure 6, be the sideline that point formed that is linked in sequence, also can be understood as the boundary line of the triangulation network using local convex hull algorithm to be formed.The angle of each deflection on the triangulation network shown in survey sheet 6, wherein, position angle be linked in sequence three adjacent point form the angle on two limits.As shown in Figure 7, the angle on two limits that three adjacent point are formed is position angles, and position angle shows the turnover amplitude of two adjacent limits at this point.Therefore when the amplitude of turnover (i.e. position angle) change is greater than default threshold value, then illustrate that this azimuthal summit is the flex point of target structures thing.Specifically, as adjacent five point (1,2,3,4,5) of order can form three position angles, be angle 123, angle 234 and angle 345 respectively.Numerical value as 234-angle, angle 123 is excessive, then illustrate that 2 or 3 is flex points, now can also verify the difference of the angle of angle 123 and another adjacent angular further respectively, the difference of the angle of angle 234 and another adjacent angular, and then judges that 2 and 3 which point are flex points.Numerical value as 234-angle, angle 345 is also excessive, then illustrate that 3 is flex points.Camber line in Fig. 7 in circle is the angle at angle, circle interior orientation, obviously, superposed azimuthal angle changing value be greater than be positioned at middle part azimuthal angle changing value, as can be seen here, superposed azimuthal summit is flex point.In this manner, can determine multiple flex point in multiple point, as shown in Figure 8, namely the round dot that diameter is larger is flex point, and the initial point that diameter is less is general point.
Then can also simplify the flex point determined, as shown in Figure 9, be point simplified according to corner position characteristic consistent with azimuthal variation trend, eliminating the inappropriate flex point of part, is the flex point finally determined in Fig. 9.
After determining flex point, carry out matching (as least square fitting) according to the point between adjacent two flex points and this two flex points, just can determine the outline line (roofline) of target structures thing, i.e. frame line.In this step, the frame line obtained can also be merged, as shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11, Figure 10 is the frame line before merging, Figure 11 is the frame line after merging, and namely less for amplitude of variation two frame lines are merged into one, by these two frame lines, (amplitude of variation is less, and next-door neighbour/close two frame lines) on some matching again, form a new frame line.
Finally, after determining frame line, also need to extend out the frame line of target structures thing, the figure making whole point be arranged in many frame lines to be formed.
The frame line not carrying out extending out just have passed through the line of roof contour point on target structures thing, but cannot comprise points (on outside surface) whole on target complete buildings.Therefore, also need to extend out frame line, can ensure can include whole point in the figure that frame line surrounds, include in other words conj.or perhaps three-dimensional point whole on target structures thing (herein caused including refer to the whole three-dimensional point on target structures thing be projected to XY face after, form tripleplane's point and be all arranged in the figure that frame line surrounds).As shown in figure 12, Figure 12 shows the direction being carried out by frame line extending out, that is, towards away from frame line surround the direction at the center of figure, and when movement, be move in parallel.
Because three-D grain TIN is a kind of continuous print integrated upright body Model, and each building single body Model may be made up of multiple OSG file, what adopt is that the mode that point page node and other nodes combine carries out Organization of Data, itself structure contains the many levels of model so that user simplifies browsing glibly and using between level most being fine to most, so the data structure extracting result and three-D grain TIN in order to realize buildings is consistent, namely the extraction of the building model of different level of detail is realized, the data of all level of detail that the contour of building line scope needing foundation preceding step to obtain is relevant to three-D grain TIN structure ask friendship, extract the data within the scope of frame line, then according to from most detailed level to the order simplifying most layer, and carry out information (building data) extraction (point layer by layer according to original data structure, TIN and texture), finally successively model is exported, and then obtain the complete model of buildings.
Namely, step is according to the building data being positioned at described target structures thing frame line, and the three-dimensional model forming described target structures thing comprises:
According to the building data being positioned at described target structures thing frame line, carry out the extraction of tier building data, to form the three-dimensional model of the described target structures thing of different levels.
The buildings that the method that this application provides is extracted is consistent with initial data structure, is convenient to loading and the scheduling of the buildings data of different level of detail, and can keeps the seamless connection of buildings and terrain data and texture.By the outline line of semi-automatic collection, according to initialized scene hierarchical relationship, extraction is positioned at the data (point, TIN and texture) of outline line scope as shown in figure 13, wherein 13a is the outline line generated according to manual contours's line, Figure 13 b is the model that the data within the scope of Extracting contour are formed, and records structure relation and the texture corresponding relation of its triangulation network, reorganizes data texturing, thus export building single body Model, complete the foundation of three-dimensional model building.The complexity of the model wherein exported is higher, and the level of generation model is more, as shown in Figure 14 a-Figure 14 h, and the three-dimensional model generated after providing different levels superposition texture successively.
Wherein, build data to comprise: three-dimensional point data, TIN data and data texturing.
Concrete, step S101, selects the specified point on target structures thing roof to comprise as reference point:
11, the height of multiple shelters of the target structures thing region of acquisition;
12, determine that the maximal value in the height of multiple shelter is reference altitude;
13, using the point of the specified three-dimensional higher than described reference altitude on the buildings that obtains in advance as described reference point.
In step 11, the height of shelter can be carry out surveying obtaining at Target cell (community at target structures thing place), other also can be used to survey high mode (as photography etc.) and get.In step 12, need the maximal value in the height of shelter as reference height, and then, in step 13, using the specified three-dimensional point higher than reference altitude as reference point, also can be directly perform step S102 according to reference altitude, the three dimensions height be about to higher than the three-dimensional point of described reference altitude, as the reference point of target structures thing.
Certainly, in order to simplify calculating, step S101, selection near the specified point on target structures thing roof as reference point can also be:
Select higher than the formulation three-dimensional point of target structures thing half height as reference point.
1, compared with the conventional method, the buildings extracting method based on TIN data that the application provides, gathers contour of building line by semiautomatic fashion, avoid artificial collection wheel profile not only time-consuming, and contour of building line and buildings the shortcoming of not exclusively fitting; Also adopt and draw the outline scope of buildings and the mode of preset reference point, ensure that the building data of acquisition are on target structures thing, avoid the interference of the barriers such as trees; Extracting contour is carried out to the roof data of buildings, outline line simplifies, outline line extends out, outline line extends out the works for the treatment of such as inspection, automatically extracts the outline line of buildings.The method can improve picking rate and the accuracy of outline line, improves the extraction efficiency of building single body Model.
2, integrated three-dimensional model is divided into monomer one by one by the method that the application provides, be conducive to carrying out applied analysis for special object, also holistic management is conducive to, overcome the integrated three-dimensional model that present oblique aerial remote sensing image automated processing system is produced, be not easy to carry out the shortcoming of the analysis of single building, application and management.
3, compared with the method provided in correlation technique, the method operation that the application provides is simple, extraction efficiency is high, the effect of What You See Is What You Get can be reached, the data of the complete preservation buildings of energy and hierarchical structure, and not by the restriction of buildings complexity, the buildings extracted and the structure of terrain data and texture seamless connection, achieve and browse based on the seamless of LOD.
The embodiment of the present invention additionally provides the buildings extraction element based on TIN data, comprising:
Select module, for selecting specified point on the target structures thing roof as reference point;
Reference point determination module, for by three dimensions height higher than the three-dimensional point of reference point, as the reference point of target structures thing;
Frame line drafting module, for according in multiple reference point, is in the point at edge, draws target structures thing frame line;
Three-dimension modeling module, for according to the building data being positioned at target structures thing frame line, forms the three-dimensional model of target structures thing.
The device that the embodiment of the present invention provides, its technique effect realizing principle and generation is identical with preceding method embodiment, is concise and to the point description, and the not mentioned part of device embodiment part can with reference to corresponding contents in preceding method embodiment.
Those skilled in the art can be well understood to, and for convenience and simplicity of description, the device of foregoing description and the specific works process of module, with reference to the corresponding process in preceding method embodiment, can not repeat them here.
The above; be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; change can be expected easily or replace, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should described be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.
Claims (10)
1., based on the buildings extracting method of TIN data, it is characterized in that, comprising:
The specified point of selection on target structures thing roof is as reference point;
By three dimensions height higher than the three-dimensional point of described reference point, as the reference point of target structures thing;
According in multiple described reference point, be in the point at edge, draw the frame line of described target structures thing;
According to the building data of frame line being positioned at described target structures thing, form the three-dimensional model of described target structures thing.
2. the buildings extracting method based on TIN data according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described in step according in multiple described reference point, be in the point at edge, also comprise before drawing the frame line of described target structures thing:
Respectively by under each described reference point current coordinate system, XY face projects, to determine multiple subpoint;
Describedly be in the point at edge according in multiple described reference point, the frame line drawing described target structures thing comprises:
Select, in multiple described subpoint, to be positioned at the subpoint of edge as point;
According to multiple described point, to form the frame line of target structures thing.
3. the buildings extracting method based on TIN data according to claim 2, is characterized in that, in the multiple described subpoint of described selection, the subpoint being positioned at edge comprises as point:
Use local convex hull algorithm, network forming is carried out to multiple described subpoint, to form the triangulation network of target structures thing;
To the subpoint of described triangulation network coboundary be positioned at as point.
4. the buildings extracting method based on TIN data according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described according to multiple described point, comprises with the frame line forming target structures thing:
The difference of angle and adjacent azimuthal angle is greater than the flex point of azimuthal summit as target structures thing of predetermined threshold value, described position angle be linked in sequence three adjacent point form the angle on two limits;
Matching is carried out successively, to determine many described frame lines according to the point between adjacent two flex points and two flex points.
5. the buildings extracting method based on TIN data according to claim 4, is characterized in that, also comprise: extend out the frame line of described target structures thing, the graphics areas making whole described point be positioned at many described frame lines to be formed.
6. the buildings extracting method based on TIN data according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described basis is positioned at the building data of the frame line of described target structures thing, and the three-dimensional model forming described target structures thing comprises:
According to the building data being positioned at described target structures thing frame line, carry out the extraction of tier building data, to form the three-dimensional model of the described target structures thing of different levels.
7. the buildings extracting method based on TIN data according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described building data comprise: three-dimensional point data, TIN data and data texturing.
8. the buildings extracting method based on TIN data according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the specified point of described selection on target structures thing roof comprises as reference point:
The height of multiple shelters of the target structures thing region obtained;
Determine that the maximal value in the height of multiple described shelter is reference altitude;
Using the point of the specified three-dimensional higher than described reference altitude on the buildings that obtains in advance as described reference point.
9. the buildings extracting method based on TIN data according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the specified point of described selection on target structures thing roof comprises as reference point:
Select higher than the formulation three-dimensional point of described target structures thing half height as reference point.
10., based on the buildings extraction element of TIN data, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Select module, for selecting specified point on the target structures thing roof as reference point;
Reference point determination module, for by three dimensions height higher than the three-dimensional point of described reference point, as the reference point of target structures thing;
Frame line drafting module, for according in multiple described reference point, is in the point at edge, draws described target structures thing frame line;
Three-dimension modeling module, for according to the building data being positioned at described target structures thing frame line, forms the three-dimensional model of described target structures thing.
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