CN103196488B - For the photonic crystal fiber grating method for sensing that magnetic field and temperature are detected simultaneously - Google Patents
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- CN103196488B CN103196488B CN201310077758.0A CN201310077758A CN103196488B CN 103196488 B CN103196488 B CN 103196488B CN 201310077758 A CN201310077758 A CN 201310077758A CN 103196488 B CN103196488 B CN 103196488B
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Abstract
The present invention proposes the photonic crystal fiber grating method for sensing simultaneously detected for magnetic field and temperature.There is double resonance peak (the coupling LP between the basic mode of forward and reverse propagation
01, the LP that is coupled of basic mode and cladding mode
02) photonic crystal fiber grating airport in fill magnetic field and temperature sensitive water base Fe
3o
4magnetic fluid, with magnetic field and temperature variation, its harmonic peak is moved, and adopts dual wavelength matrix method, realizes detecting magnetic field and temperature simultaneously.Simulation result shows, temperature 20 ~ 80 DEG C change time, LP
01and LP
02temperature change sensitivity be respectively-1.225 × 10
-2nm/ DEG C and-1.5933 × 10
-2nm/ DEG C.When magnetic field changes between 20 ~ 300Oe, LP
01and LP
02changes of magnetic field sensitivity be respectively 1.07143 × 10
-5nm/Oe and 6.17857 × 10
-4nm/Oe.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the photonic crystal fiber grating method for sensing simultaneously detected for magnetic field and temperature, belong to microoptoelectronic device design field.
Background technology
Fiber-optic grating sensor have highly sensitive, fast response time, dynamic range are large, anti-electromagnetic interference capability is strong, superelevation electrical isolation, advantage (the document 1. Y. J.Rao that anti-flaming, explosion-proof, security performance is high, corrosion-resistant, rich material resources, cost are low, volume is little, dexterity is light, easy to use, " In-fibre Bragg grating sensors. " Meas.Sci.Technol., 1997,8 (4): 355-375).Be widely used in the measurement etc. of magnetic, sound, power, temperature, displacement, rotation, acceleration, liquid level, strain, optical, electrical pressure, electric current, biography picture and some chemical quantity, application prospect is very wide.But adopt ordinary optic fibre grating to there are some shortcomings being difficult to overcome as the sensor of sensitive element, as comparatively large in coupling loss and polarization property is poor, limits the further raising of fiber-optic grating sensor performance.The mid-90 in 20th century, the people such as the Knight of Bath university of Britain develop a kind of photonic crystal fiber (Photonic crystal fiber first, PCF) (document 2. J. C. Knight, T. A. Birks, D. M. Atkin and P. St. J. Rusell, " Pure silica single-mode fiber with hexagonal photonic crystal cladding. " OFC'96 Optical Fiber Communication, Technical Digest Series 1996, 2:CH35901.), it is the optical fiber of the special construction based on photonic crystal technology.Usually be made up of single quartz material, along optical wavelength magnitude evenly distributed on the direction of fiber lengths airport thus form microstructure cladding.From fiber end face, there is two-dimensional periodic structure.This optical fiber has many advantages, as having (the document 3. M. D. Nielsen such as broadband single mode, high non-linearity, big mode field area, controllable dispersion, J. R. Folkenberg, N. A. Mortensen, A. Bjarklev, " Bandwidth comparison of photonic crystal fibers and conventional single-mode fibers. " Opt. Exp., 2004,12 (3): 430-435.).Technology processed is write in conjunction with traditional fiber grating, mix on the photonic crystal fiber (PCF) of germanium at fibre core, can write and make novel photonic crystal fiber grating (Photonic Crystal Fiber Bragg Grating, PCFBG) (document 4. B. J. Eggleton, P. S. Westbrook, R. S. Windeler. " Grating resonances in air-silica micro-structured optical fibers. " Optics Letters, 1999,24 (21): 1460-1462.).In photonic crystal fiber covering, the existence of airport changes and has enriched the mode characteristic of traditional fiber, and grating is exactly the Energy Coupling between these patterns fundamentally, the a series of programmable good characteristic of photonic crystal fiber makes the grating of system of writing to present brand-new characteristic (the document 5. Y.P. Wang being different from general single mode fiber grating, L. M. Xiao, D.N.Wang, and W. Jin. " Highly sensitive long-period fiber-grating strain sensor with low temperature sensitivity. " Optics Letters, 2006, 31 (23): 3414-3416.), as having good stability, the characteristic that large-scale wide-band tuning characteristic etc. are excellent, the sensor adopting photonic crystal fiber grating to form is expected to the problem that solution traditional fiber grating is difficult to overcome.
Temperature sensor and magnetic field sensor are most widely used fiber-optic grating sensors in productive life, and run into one very large challenge is exactly cross sensitivity problem (document 6. Xiao Xi in temperature and magnetic field in the process of application, Zhou Xiaojun. " present Research of fiber-optic grating sensor temperature and strain cross sensitivity. " infrared .2008,29 (3): 7-10.).How to get rid of the cross sensitivity in temperature and magnetic field in sensing data, the parameter to be measured needed for acquisition becomes an important topic in grating sensing research.It is the effective means solving cross sensitivity problem that two parameter is measured simultaneously.Researcher is proposed a series of solution, as (document 7. P. S. Reddy. " A simple FBG sensor for strain-temperature discrimination. " Microwave and optical technology letters that two sensing elements are together in series, 2011,, and this two sensing elements the susceptibility of different measuring parameter be there are differences 53 (5): 1021-1024.).As long as be aware of the sensing characteristics of these two sensing elements in advance, in actual applications by measurement data solve simultaneous equations just can draw respectively two to be measured.And this method is owing to comprising the cascade of two sensing elements, the size of sensing probe is comparatively large, can not meet the requirement of some special occasions needs spot measurement.Portugal scholar Hugo F. Lima utilizationization chirp grating is as sensing element, adopt two parameter matrix method to achieve biparametric and measure (document 8. F. L. Hugo. " Simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature with a single fiber bragg grating written in a tapered optical fiber. " IEEE sensors journal. 2010,10 (2): 269-273.).And this method uses special fiber grating, the manufacture difficulty of special fiber grating is very large, and light wave demodulation is very difficult.
The existence of airport in photonic crystal fiber grating, measures for parameter simultaneously and provides new method.By filling responsive material in airport, the change of outer parameter can cause photonic crystal fiber grating transport property to change, and then can realize the measurement of outer parameter.Magnetic fluid is a kind of new function material occurred in recent years, not only there is the magnetic of magnetic material but also there is mobility (the document 9. Y. Zhao of liquid, Y.Y. Zhang, R.Q. Lv, Q. Wang, " Novel optical devices based on the tunable refractive index of magnetic fluid and their characteristics. " Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2011,323 (23): 2987-2996), the change in its refractive index versus temperature, magnetic field is more responsive.The present invention proposes magnetic fluid to be filled into be had two harmonic peaks (one is the result LP be coupled between the basic mode of forward and reverse propagation
01, another is the result LP that basic mode is coupled with cladding mode
02) photonic crystal fiber grating airport in, because magnetic fluid refractive index has magnetic field and temperature dependency, cause along with external magnetic field or temperature variation, the wavelength of photonic crystal fiber grating harmonic peak can be moved, and the susceptibility that different harmonic peak changes different parameters is inconsistent, by dual wavelength matrix method, measure while realizing temperature and magnetic field, solve the cross sensitivity problem between temperature and magnetic field simultaneously.In addition, by selecting the magnetic fluid of different physical properties, the measurement range in temperature and magnetic field can be changed.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical matters that will solve
The object of the invention is to overcome the shortcomings such as traditional fiber grating sensor coupling loss is comparatively large, polarization property is poor, improve stability and the measurement sensistivity of sensor, solve temperature and the magnetic field cross sensitivity problem of fiber-optic grating sensor, realize utilizing a grating to carry out the measurement in temperature and magnetic field simultaneously.
(2) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes to be used for the photonic crystal fiber grating method for sensing that magnetic field and temperature detect simultaneously.The method writes grating processed on the fibre core that fibre core mixes the photonic crystal fiber of germanium, then in the airport of grating periphery, magnetic fluid is filled, because magnetic fluid refractive index has magnetic field and temperature dependency, cause when the external magnetic field be applied on photonic crystal fiber grating or temperature variation, the wavelength of photonic crystal fiber grating harmonic peak can be moved, and the susceptibility of different harmonic peak to magnetic field and temperature variation is inconsistent, adopt dual wavelength matrix method, measure while temperature and magnetic field can be realized.
In such scheme, the photonic crystal fiber that described fibre core mixes germanium is four layers of hexagonal structure, adopts kapillary to pile up drawing process and is prepared from.Concrete manufacture process to be piled up according to the periodic structure of desired design and to fuse shaping kapillary, solid germanium quartz pushrod and the quartz socket tube mixed, and then prepares photonic crystal fiber through repeatedly wire drawing.
In such scheme, described photonic crystal fiber grating structure utilizes phase masks to mix on the photonic crystal fiber of germanium at fibre core to write system, long
l=2cm, the cycle
p fBG=536 μm.
In such scheme, the magnetic fluid of filling in photonic crystal fiber grating airport, selection concentration is the water base Fe of 3%
3o
4magnetic fluid, its thermo-optical coeffecient is-2.4 × 10
-4/ oC, magneto-optic coefficient is 4.98 × 10
-5/ Oe.By capillary action, magnetic fluid is filled in photonic crystal fiber grating.In order to make the magnetic current physical efficiency useful effect of filling in fiber grating region, by fill magnetic fluid photonic crystal fiber grating two ends around on two solenoids, with it, magnetic fluid is moved around, can not only ensure the homogeneity that magnetic fluid is filled, more adjustable controls the filling position of magnetic fluid.
In such scheme, the harmonic peak number of photonic crystal fiber grating is determined by the structural parameters of photonic crystal fiber.Airport diameter
d=8 μm, pitch of holes
Λ=10
μm, mix germanium core diameter
d co=1 μm, refractive index is
n co=1.4566, optical fiber inner cladding diameter
d cl=31 μm, optical fiber jacket diameter
d=125 μm, there are two kinds of patterns in the photonic crystal fiber of this structure, and the grating writing system thereon has two harmonic peaks.
In such scheme, ambient temperature changes, when referring to that the working temperature of photonic crystal fiber grating changes to 80 DEG C from 20 DEG C, and harmonic peak LP
01effective refractive index change to 1.446355 by 1.44706, harmonic peak LP
02effective refractive index change to 1.443526 by 1.444678.By can be calculated harmonic peak LP
01temperature change sensitivity be-1.225 × 10
-2nm/oC, harmonic peak LP
02temperature change sensitivity be-1.5933 × 10
-2nm/oC.
In such scheme, external magnetic field changes, when referring to that suffered by photonic crystal fiber grating, magnetic field is increased to 300Oe by 20Oe, and harmonic peak LP
01effective refractive index change to 1.446323 by 1.44632, harmonic peak LP
02effective refractive index change to 1.444474 by 1.444154.By can be calculated harmonic peak LP
01changes of magnetic field sensitivity be 1.07143 × 10
-5nm/Oe, harmonic peak LP
02changes of magnetic field sensitivity be 6.17857 × 10
-4nm/Oe.
(3) beneficial effect
As can be seen from technique scheme, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1) sensor utilizing photonic crystal fiber grating to form, compared with traditional fiber grating sensor, there is good stability, the characteristic that large-scale wide-band tuning characteristic etc. are excellent, overcome the shortcomings such as traditional fiber grating sensor coupling loss is comparatively large, polarization property is poor, improve stability and the measurement sensistivity of sensor;
2) the present invention propose this based on magnetic fluid fill photonic crystal fiber grating magnetic field and temperature Simultaneous Detection, solve the cross sensitivity problem between magnetic field and temperature, for two-parameter measurement provides new method;
3) the present invention propose this based on magnetic fluid fill photonic crystal fiber grating magnetic field and temperature Simultaneous Detection, achieve simple optical fiber two-parameter measurement, reduce the size of sensing probe widely, the requirement of some occasion needs spot measurement can also be met.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The structural parameters of the photonic crystal fiber grating that following figure gets and to fill the refractive index size of magnetic fluid all identical with embodiment:
Fig. 1 is fibre core photonic crystal fiber optical grating construction schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the mode distributions figure of fibre core photonic crystal fiber on xy xsect;
Fig. 3 fills the photonic crystal fiber grating of magnetic fluid in room temperature, without the reflectance spectrum under magnetic fields, harmonic peak LP
01for the forward and reverse propagation coupling result of basic mode; Harmonic peak LP
02for basic mode and cladding mode coupling result;
Fig. 4 is photonic crystal fiber grating harmonic peak LP
01, LP
02effective refractive index and the relation of temperature;
Fig. 5 is photonic crystal fiber grating harmonic peak LP
01, LP
02variable quantity and the relation of temperature;
Fig. 6 is photonic crystal fiber grating harmonic peak LP
01, LP
02effective refractive index and the relation in magnetic field;
Fig. 7 is photonic crystal fiber grating harmonic peak LP
01, LP
02variable quantity and the relation in magnetic field.
Embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly understand, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and with reference to accompanying drawing, concrete structure of the present invention, principle and measuring process are described in further detail.
The present invention proposes the photonic crystal fiber grating method for sensing simultaneously detected for magnetic field and temperature, be illustrated in figure 1 fibre core photonic crystal fiber optical grating construction schematic diagram.
In the construction shown in fig. 1, airport diameter
d=8 μm, pitch of holes
Λ=10
μm, mix germanium core diameter
d co=1 μm, refractive index is
n co=1.4566, thermo-optical coeffecient is 7.5 × 10
-6/ oC.Optical fiber inner cladding diameter
d cl=31 μm, optical fiber jacket diameter D=125 μm, the effective refractive index of quartz
n si=1.4466, thermo-optical coeffecient is 7.0 × 10
-6/ oC, thermal expansivity 5.0 × 10
-5/ DEG C, before not filling, the refractive index of all airports is 1.0.
Under the light of wavelength nm acts in the z-direction, the distribution of the effective mould field utilizing comsol software to calculate photonic crystal fiber on xz xsect as shown in Figure 2.Can it is evident that to there are two kinds of effective low step modes, basic mode and cladding modes.The expression formula of fundamental resonance wavelength and cladding mode resonant wavelength is respectively formula (1) and formula (2):
（1）
（2）
In formula,
for the effective refractive index of basic mode,
for the cycle of photonic crystal fiber grating,
for the effective refractive index of cladding mode.Utilize transfer matrix method to obtain photonic crystal fiber grating reflectance spectrum as shown in Figure 3, the resonance wavelength of reflectance spectrum is respectively 1551.45nm and 1550.14nm.
When outer parameters of temperature changes, magnetic fluid, quartz and mix the refractive index of germanium fibre core can variation with temperature and changing, meanwhile, quartz, mix germanium fibre core and also there is thermal expansion character, cause photonic crystal airport diameter and spacing also can variation with temperature and changing.So the change of temperature will inevitably cause the change of photonic crystal fiber grating transport property.For harmonic peak LP
01wave length shift by formula (3) determine,
（3）
In formula:
,
represent thermo-optical coeffecient and the thermal expansivity of the basic mode of PCFBG respectively,
for temperature variation.
For harmonic peak LP
02wave length shift determined by formula (4):
（4）
Wherein
represent the thermo-optical coeffecient of cladding mode in PCFBG.
Quartz material thermo-optical coeffecient and thermal expansivity are respectively 7.0 × 10
-6/ oC and 5.0 × 10
-5/ DEG C.Concentration is the water base Fe of 3%
3o
4magnetic fluid thermo-optical coeffecient is-2.4 × 10
-4/ oC, mixing germanium fibre core thermo-optical coeffecient is 7.5 × 10
-6/ oC, utilizes comsol software, can calculate the effective refractive index of different mode under different temperatures, as Fig. 4, then carry out matching to data, just can obtain the thermo-optical coeffecient of different communication mode.Calculate the relation between temperature and resonance wavelength variable quantity further, as shown in Figure 5.Harmonic peak LP can be obtained
01temperature change sensitivity
for-1.225 × 10
-2nm/oC, harmonic peak LP
02temperature change sensitivity
for-1.5933 × 10
-2nm/oC.
When outer parameter magnetic field changes, magnetic field does not affect photonic crystals optical fiber structure parameter, but owing to being filled with the magnetic fluid of magnetic susceptibility in the airport of photonic crystal fiber, when causing changes of magnetic field, cause the change of pattern effective refractive index, and then affect the harmonic peak drift of photonic crystal fiber grating.For harmonic peak LP
01wave length shift determined by formula (5):
（5）
In formula:
represent the magneto-optic coefficient of basic mode in PCFBG,
for changes of magnetic field amount.
For harmonic peak LP
02wave length shift determined by formula (6):
（6）
In formula:
represent the magneto-optic coefficient of cladding mode in PCFBG.
Utilize comsol software, the effective refractive index of different mode under different magnetic field can be calculated, as Fig. 6, then matching is carried out to data, just can obtain the magneto-optic coefficient of different communication mode.Calculate the relation between magnetic field and resonance wavelength variable quantity further, as shown in Figure 7.Harmonic peak LP can be obtained
01changes of magnetic field sensitivity be 1.07143 × 10
-5nm/Oe, harmonic peak LP
02changes of magnetic field sensitivity be 6.17857 × 10
-4nm/Oe.。
Formula (7) is obtained according to double UV check is theoretical:
（7）
Obvious by monitoring
with
size, the size in temperature and magnetic field can be recorded.
Claims (6)
1. for photonic crystal fiber grating method for sensing that magnetic field and temperature are detected simultaneously, it is characterized in that: magnetic fluid is filled into and has in the photonic crystal fiber grating airport of two harmonic peaks, one of them harmonic peak is just, the result be coupled between the basic mode of backpropagation, another harmonic peak is the result that basic mode is coupled with cladding mode, because magnetic fluid refractive index has magnetic field and temperature dependency, cause along with external magnetic field or temperature variation, the wavelength of photonic crystal fiber grating harmonic peak can be moved, adopt dual wavelength matrix method, measure while realizing temperature and magnetic field.
2. the photonic crystal fiber grating method for sensing simultaneously detected for magnetic field and temperature as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: choose the photonic crystal fiber that fibre core mixes 4 layers of hexagonal airport structure of germanium, airport diameter
d=8 μm, pitch of holes
Λ=10
μm, mix germanium core diameter
d co=1 μm, refractive index is
n co=1.4566, thermo-optical coeffecient is 7.5 × 10
-6/ oC; Optical fiber inner cladding diameter
d cl=31 μm, optical fiber jacket diameter
d=125 μm, the effective refractive index of silicon
n si=1.4466, thermo-optical coeffecient is 7.0 × 10
-6/ oC, thermal expansivity 5.0 × 10
-5/ DEG C, before not filling, the refractive index of all airports is 1.0; Fibre core is write system long
l=2cm, the cycle
p fBGthe grating of=536 μm.
3. the photonic crystal fiber grating method for sensing simultaneously detected for magnetic field and temperature as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: when the working temperature of photonic crystal fiber grating is 20 DEG C, in airport, fill the water base Fe that refractive index is 1.3592, concentration is 3%
3o
4magnetic fluid, its thermo-optical coeffecient is-2.4 × 10
-4/ oC, magneto-optic coefficient is 4.98 × 10
-5/ Oe; Fill length identical with grating length.
4. the photonic crystal fiber grating method for sensing simultaneously detected for magnetic field and temperature as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: when the working temperature of photonic crystal fiber grating changes to 80 DEG C from 20 DEG C, magnetic fluid in airport, the refractive index of mixing germanium fibre core and silicon can variation with temperature and changing, the size of airport and spacing also can change, and cause photonic crystal fiber pattern effective refractive index to change; Screen periods also can variation with temperature and changing in addition; And then cause two of photonic crystal fiber grating harmonic peak wavelength to drift about.
5. the photonic crystal fiber grating method for sensing simultaneously detected for magnetic field and temperature as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: when external magnetic field is applied to photonic crystal fiber grating, 300Oe is increased to by 20Oe, in airport, the refractive index of magnetic fluid can change with the change in magnetic field, cause photonic crystal fiber pattern effective refractive index to change, and then cause two of photonic crystal fiber grating harmonic peak wavelength to drift about.
6. as claim 4 or the photonic crystal fiber grating method for sensing detected for magnetic field and temperature according to claim 5 simultaneously, it is characterized in that: when on the photonic crystal fiber grating that external parameter temperature and magnetic field are applied to magnetic fluid filling simultaneously, two of photonic crystal fiber grating harmonic peak wavelength can be caused to drift about, and the susceptibility that different harmonic peak changes different parameters is inconsistent, by dual wavelength matrix method, measure while realizing temperature and magnetic field.
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