CN102636197A - Cascade acoustic microstructure optical fiber long cycle grating interferometer - Google Patents
Cascade acoustic microstructure optical fiber long cycle grating interferometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN102636197A CN102636197A CN2012101419579A CN201210141957A CN102636197A CN 102636197 A CN102636197 A CN 102636197A CN 2012101419579 A CN2012101419579 A CN 2012101419579A CN 201210141957 A CN201210141957 A CN 201210141957A CN 102636197 A CN102636197 A CN 102636197A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cascade acoustic microstructure optical fiber long cycle grating interferometer which comprises a light source, a 3dB coupler, a microstructure optical fiber, two three-dimensional regulation frames, a signal generator, a piezoelectric ceramic chip, an acoustic amplifier, an acoustic damper, a spectrum analyzer, a connecting single-mode optical fiber and a lead, and belongs to the technical field of optical fiber induction. A sine electric signal is generated through the signal generator, acts on the piezoelectric ceramic chip, is converted into an acoustic signal, amplified through the acoustic amplifier and laterally loaded to the microstructure optical fiber to form an acoustic long cycle optical fiber grating, and then a Mach-Zehnder interference effect is formed through a high reverse film; and an induction optical fiber is corroded to generate an evanescent field and is arranged in an environment to be measured. In addition, a functional material is filled into the cladding air hole of the microstructure optical fiber, so that an electric field, a magnetic filed and the like can be measured and the induction sensitivity is further improved. The cascade acoustic microstructure optical fiber long cycle grating interferometer has the advantages that the structure is simple, the tunability is good, the sensitivity is high, and refractive index, temperature, the electric field, the magnetic field, gas concentration and other parameters can be induced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of optical fiber sensing, particularly a kind ofly cause the interferometer of microstructured optical fibers long-period gratings, can be used for the real-time monitoring and the measurement of physical quantitys such as temperature, electric field, magnetic field and liquid refractivity based on cascade sound.
Background technology
Fiber grating is a kind of novel photonic device, and there is periodic index distribution in it along the shaft axis of optic fibre direction, thereby can control the dissemination of light in optical fiber.The cycle of LPFG usually tens microns to the hundreds of micrometer range, it can realize energy from the fibre core pattern in the same way the transmission cladding mode between coupling.The method of realization LPFG has a variety of, comprises excimer laser irradiation, carbon dioxide laser irradiation, femtosecond laser irradiation, applies periodic pressure etc., and writing the system method for every kind all has its unique one-tenth grid mechanism.Yet the LPFG of being write system by said method is generally the curing grating, and its grating cycle is difficult to change, and this has reduced the grating device application flexibility to a great extent.
Fibre optic interferometer is based on the optical fiber optical device of optical interference principle, in field of optical applications consequence is arranged with its high sensitivity.Because the variation of extraneous parameter can cause the change of interference light phase differential; Thereby cause moving of interference spectrum, therefore can realize measurement parameters such as length, refractive index, current density, vibration and acceleration through monitoring to its interference spectrum peak wavelength drift.
Fibre optic interferometer commonly used at present can be divided into Mach-Zender, Michaelson, Sagnac type and Fabry-Perot type etc. according to its structure.The cascade-connection long period fiber grating interferometer belongs to Mach-Zender; Because it combines the advantage of LPFG and fibre optic interferometer; Its transmission spectrum change of parameter to external world is very responsive, has very high sensitivity and tunability, has been widely used in fields such as filtering, sensing.
The spacing that existing Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on cascade-connection long period fiber grating usually need be through changing two LPFGs and the degree of depth of grating harmonic peak are controlled the cycle and the contrast of interference fringe, and the while has identical periodic refractive index modulation profile for the LPFG that produces tangible interference effect and also will guarantee two cascades.These have caused very big difficulty to the integrated etc. of the formation of tuning, the interference effect of interferometer characteristic and interferometer, and to a great extent limit its range of application.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve that above tuning capability based on common curing cascade-connection long period fiber grating interferometer is poor, interference effect obtains difficulty and baroque problem, provide a kind of simple in structure, cascade sound adjustable, highly sensitive, that be easy to realize causes microstructured optical fibers long-period gratings interferometer flexibly.
Cascade sound provided by the invention causes microstructured optical fibers long-period gratings interferometer, comprises that light source, three-dB coupler, microstructured optical fibers, two three-dimensional adjustable shelfs, signal generator, piezoelectric ceramic piece, conical acoustic amplifier, sound damper, spectroanalysis instrument, connection are with single-mode fiber and lead; Be fixed with one section microstructured optical fibers between two three-dimensional adjustable shelfs; Be provided with a sound damper in the centre of microstructured optical fibers; One end of microstructured optical fibers is as end; Its end face plating high-reflecting film, the other end of microstructured optical fibers connects three-dB coupler, and two ports of three-dB coupler opposite side are connected with spectrometer with light source respectively with general single mode fiber; The upper and lower surface of circular piezoelectric potsherd links to each other with the two poles of the earth of signal generator with lead respectively; And through organic gel conical acoustic amplifier is bonded on the piezoelectric ceramic piece microstructured optical fibers side direction stickup between the awl point of acoustic amplifier and three-dB coupler and the sound damper.
Said microstructured optical fibers by pure silica core with contain airport array covering and constitute.Said light source is a wideband light source.Said optical fiber sensitizing range be remove between sound damper and the high-reflecting film overlay by pure silica core with contain the taper microstructure optical fiber that airport array covering constitutes.
The present invention utilizes piezoelectric ceramic piece that ac signal is converted into acoustic signals and then acts on microstructured optical fibers.Cascade sound causes the monitoring of long period microstructured optical fibers grating interference spectral drift when changing through parameter to external world, can measure various physical quantitys, chemistry amount, like strain, pressure, gas concentration etc.
Through liquid functional materials such as liquid crystal, magnetic fluid being packed in the microstructured optical fibers covering airport between the cascaded fiber grating; Corresponding change can take place in the liquid refractivity when environment of electric field, magnetic field etc. change in the microstructured optical fibers covering airport; Thereby cause the variation of interference spectrum, therefore can realize measurement electric field, magnetic field etc. through monitoring to interference spectrum.
Test philosophy:
Like the said fibre optic interferometer of building of technical scheme; Utilize signal generator generation sinusoidal electric signals and be translated into acoustic signals through piezoelectric ceramic piece; After conical acoustic amplifier amplification; Side direction loads on microstructured optical fibers, thereby causes the periodicity perturbation along the optical fiber longitudinal refractive index, forms LPFG; Cause long-period gratings through sound, form cascade structure through light wave being reflected once more, utilize sound damper to make the taper microstructure optical fiber zone of acoustic wave action region limits between acoustic amplifier awl point and sound damper at microstructured optical fibers end face plating high-reflecting film; One end of cascaded fiber grating connects three-dB coupler, and optical fiber is fixed on the three-dimensional adjustable shelf; Two ports of coupling mechanism opposite side are connected with spectrometer with light source respectively with general single mode fiber.The light of light source output is when three-dB coupler transfers to first order long-period gratings; The a part of fibre core pattern energy that satisfies phase-matching condition is coupled to the cladding mode of transmission in the same way and in covering, transmits; Arrive end face through sensor fibre, because the effect of high-reflecting film, after light wave is reflected and causes long-period gratings through sound once more; The part cladding mode fibre core that is coupled back again, and with remain the fibre core pattern and interfere.Interference light is monitored by spectrometer behind coupling mechanism.
The grating cycle that sound causes long-period gratings is equivalent to the wave length of sound in the optical fiber, can be by computes:
Wherein, Λ is a wave length of sound, C
ExtBe the velocity of sound in the optical fiber, R is a fiber radius, f by the frequency of loading sinusoidal signal.
The harmonic peak wavelength of the long-period gratings transmission spectrum that is obtained by phase-matching condition is:
Wherein, λ is an optical wavelength;
is the effective refractive index of fibre core pattern, and
is the effective refractive index of covering n rank cladding mode.
According to principle of interference, the crowd's effective refractive index difference between the operation wavelength of the adjacent transmission peaks spacing of the interference spectrum of interferometer and interferometer, brachium and two Coherence Mode is relevant, and its expression formula is:
Wherein, S is the adjacent transmission peaks spacing of interference spectrum, Δ n
gBe that crowd's effective refractive index between two Coherence Mode is poor, L is for interfering brachium.In the interferometer that the present invention designed, two Coherence Mode are fibre core basic mode and low order cladding mode.
Taper microstructure optical fiber between sound damper and the high-reflecting film is placed external environment; The change change of the effective refractive index that can cause the microstructured optical fibers covering of the refractive index of external environment or temperature; Its interference spectrum is changed, can realize the measurement of parameter such as refractive index, temperature in view of the above external environment to be measured.
Advantage of the present invention and effect:
This interferometer has adopted sound to cause the long-period gratings technology, and the peak wavelength position of its grating harmonic peak and the automatically controlled tunability of transmission depth are good, and good reproducibility is easy to realize.Utilize simultaneously fiber end face plating high-reflecting film make light wave again reflective echo cause fiber grating; Only utilize a sound to cause LPFG and just can obtain interference effect; Solved the grating matching problem of cascade-connection long period grating interferometer, and the structure of interferometer is greatly simplified.Also can realize the sensing and the further sensing sensitivity that improves this interferometer of parameter such as electric field, magnetic field to external world through functional material filled micro-structure optical fiber covering airports such as liquid crystal, magnetic fluids in addition.That this interferometer has is highly sensitive, good reliability, advantage such as high temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant, is adapted at working under the various rugged surroundings.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention.
Among the figure: 1. light source 2.3dB coupling mechanism 3-I, 3-II. three-dimensional adjustable shelf 4. acoustic amplifiers 5. piezoelectric ceramic pieces 6. signal generators 7. microstructured optical fibers 8. sound dampers 9. sensings are with microstructured optical fibers 10. high-reflecting films 11. spectroanalysis instruments 12. single-mode fibers 13. leads.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is further specified.
Embodiment
Embodiment
Cascade sound as shown in Figure 1 causes microstructured optical fibers long-period gratings interferometer; It comprises: light source 1, three-dB coupler 2, two three-dimensional adjustable shelf 3-I, 3-II, acoustic amplifier 4, piezoelectric ceramic piece 5, signal generator 6, microstructured optical fibers 7, sound damper 8, sensing are with microstructured optical fibers 9 (the awl district part of microstructured optical fibers), high-reflecting film 10, spectroanalysis instrument 11, single-mode fiber 12 and lead 13.
Two three-dimensional adjustable shelf 3-I; Be fixed with one section microstructured optical fibers between the 3-II; Be provided with a sound damper 8 in the centre of microstructured optical fibers, an end of microstructured optical fibers is as end, and its end face plates high-reflecting film 10; The other end of microstructured optical fibers connects three-dB coupler 2, and two ports of three-dB coupler opposite side are connected with spectroanalysis instrument 11 with light source 1 respectively with general single mode fiber 12; The upper and lower surface of circular piezoelectric potsherd 5 links to each other with lead 13 the two poles of the earth with signal generator 6 respectively; And conical acoustic amplifier 4 is bonded on the piezoelectric ceramic piece 5 through organic gel; Microstructured optical fibers side direction stickup (be used for generation sound and cause the microstructured optical fibers long-period gratings) between the awl of acoustic amplifier point and three-dB coupler and the sound damper, the microstructured optical fibers between sound damper 8 and the high-reflecting film 10 as sensing with microstructured optical fibers 9.
Signal generator produces sinusoidal electric signals and is translated into acoustic signals through piezoelectric ceramic piece, amplifies rear side to being loaded on the microstructured optical fibers through acoustic amplifier, cause the periodicity perturbation of optical fiber longitudinal refractive index, thereby formation sound causes LPFG.
In this embodiment, the service band of light source is 1500nm-1600nm; The single-mode fiber of 1550nm wave band is adopted in connection with single-mode fiber; The sinusoidal electric signals frequency that signal generator loads be 500KHz in the 10MHz scope, the centre wavelength of the harmonic peak of the single long-period gratings of formation is near 1550nm, the length of LPFG is 3cm-5cm; The spacing of the adjacent transmission peaks of gained interference spectrum is in the 1nm-2nm scope, and the contrast of interference fringe can reach 10dB; Microstructured optical fibers is made up of pure silica core and the covering that contains the airport array; Microstructured optical fibers to the awl district diameter that utilizes hydrofluorite corrosion to remove overlay be 50 μ m-70 μ m, length for the taper microstructure optical fiber of 5cm-10cm as sensor fibre; Piezoelectric ceramic piece is a column type, diameter 10mm, thickness 1mm; Used acoustic amplifier is the hollow aluminum awl of diameter 8mm, height 8mm, thickness 0.5mm.
In practical application, in order to obtain higher acousto-optic coupling efficiency, can behind signal generator, place amplifying circuit, to improve the driving voltage of piezoelectric ceramic piece.
Claims (8)
1. a cascade sound causes microstructured optical fibers long-period gratings interferometer; It is characterized in that, comprise that light source, three-dB coupler, microstructured optical fibers, two three-dimensional adjustable shelfs, signal generator, piezoelectric ceramic piece, conical acoustic amplifier, sound damper, spectroanalysis instrument, connection are with single-mode fiber and lead; Be fixed with one section microstructured optical fibers between two three-dimensional adjustable shelfs; Be provided with a sound damper in the centre of microstructured optical fibers; One end of microstructured optical fibers is as end; Its end face plating high-reflecting film, the other end of microstructured optical fibers connects three-dB coupler, and two ports of three-dB coupler opposite side are connected with spectrometer with light source respectively with general single mode fiber; The upper and lower surface of circular piezoelectric potsherd links to each other with the two poles of the earth of signal generator with lead respectively; And through organic gel conical acoustic amplifier is bonded on the piezoelectric ceramic piece microstructured optical fibers side direction stickup between the awl point of acoustic amplifier and three-dB coupler and the sound damper.
2. cascade sound according to claim 1 causes microstructured optical fibers long-period gratings interferometer, it is characterized in that: said microstructured optical fibers by pure silica core with contain airport array covering and constitute.
3. cascade sound according to claim 1 causes microstructured optical fibers long-period gratings interferometer, it is characterized in that: said light source is a wideband light source.
4. cascade sound according to claim 1 causes microstructured optical fibers long-period gratings interferometer; It is characterized in that: said cascade sound causes fiber grating and only utilizes a sound to cause long-period fiber grating, and through high-reflecting film the light reflection is formed interference effect through above-mentioned grating afterwards once more.
5. cascade sound according to claim 2 causes microstructured optical fibers long-period gratings interferometer, it is characterized in that: said optical fiber sensitizing range be remove between sound damper and the high-reflecting film overlay by pure silica core with contain the taper microstructure optical fiber that airport array covering constitutes.
6. the described cascade sound of claim 1 causes the application of microstructured optical fibers long-period gratings interferometer; It is characterized in that: cascade sound causes the monitoring of long period microstructured optical fibers grating interference spectral drift when changing through parameter to external world, can measure various physical quantitys and chemistry amount.
7. cascade sound according to claim 6 causes the application of microstructured optical fibers long-period gratings interferometer, it is characterized in that can be used for measuring strain, pressure and gas concentration.
8. cascade sound according to claim 1 causes the application of microstructured optical fibers long-period gratings interferometer; It is characterized in that: through liquid functional materials such as liquid crystal, magnetic fluid being packed in the microstructured optical fibers covering airport between sound damper and the high-reflecting film; Corresponding change can take place in the liquid refractivity when environment of electric field, magnetic field etc. change in the microstructured optical fibers covering airport; Thereby cause the variation of interference spectrum, therefore can realize measurement electric field, magnetic field etc. through monitoring to interference spectrum.
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Cited By (13)
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| CN103196488A (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2013-07-10 | 东北大学 | Photonic crystal fiber grating sensing method for detecting magnetic field and temperature simultaneously |
| CN103259172A (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2013-08-21 | 西北大学 | Radio frequency modulation tunable all-fiber laser based on fiber loop mirror |
| CN103983305A (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2014-08-13 | 宁波大学 | Device for monitoring temperature and refractive index of running water in real time |
| CN108051377A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-05-18 | 北京信息科技大学 | Examination of glucose concentration method based on the long-period fiber grating that femtosecond laser is inscribed |
| CN108225602A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-06-29 | 北京信息科技大学 | The interference-type full-fiber sensor that temperature strain based on FP-MZ structures measures simultaneously |
| CN108225603A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-29 | 北京信息科技大学 | Based on LPFG and the cascade two-parameter fibre optical sensors of FBG and preparation method thereof |
| CN109061324A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2018-12-21 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of electrostatic field electric field intensity measuring device and method |
| CN109596206A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-04-09 | 武汉理工大学 | Vibrating sensor based on liquid filling photonic crystal fiber |
| CN111398222A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-07-10 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Optical fiber refractive index sensor based on Mach-Zehnder interferometry |
| CN111969400A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-11-20 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | High power fiber laser system |
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| CN103196488B (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2015-09-23 | 东北大学 | For the photonic crystal fiber grating method for sensing that magnetic field and temperature are detected simultaneously |
| CN103196488A (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2013-07-10 | 东北大学 | Photonic crystal fiber grating sensing method for detecting magnetic field and temperature simultaneously |
| CN103259172A (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2013-08-21 | 西北大学 | Radio frequency modulation tunable all-fiber laser based on fiber loop mirror |
| CN103259172B (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2015-03-25 | 西北大学 | Radio frequency modulation tunable all-fiber laser based on fiber loop mirror |
| CN103983305A (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2014-08-13 | 宁波大学 | Device for monitoring temperature and refractive index of running water in real time |
| CN103983305B (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2016-06-08 | 宁波大学 | A kind of device of real-time monitoring flowing water temperature and refractive index |
| CN108051377A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-05-18 | 北京信息科技大学 | Examination of glucose concentration method based on the long-period fiber grating that femtosecond laser is inscribed |
| CN108225602A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-06-29 | 北京信息科技大学 | The interference-type full-fiber sensor that temperature strain based on FP-MZ structures measures simultaneously |
| CN108225603A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-29 | 北京信息科技大学 | Based on LPFG and the cascade two-parameter fibre optical sensors of FBG and preparation method thereof |
| CN109061324B (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2020-11-03 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Electrostatic field intensity measuring device and method |
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| CN109596206A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-04-09 | 武汉理工大学 | Vibrating sensor based on liquid filling photonic crystal fiber |
| WO2021120423A1 (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2021-06-24 | 中国矿业大学 | Coal mine advanced detection method for header machine |
| US11099146B1 (en) | 2019-12-17 | 2021-08-24 | China University Of Mining And Technology | Coal mine advanced detection method for heading machine |
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| CN114136924A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-04 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | MXene and GMM coated gas and magnetic field measurement optical fiber sensor |
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Application publication date: 20120815 |