CN103195967A - 电磁阀 - Google Patents

电磁阀 Download PDF

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CN103195967A
CN103195967A CN2013100013990A CN201310001399A CN103195967A CN 103195967 A CN103195967 A CN 103195967A CN 2013100013990 A CN2013100013990 A CN 2013100013990A CN 201310001399 A CN201310001399 A CN 201310001399A CN 103195967 A CN103195967 A CN 103195967A
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armature
elastic element
magnetic core
face
solenoid valve
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CN103195967B (zh
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C·沃斯
C·库尔斯
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Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH
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Continental Teves AG and Co OHG
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00Magnets
    • H01F7/06Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081Magnetic constructions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/66Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/68Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves
    • B60T13/686Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves in hydraulic systems or parts thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/36Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition including a pilot valve responding to an electromagnetic force
    • B60T8/3615Electromagnetic valves specially adapted for anti-lock brake and traction control systems
    • B60T8/363Electromagnetic valves specially adapted for anti-lock brake and traction control systems in hydraulic systems
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K27/00Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor
    • F16K27/02Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of lift valves
    • F16K27/029Electromagnetically actuated valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种电磁阀,该电磁阀具有复位弹簧(10),所述复位弹簧在未受电磁激励的阀位置使衔铁(3)定位为距磁芯(4)一限定的轴向距离,从而衔铁(3)通过间隙与磁芯(4)分开,在该间隙中布置有盘状弹性元件(1),所述弹性元件(1)反作用于衔铁(3)的运动。弹性元件(1)在中心具有固定部段(2),该弹性元件通过固定部段固定在磁芯(4)的朝向衔铁(3)的端面上。

Description

电磁阀
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的电磁阀。
背景技术
已经由DE 10311486A1已知一种普通类型的电磁阀,该电磁阀具有阀壳体、衔铁和复位弹簧,阀封闭件在阀壳体中被可移动地引导,衔铁安置在阀封闭件上并根据安置在阀壳体中的阀线圈的电磁激励执行在朝向布置在阀壳体中的磁芯的方向上的行程运动,所述复位弹簧在未受电磁激励的阀位置使衔铁定位为距磁芯一限定的轴向距离,从而衔铁通过间隙与磁芯分开,在该间隙中松散地布置有环形盘状弹性元件,该弹性元件反作用于衔铁的运动。通过把弹性元件布置在衔铁和磁芯之间的气隙中可能使磁力减弱,为此,弹性元件的特性设计为:在衔铁接近磁芯时且因此随着阀行程的增大,所产生的磁力似乎比由施加在阀封闭件上的液压压力产生的滑动力更快地减小,该滑动力基本上由挺杆的液压加载确定。因此,当液压压力恒定时通过合适地控制阀线圈中的电流,或者当阀线圈电流恒定时通过控制压力,可以设定在双稳态的行程极限位置之间的每个任意的阀行程位置。因此,电磁阀可以不仅作为二通阀工作,而且在模拟操作中作为容积式流量控制阀工作。
发明内容
在此,本发明的目的在于,使本身已知的弹性元件精确地定位在优选在初始位置封闭的电磁阀的阀壳体中,以便使电磁阀能作为双稳态的二通阀以降噪的方式工作。
根据本发明,该目的通过具有权利要求1的特征部分的特征的前述类型的电磁阀实现。
附图说明
由从属权利要求得到且参考多个附图在下文中描述本发明的其它特征、优点和应用可能性,其中:
图1以放大图示出在未受电磁激励的初始位置的电磁阀的对本发明来说重要的细节,该电磁阀包括被在磁芯和衔铁之间偏压的复位弹簧以及在磁芯和衔铁之间的气隙中固定在磁芯上的弹性垫圈,
图2示出在由于电磁激励而经过部分行程之后根据图1的电磁阀的衔铁,随后衔铁接触未变形的盘状弹性元件,
图3示出在电磁激励结束位置的根据图1的电磁阀的衔铁,因此盘状弹性元件由于衔铁而发生弹性变形而实现其整个表面贴靠在磁芯上,
图4a-c以透视图示出磁芯,从而看到设计为弹性垫圈的弹性元件的三个可能的变型。
具体实施方式
图1示出本发明在未受电磁激励的在初始位置封闭的电磁阀中的应用,电磁阀的阀壳体8示例性地以料筒构造方式制成。绘出的阀壳体8的上部部分设计为薄壁的阀套,圆柱状衔铁3在阀套中被引导。封闭阀壳体8的塞子状磁芯4位于衔铁3上方。衔铁3在其阶梯孔内部接纳具有线性特征曲线走向的复位弹簧10,该复位弹簧作为螺旋形压缩弹簧在朝向磁芯4的端面的方向上延伸,其线圈端部从衔铁3伸出。因此,在复位弹簧10的作用下,衔铁3借助于未绘出的阀封闭件封闭阀壳体8中的阀座,因此切断了阀壳体8中的压力介质连接。
通过布置在阀壳体1上的阀线圈,可以通过本身已知的方式电磁激励衔铁3在朝向磁芯4的方向上运动,因此阀封闭件释放未绘出的阀座。
根据图1,在未受电磁激励的阀位置,衔铁3距磁芯4一限定的轴向距离,从而衔铁3通过间隙与磁芯4分开,在该间隙中布置有盘状弹性元件1,该弹性元件反作用于衔铁3的运动。在此,为了将弹性元件1精确地定位在阀壳体8中以及使电磁阀能作为双稳态的二通阀以降噪的方式工作,根据本发明,弹性元件1在中心具有固定部段2,弹性元件1通过该固定部段固定在磁芯4的朝向衔铁3的端面上。
如从根据图4a、4b、4c的透视图中特别明确得知的,固定部段2具有圆形开口,位于磁芯4的端面的中心处的、设计为锥体状的突出部5延伸通过所述开口,该突出部将弹性元件1力锁合和/或形锁合(kraft-und/oderformschlüssig)地固定在磁芯4上。该突出部借助于冲压工具既径向塑性变形又轴向塑性变形,因此弹性元件1以填缝的方式可靠地固定在磁芯4上。为了与衔铁3的端面距磁芯4的端面的轴向距离无关地实现流经弹性元件1,优选在弹性元件1的端面上均匀地布置有多个切向和/或径向指向的穿孔6,其孔口截面延伸直至弹性元件1的边缘环部段,该环部段可抵靠在衔铁端面的外边缘上,以便根据行程封闭一个或多个在衔铁3的侧面上延伸的纵向槽7。
由图1至3表明,至少在穿孔6的区域中,衔铁3具有凹形端面且磁芯4具有凸形端面,所述端面尽可能彼此平行地延伸,其中,通过衔铁3和磁芯4处端面的倾斜角的变化,可根据行程改变衔铁3的停止减震
Figure BDA00002701386500031
根据图1,液压流可无阻碍地流经根据图示沿着衔铁3的外侧面延伸的纵向槽7,因此首先利用衔铁3的电磁引起的向上运动可以促使位于衔铁3和磁芯4之间的压力介质体积按照箭头方向无阻碍地通过纵向槽7。当衔铁3接近磁芯4时,一旦根据图2衔铁3的纵向槽7抵靠在弹性元件1上,纵向槽7就会被弹性元件1的边缘环部段封闭。利用衔铁3抵靠在弹性元件1的边缘环部段上封闭纵向槽7,因此可促使位于衔铁3和磁芯4之间的液压介质体积按照图示箭头沿着磁芯4的凸形端面在位于弹性元件1的侧面和阀壳体8之间的环状间隙9的方向上仅经过穿孔6,为了限制液压介质体积以实现衔铁的停止减震,环状间隙的通路小于纵向槽7中的最大可释放通路。根据图3,当衔铁3的整个表面贴靠在被最大程度偏压的弹性元件1上时,弹性元件1中的穿孔6被衔铁3的端面和磁芯4的端面封闭。
尤其可以低成本地通过蚀刻或冲压基本上作为狭缝状的轮廓在弹性元件1的盘状的基本形状中制造在弹性元件1中的任意几何形状的穿孔6,由此可改变弹性特性(弹力走向和弹簧刚度)。此外,穿孔6以及优选包括磁性材料的弹性元件1在弹性变形的弹性状态(参见图3)下受到预应力这一事实的优点在于,在磁性工作间隙中不出现磁力损失(不存在无意的残余气隙)。
在衔铁3碰撞到弹性元件1时通过使用特殊设计的弹性元件1得到了特别有效的停止噪声降低,这是由于为了通过穿孔6和环状间隙9使衔铁3减速,在由于弹性元件1的逐步的弹性变形而增大弹性元件1作用于衔铁3的反作用力的同时,进行液压的节流减震。
附图标记列表
1  弹性元件
2  固定部段
3  衔铁
4  磁芯
5  突出部
6  穿孔
7  纵向槽
8  阀壳体
9  环状间隙
10 复位弹簧

Claims (10)

1.一种电磁阀,该电磁阀尤其用于机动车车轮打滑控制系统,所述电磁阀具有阀壳体、衔铁和复位弹簧,阀封闭件在所述阀壳体中被可移动地引导;所述衔铁用于致动所述阀封闭件,所述衔铁根据安置在所述阀壳体中的阀线圈的电磁激励执行在朝向布置在所述阀壳体中的磁芯的方向上的行程运动,所述复位弹簧在未受电磁激励的阀位置使所述衔铁定位为距所述磁芯一限定的轴向距离,从而所述衔铁通过间隙与所述磁芯分开,在所述间隙中布置有盘状弹性元件,所述弹性元件反作用于所述衔铁的运动,其特征在于,所述弹性元件(1)在中心具有固定部段(2),所述弹性元件(1)通过所述固定部段固定在所述磁芯(4)的朝向所述衔铁(3)的端面上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电磁阀,其特征在于,所述固定部段(2)具有圆形开口,位于所述磁芯(4)的端面的中心处的、设计为锥体状的突出部(5)延伸通过所述开口,所述突出部将所述弹性元件(1)力锁合和/或形锁合地固定在所述磁芯(4)上。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的电磁阀,其特征在于,所述弹性元件(1)优选在其端面上具有多个均匀分布的切向和/或径向指向的穿孔(6),所述穿孔的孔口截面延伸直至所述弹性元件(1)的边缘环部段,根据所述衔铁(3)的端面相对于所述磁芯(4)的端面的轴向距离,流体流可流经所述穿孔。
4.根据权利要求3所述的电磁阀,其特征在于,至少在所述穿孔(6)的区域中,所述衔铁(3)具有凹形端面且所述磁芯(4)具有凸形端面,所述凹形端面和所述凸形端面优选基本上彼此平行地延伸。
5.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的电磁阀,其特征在于,所述衔铁(3)沿其外侧面具有至少一个液压流可流经的纵向槽(7),当所述衔铁(3)接近所述磁芯(4)时,一旦所述衔铁(3)以其纵向槽(7)抵靠在所述弹性元件(1)上,就可通过所述弹性元件(1)封闭所述纵向槽。
6.根据权利要求5所述的电磁阀,其特征在于,利用所述衔铁(3)抵靠在所述弹性元件(1)的所述边缘环部段上封闭所述纵向槽(7),从而可促使位于所述衔铁(3)和所述磁芯(4)之间的液压介质体积沿着所述磁芯(4)的凸形端面在朝向位于所述弹性元件(1)的侧面和所述阀壳体(8)之间的环状间隙(9)的方向上仅经过所述穿孔(6),为了限制液压介质体积,所述环状间隙(9)的通路小于所述纵向槽(7)中的最大可释放通路。
7.根据权利要求3所述的电磁阀,其特征在于,当所述衔铁(3)的整个表面贴靠在所述弹性元件(1)上时,所述弹性元件(1)中的所述穿孔(6)被所述衔铁(3)的端面和所述磁芯(4)的端面封闭。
8.根据权利要求3所述的电磁阀,其特征在于,通过蚀刻或冲压狭缝状的轮廓,在所述弹性元件(1)中制造所述穿孔(6)。
9.根据权利要求1所述的电磁阀,其特征在于,所述弹性元件(1)由磁性材料制成。
10.根据权利要求6所述的电磁阀,其特征在于,通过改变所述衔铁(3)和所述磁芯(4)处的所述端面的倾斜度,可以根据行程改变所述衔铁(3)的停止减震。
CN201310001399.0A 2012-01-06 2013-01-04 电磁阀 Active CN103195967B (zh)

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CN107850235A (zh) * 2015-07-22 2018-03-27 罗伯特·博世有限公司 常闭电磁阀
CN108137030A (zh) * 2015-09-28 2018-06-08 罗伯特·博世有限公司 用于节流压力介质流的阀装置以及用于抑制压力脉动的减震装置

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DE102014220032A1 (de) 2014-10-02 2016-04-07 Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg In einem Ventilblock eingesetztes Elektromagnetventil
DE102016203035A1 (de) * 2016-02-26 2017-08-31 Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg Elektromagnetventil, insbesondere für schlupfgeregelte Kraftfahrzeugbremsanlagen
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