CN103195402B - A kind of system and method for staged fracturing of coal bed gas well - Google Patents

A kind of system and method for staged fracturing of coal bed gas well Download PDF

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CN103195402B
CN103195402B CN201310127809.6A CN201310127809A CN103195402B CN 103195402 B CN103195402 B CN 103195402B CN 201310127809 A CN201310127809 A CN 201310127809A CN 103195402 B CN103195402 B CN 103195402B
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fracturing
casing
section
casing nipple
ball
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CN103195402A (en
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彭少涛
李曙光
刘富
孙斌
刘川庆
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China United Coalbed Methane Corp Ltd
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China United Coalbed Methane Corp Ltd
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Abstract

The staged fracturing system and method for the open coal bed gas well of the present invention, system comprises: casing nipple, fracturing device, ball injector and packing ball, each casing nipple is connected with the production casing of coal bed gas well, lay respectively between two sections of fracturing sections, the production casing being provided with casing nipple is lowered in well after drilling well completes cements the well; Ball injector is connected with the top of production tree in coal bed gas well, and by distance ball injector order from the near to the remote, the internal diameter of each casing nipple reduces successively; Fracturing device, for carrying out pressure break by as far as near order to each section of fracturing section by distance ball injector, one section of fracturing section pressure break is completed, and after next section of fracturing section treating pressure break carried out perforation, inject fracturing fluid, the packing ball dropped into by ball injector is delivered to the casing nipple that this completes the close ball injector side of the fracturing section of pressure break, this casing nipple of shutoff, packing ball and casing nipple match.The present invention can achieve shortening construction period, the beneficial effect reduced costs.

Description

A kind of system and method for staged fracturing of coal bed gas well
Technical field
The present invention relates to coal bed gas well pressure break field, particularly the system and method for the staged fracturing of coal bed gas well.
Background technology
Coalbed methane reservoir has low hole, hypotonic feature, generally needs fracturing reform could obtain good gas output.Wherein, the coal-bed gas exploitation development scheme that coal bed gas straight well, coal bed gas directional well, coal bed gas horizontal well etc. can be used multiple.
In prior art, the coal bed gas horizontal well of cased hole completion is mature on the whole in brill completion technique, if there is ripe fracturing yield increasing technology supporting with it, then the mode that cased hole completion adds pressure break can promote cbm development greatly, but also there are some technical problems in its staged fracturing.Wherein, pressure break is to conventional gas and oil field layer or a kind of conventional remodeling method of unconventionaloil pool layer, and object is the penetrating power of raising near wellbore zone thus improves production capacity.
In prior art, adopt hydraulic perforation and fracturing technique, although pressing crack construction progress is very fast, tubing string is high by the risk of sand card, easily delays construction speed, causes high workover cost, and the disposal cost of later stage tubing string is also higher.
In prior art, speed is adopted to bore bridging plug staged fracturing technology, multistep ignition is needed to complete a setting bridging plug of operation and perforation two procedures, need after the complete all intervals of pressure break to adopt special instrument to carry out brill mill to bridging plug, make complicated construction technique, cycle long, and adopting speed to bore the staged fracturing technology of bridging plug, its complex process, operating expenses are high.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the system and method for the staged fracturing of coal bed gas well, to solve the problem that construction risk is large, complex process, construction cost are high.
The invention discloses a kind of staged fracturing system of coal bed gas well, described system comprises: casing nipple, fracturing device, ball injector and packing ball,
Each casing nipple is connected with the production casing of coal bed gas well, lays respectively between two sections of fracturing sections or fractured layer, and the production casing being provided with casing nipple is lowered in well after drilling well completes cements the well;
Ball injector is connected with the top of production tree in coal bed gas well, and oil recovery lower part of a tree is connected with production casing, and by distance ball injector order from the near to the remote, the internal diameter of each casing nipple reduces successively;
Fracturing device, for carrying out pressure break by as far as near order to each section of fracturing section or fractured layer by distance ball injector, one section of fracturing section or fractured layer pressure break are completed, and treat after next section of fracturing section of pressure break or fractured layer carried out perforation, fracturing fluid is injected in production casing, the packing ball dropped into by ball injector is delivered to this fracturing section completing pressure break or the casing nipple of fractured layer near ball injector side, this casing nipple of shutoff, described packing ball and described casing nipple match.
Wherein, described casing nipple comprises: jacket and inner sleeve,
The overcoat specification of each casing nipple is identical, and the intensity of overcoat is greater than the intensity of production casing;
The external diameter of the inner sleeve of each casing nipple is identical, and inner sleeve and overcoat screwed connection are also fixing;
The internal diameter of the inner sleeve of each casing nipple, reduces successively by distance ball injector order from the near to the remote.
Wherein, described inner sleeve material therefor is composite material.
Wherein, the interior diameter of the inner sleeve of two adjacent casing pipe nipples differs the arbitrary value between 7mm to 8mm.
Wherein, the diameter of described packing ball is than the arbitrary value between the large 3.5mm to 4mm of the interior diameter of the casing nipple matched.
Wherein, described packing ball material therefor is composite rubber material, and resistance to pressure reduction intensity is greater than 40MPa.
Wherein, when production casing is 5 cun of half-covering tubes, the quantity of fracturing section or fractured layer is arbitrary value in 2 to 7;
And/or,
When production casing is 7 cun of half-covering tubes, the quantity of fracturing section or fractured layer is arbitrary value in 2 to 10.
The invention also discloses a kind of staged fracturing method of coal bed gas well, described method comprises:
Each casing nipple is connected with the production casing of coal bed gas well, each casing nipple lays respectively between two sections of fracturing sections or fractured layer, after drilling well completes, production casing G.I.H is cemented the well, the lower part of a tree that recovers the oil in coal bed gas well is connected with production casing, ball injector is connected with the top of production tree; By distance ball injector order from the near to the remote, the internal diameter of each casing nipple reduces successively;
By as far as near order, pressure break is carried out to each section of fracturing section or fractured layer by distance ball injector by fracturing device, one section of fracturing section or fractured layer pressure break are completed, and treat after next section of fracturing section of pressure break or fractured layer carried out perforation, ball injector drops into packing ball, fracturing fluid is injected in production casing, packing ball is delivered to this fracturing section completing pressure break or fractured layer near the casing nipple place of ball injector side, this casing nipple of shutoff, described packing ball and described casing nipple match.
Wherein, described casing nipple comprises: jacket and inner sleeve,
The overcoat specification of each casing nipple is identical, and the intensity of overcoat is greater than the intensity of production casing;
The external diameter of the inner sleeve of each casing nipple is identical, and inner sleeve and overcoat screwed connection are also fixing;
The internal diameter of the inner sleeve of each casing nipple, reduces successively by distance ball injector order from the near to the remote.
Wherein, the arbitrary value between the interior diameter difference 7mm to 8mm of the inner sleeve of two adjacent casing pipe nipples,
And/or,
The diameter of described packing ball is than the arbitrary value between the large 3.5mm to 4mm of the interior diameter of the casing nipple matched.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: by using casing nipple and the packing ball of multiple mutual coupling, one section of fracturing section or fractured layer pressure break are completed, and treat after next section of fracturing section of pressure break or fractured layer carried out perforation, inject the fracturing fluid next section of fracturing section or fractured layer being carried out to pressure break, and by fracturing fluid, the packing ball dropped into by ball injector is delivered to this and complete the fracturing section of pressure break or the casing nipple of fractured layer, this casing nipple of shutoff; Only need by mounting sleeve pipe nipple in the production casing of coal bed gas well, after completing one section of pressure break, when carrying out pressure break to next section, using the fracturing fluid carrying out pressure break that packing ball is sent into casing nipple and carrying out shutoff, just can realize staged fracturing, meet the needs of huge discharge in CBM Fracturing construction.Further, this technical scheme is adopted, without the need to increasing complicated construction operation, safe and reliable, realize staged fracturing quickly, unnecessary well workover can be avoided simultaneously, achieve shortening construction period, the beneficial effect reduced costs.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of the system of the staged fracturing of the coal bed gas horizontal well of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the sectional drawing of the casing nipple of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the structure chart of the system of the staged fracturing of the coal bed gas straight well of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the structure chart of the system of the staged fracturing of the coal bed gas directional well of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the flow chart of the method for the staged fracturing of the coal bed gas well of one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiment of the present invention is described further in detail.
See Fig. 1, it is the structure chart of the system of the staged fracturing of the coal bed gas horizontal well of an embodiment.
System comprises: casing nipple 200, fracturing device, ball injector 100 and packing ball.Succinctly be convenient to for making structure chart illustrate, not shown fracturing device and packing ball in FIG.Wherein, fracturing device is this area usual means, in the present embodiment, can be any device by fracturing fluid, coal seam being carried out to pressure break, be not particularly limited at this.
In the present embodiment, there are 6 casing nipples 200, be respectively first order casing nipple 200a, second level casing nipple 200b, third level casing nipple 200c, fourth stage casing nipple 200d, level V casing nipple 200e, the 6th grade of casing nipple 200f.In the present embodiment, the quantity of fracturing section is 7., be only illustrating in the present embodiment herein, when production casing is 5 cun of half-covering tubes, the quantity of fracturing section is arbitrary value in 2 to 7; When production casing is 7 cun of half-covering tubes, the quantity of fracturing section is arbitrary value in 2 to 10.
Each casing nipple 200 is connected with the production casing 300 of coal bed gas well, lays respectively between two sections of fracturing sections or fractured layer.In horizontal well, as shown in Figure 1, each section of staged fracturing corresponds to fracturing section, and in straight well or directional well, as shown in Figure 3 or Figure 4, each section of staged fracturing corresponds to fractured layer.The length of each section of fracturing section or the height of fractured layer are determined according to the requirement of staged fracturing.
The production casing 300 being provided with casing nipple 200 is lowered in well after drilling well completes cements the well.Ball injector 100 is connected with the top of production tree in coal bed gas well 400, and the bottom of production tree 400 is connected with production casing 300, and by distance ball injector 100 order from the near to the remote, the internal diameter of each casing nipple 200 reduces successively.
See Fig. 2, it is the structure chart of the casing nipple of one embodiment of the invention.Casing nipple 200 comprises overcoat 210 and inner sleeve 220.Overcoat 210 specification of each casing nipple 200 is identical, and the intensity of overcoat 210 is greater than the intensity of production casing 300.The external diameter of the inner sleeve 220 of each casing nipple 200 is identical, and inner sleeve 220 and overcoat 210 screwed connection are also fixing.The internal diameter of the inner sleeve 220 of each casing nipple 200, reduces successively by distance ball injector 100 order from the near to the remote.The inner sleeve 220 of two adjacent casing pipe nipples 200 interior diameter difference 8mm, namely by the 6th grade of casing nipple 200f to first order casing nipple 200a, the interior diameter of inner sleeve reduces 8mm successively.Inner sleeve 220 material therefor is composite material, so that realize boring mill.
Adopt casing nipple as shown in Figure 2 in the present embodiment.Casing nipple 200 and sleeve pipe screwed connection, iris out part 2001 on the left of in Fig. 2 and be directly connected with sleeve pipe pin thread, and right side is irised out part 2002 and is connected with one end of two public casing nipple 200, and the other end is connected with the production casing 300 of bottom.
Fracturing device, for carrying out pressure break by as far as near order to each section of fracturing section by distance ball injector 100, one section of fracturing section pressure break is completed, and after next section of fracturing section treating pressure break carried out perforation, by injecting a small amount of fracturing fluid, the packing ball dropped into by ball injector 100 is delivered to this casing nipple 200 completing the fracturing section of pressure break, this casing nipple 200 of shutoff, described packing ball and described casing nipple 200 match.Wherein, the diameter of packing ball 4mm larger than the interior diameter of the casing nipple 200 matched.Packing ball material therefor is composite rubber material, and resistance to pressure reduction intensity is greater than 40MPa.
Fracturing device can be any device by fracturing fluid, coal seam being carried out to pressure break in the present embodiment.Such as, fracturing device comprises: fracturing unit truck group, ground high pressure line, wellhead assembly, and the perforating gun be equipped with.Fracturing unit truck group comprises: pressure break host vehicle, fracturing blender truck, measuring truck.
In system as shown in Figure 1, after production casing 300 is lowered into and cements the well in well, adopt oil tube transmission perforation, such as coiled tubing or cable add crawl device, perforating gun is transported to and needs the first paragraph fracturing section of pressure break to carry out perforation, propose perforating gun, pressure break is carried out to first paragraph fracturing section.Concrete fracturing process is, fracturing liquid is injected stratum with the discharge capacity higher than stratum absorptive capacity by fracturing unit truck group, formation rock is broken and forms crack, then carry proppant with load fluid and enter into crack, closing up of cracks after pressure break, proppant rests on crack and plays a supporting role, thus the higher flow conductivity crack of formation is conducive to the flowing of oil gas.
After pressure break is carried out to first paragraph fracturing section, adopt cable pumping mode perforating gun to be sent to second segment fracturing section and carry out perforation, propose perforating gun.Inject fracturing fluid and the packing ball dropped into by ball injector 100 is pumped into first order casing nipple 200a, and then the first paragraph fracturing section of shutoff pressure break, continue to inject fracturing fluid and pressure break is carried out to second segment fracturing section.Wherein, the packing ball that ball injector 100 is thrown is the packing ball matched with first order casing nipple 200a, this packing bulb diameter 4mm larger than the interior diameter of first order casing nipple 200a.After fracturing fluid pressure break completes, carry proppant enter into crack with load fluid, closing up of cracks after pressure break, proppant rests on crack and plays a supporting role.
Adopt cable pumping mode perforating gun to be sent to the 3rd section of fracturing section and carry out perforation, propose perforating gun.Inject fracturing fluid, the packing ball dropped into by ball injector 100 is pumped into second level casing nipple 200b, and then the second segment fracturing section of shutoff pressure break, continue to inject fracturing fluid and pressure break is carried out to the 3rd section of fracturing section.Wherein, the packing ball that ball injector 100 is thrown is the packing ball matched with second level casing nipple 200b, this packing bulb diameter 4mm larger than the interior diameter of second level casing nipple 200b.After fracturing fluid pressure break completes, carry proppant enter into crack with load fluid, closing up of cracks after pressure break, proppant rests on crack and plays a supporting role.
Repeat aforesaid operations, until the 6th grade of casing nipple 200f is blocked up by packing ball sealing, and the 7th section of fracturing section is by pressure break.
In the present invention, system can also be used for coal bed gas straight well and coal bed gas directional well except can be used for coal bed gas horizontal well.
See Fig. 3, it is the structure chart of the system of the staged fracturing of the coal bed gas straight well of one embodiment of the invention.In the present embodiment, there are 2 casing nipples 200, be respectively first order casing nipple 200a, second level casing nipple 200b.In the present embodiment, coal bed gas well is straight well, and the quantity of fractured layer is 3.Comprise annexation and above-mentioned horizontal well embodiment between device and device in system and there is no difference.Succinctly be convenient to for making structure chart illustrate, not shown fracturing device and packing ball in figure 3, in figure, black bars part represents coal seam.
See Fig. 4, it is the structure chart of the system of the staged fracturing of the coal bed gas directional well of one embodiment of the invention.In the present embodiment, there are 2 casing nipples 200, be respectively first order casing nipple 200a, second level casing nipple 200b.In the present embodiment, coal bed gas well is directional well, and the quantity of fractured layer is 3.Comprise annexation and above-mentioned horizontal well embodiment between device and each device in system and there is no difference.Succinctly be convenient to for making structure chart illustrate, not shown fracturing device and packing ball in the diagram, in figure, black bars part represents coal seam.
Present invention also offers a kind of staged fracturing method of coal bed gas well, described method comprises the steps.
Step S510, each casing nipple is connected with the production casing of coal bed gas well, each casing nipple lays respectively between two sections of fracturing sections or fractured layer, after drilling well completes, production casing G.I.H is cemented the well, the lower part of a tree that recovers the oil in coal bed gas well is connected with production casing, ball injector is connected with the top of production tree.Wherein, by distance ball injector order from the near to the remote, the internal diameter of each casing nipple reduces successively.
Step S520, by as far as near order, pressure break is carried out to each section of fracturing section or fractured layer by distance ball injector by fracturing device, one section of fracturing section or fractured layer pressure break are completed, and treat after next section of fracturing section of pressure break or fractured layer carried out perforation, ball injector drops into packing ball, in production casing, inject fracturing fluid, packing ball is delivered to this fracturing section completing pressure break or fractured layer near the casing nipple place of ball injector side, this casing nipple of shutoff.
Described packing ball and described casing nipple match.
The method is applicable to coal bed gas horizontal well, coal bed gas straight well and coal bed gas directional well.In horizontal well, as shown in Figure 1, each section of staged fracturing corresponds to fracturing section, and in straight well or directional well, as shown in Figure 3 or Figure 4, each section of staged fracturing corresponds to fractured layer.The length of each section of fracturing section or the height of fractured layer are determined according to the requirement of staged fracturing.
Further, described casing nipple comprises: jacket and inner sleeve,
The overcoat specification of each casing nipple is identical, and the intensity of overcoat is greater than the intensity of production casing;
The external diameter of the inner sleeve of each casing nipple is identical, and inner sleeve and overcoat screwed connection are also fixing;
The internal diameter of the inner sleeve of each casing nipple, reduces successively by distance ball injector order from the near to the remote.
Further, the interior diameter of the inner sleeve of two adjacent casing pipe nipples differs arbitrary value between 7mm to 8mm.
Further, the diameter of described packing ball is than arbitrary value between the interior diameter of the casing nipple matched large 3.5mm to 4mm.
Further, described inner sleeve material therefor is composite material.
Further, described packing ball material therefor is composite rubber material, and resistance to pressure reduction intensity is greater than 40MPa.
Further, when production casing is 5 cun of half-covering tubes, the quantity of fracturing section or fractured layer is arbitrary value in 2 to 7;
Further, when production casing is 7 cun of half-covering tubes, the quantity of fracturing section or fractured layer is arbitrary value in 2 to 10.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not intended to limit protection scope of the present invention.All any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., be all included in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a staged fracturing system for coal bed gas well, is characterized in that, described system comprises: casing nipple, fracturing device, ball injector and packing ball,
Each casing nipple is connected with the production casing of coal bed gas well, lays respectively between two sections of fracturing sections or fractured layer, and the production casing being provided with casing nipple is lowered in well after drilling well completes cements the well;
Ball injector is connected with the top of production tree in coal bed gas well, and oil recovery lower part of a tree is connected with production casing, and by distance ball injector order from the near to the remote, the internal diameter of each casing nipple reduces successively;
Fracturing device, for carrying out pressure break by as far as near order to each section of fracturing section or fractured layer by distance ball injector, comprising: carry out pressure break with fracturing fluid to each section of fracturing section or fractured layer, then carries proppant with load fluid and enter into the crack that pressure break goes out; One section of fracturing section or fractured layer pressure break are completed, and treat after next section of fracturing section of pressure break or fractured layer carried out perforation, fracturing fluid is injected in production casing, the packing ball dropped into by ball injector is delivered to this fracturing section completing pressure break or the casing nipple of fractured layer near ball injector side, this casing nipple of shutoff, described packing ball and described casing nipple match.
2. system according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described casing nipple comprises: jacket and inner sleeve,
The overcoat specification of each casing nipple is identical, and the intensity of overcoat is greater than the intensity of production casing;
The external diameter of the inner sleeve of each casing nipple is identical, and inner sleeve and overcoat screwed connection are also fixing;
The internal diameter of the inner sleeve of each casing nipple, reduces successively by distance ball injector order from the near to the remote.
3. system according to claim 2, is characterized in that,
Described inner sleeve material therefor is composite material.
4. the system according to Claims 2 or 3, is characterized in that,
Arbitrary value between the interior diameter difference 7mm to 8mm of the inner sleeve of two adjacent casing pipe nipples.
5. system according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
The diameter of described packing ball is than the arbitrary value between the large 3.5mm to 4mm of the interior diameter of the casing nipple matched.
6. system according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described packing ball material therefor is composite rubber material, and resistance to pressure reduction intensity is greater than 40MPa.
7. system according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
When production casing is 5 cun of half-covering tubes, the quantity of fracturing section or fractured layer is arbitrary value in 2 to 7;
And/or,
When production casing is 7 cun of half-covering tubes, the quantity of fracturing section or fractured layer is arbitrary value in 2 to 10.
8. a staged fracturing method for coal bed gas well, is characterized in that, described method comprises:
Each casing nipple is connected with the production casing of coal bed gas well, each casing nipple lays respectively between two sections of fracturing sections or fractured layer, after drilling well completes, production casing G.I.H is cemented the well, the lower part of a tree that recovers the oil in coal bed gas well is connected with production casing, ball injector is connected with the top of production tree; By distance ball injector order from the near to the remote, the internal diameter of each casing nipple reduces successively;
By as far as near order, pressure break is carried out to each section of fracturing section or fractured layer by distance ball injector by fracturing device, comprising: with fracturing fluid, pressure break is carried out to each section of fracturing section or fractured layer, then carry proppant with load fluid and enter into the crack that pressure break goes out; One section of fracturing section or fractured layer pressure break are completed, and treat after next section of fracturing section of pressure break or fractured layer carried out perforation, ball injector drops into packing ball, fracturing fluid is injected in production casing, packing ball is delivered to this fracturing section completing pressure break or the fractured layer casing nipple place near ball injector side, this casing nipple of shutoff, described packing ball and described casing nipple match.
9. method according to claim 8, is characterized in that,
Described casing nipple comprises: jacket and inner sleeve,
The overcoat specification of each casing nipple is identical, and the intensity of overcoat is greater than the intensity of production casing;
The external diameter of the inner sleeve of each casing nipple is identical, and inner sleeve and overcoat screwed connection are also fixing;
The internal diameter of the inner sleeve of each casing nipple, reduces successively by distance ball injector order from the near to the remote.
10. method according to claim 9, is characterized in that,
Arbitrary value between the interior diameter difference 7mm to 8mm of the inner sleeve of two adjacent casing pipe nipples,
And/or,
The diameter of described packing ball is than the arbitrary value between the large 3.5mm to 4mm of the interior diameter of the casing nipple matched.
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