CN103194701A - Production process for aluminium alloy profile - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of production and preparation processes for industrial aluminium alloy, and particularly relates to a production process for an aluminium alloy profile. The production process for an aluminium alloy profile comprises the following steps of: step 1, die preheating, extrusion barrel preheating and ingot preheating, namely, preheating at a temperature of 470-500 DEG C for 3.5-12 hours early, preheating an extrusion barrel at a temperature of 440-450 DEG C in advance, and preheating an ingot at a temperature of 500-530 DEG C in advance; step 2, extrusion forming, namely, placing the ingot in the extrusion barrel and performing extrusion forming; step 3, quenching treatment, namely, quenching the extruded aluminium alloy profile at the outlet of the extrusion barrel through a water groove or via online water mist; step 4, stretcher straightening; and step 5, saw-cutting and packaging. The production process for the aluminium alloy profile has the characteristics that the process is simple, the controllability is strong, and the produced aluminium alloy profile is smooth in surface, good in quality and high in finished product rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the process for producing technical field of commercial aluminum alloy, be specifically related to a kind of production technique of aluminium alloy extrusions.
Background technology
In the prior art, 6063 aluminium alloys are widely used in the framework of building aluminium door and window, curtain wall, in order to guarantee that door and window, curtain wall have high resisting wind press capacity, assembly performance, corrosion resisting property and decorate properties, the requirement of aluminium alloy extrusions over-all properties is higher than the industry profile standard far away.The factor that influences 6063 aluminium alloy section surface quality is a lot, all can influence the surface quality of aluminium alloy as the accuracy requirement of ingot quality requirement, Mould design, processing.But one of important factor that many times, influences the section bar surface quality is exactly the extrusion process of section bar.The surface quality defect of general aluminium alloy extrusions has slag inclusion, cut, extruding striped, surface irregularity, hot spot, bubble etc., and these defectives will influence section quality.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is provides a kind of aluminium alloy extrusions preparation technology at above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, and it is simple that it has technology, and controllability is strong, and the aluminium alloy section surface of producing is smooth, and quality is good, the characteristics that yield rate is high.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of production technique of aluminium alloy extrusions is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, mould and die preheating: preheating in 3.5 ~ 12 hours in advance, preheating temperature is 470 ~ 500 ℃; The container preheating: preheating in advance, preheating temperature is 440 ~ 450 ℃; The ingot casting preheating: preheating in advance, preheating temperature is 500 ~ 530 ℃;
Step 2: extrusion molding: ingot casting is put into the container extrusion molding; Extrusion speed: should select the middling speed extruding for use, ∮ 254 * 886mm ingot casting is approximately controlled at 30 pieces/hour; Every ingot casting preferably takes measures to carry out the suitable attenuation processing of speed when being expressed to about residue 300mm.Must not carry out the oiling swabbing in the extrusion process, in order to avoid greasy dirt impurity is brought in the aluminium alloy extrusions goods.
Step 3: quench treatment: the aluminium alloy extrusions that extruding is come out is crossed tank and is quenched or online water spray quenching in the exit of described container;
Step 4: tension leveling;
Step 5: sawing packing.
Wherein, when described mould is the new die that uses first, need the working-surface of described new die is carried out carrying out nitriding treatment again after the polished finish extremely smoothly.
Mould is once gone up the machine throughput:
(1) machine is thrown the ingot amount in the new mould nitrogenize first: (∮ 254 * 886mm) to be no more than 20 ingots;
(2) machine is thrown the ingot amount in the mould nitrogenize for the second time: (∮ 254 * 886mm) to be no more than 35 ingots;
(3) machine is thrown the ingot amount in the mould nitrogenize for the third time: (∮ 254 * 886mm) to be no more than 50 ingots;
(4) mould (contains four times) machine throwing ingot amount in the nitrogenize more than the 4th time: (∮ 254 * 886mm) to be no more than 65 ingots.
Mould can significantly improve hardness, wear resistance, seizure resistance, corrosion resistance and the fatigue property of die surface by nitriding treatment, can prevent die deformation.
Wherein, described new die uses for preceding four times, pass through alkali cleaning at every turn after, must carry out nitriding treatment one time, described new die nitriding treatment is more than four times, carries out nitriding treatment again one time after changing per twice alkali cleaning into, and the each nitriding treatment of described new die is forward and backward all to need to carry out polished finish.
Die surface is unclean, has greasy dirt, oxide skin and Decarburized layer not to remove, and it is low to cause nitrided hard layer to spend, and adopts polished finish can remove the surface impurity of mould, strengthens nitriding result, improves nitride layer hardness.The nitriding phase of mould can be divided into carburazing period and diffusion period, constantly mould is carried out nitriding treatment preceding four times, strengthens the nitrided case of mould by stages, prolongs the soaking time of mould, makes nitriding more even.
Wherein, when the room temperature of production plant was 10 ~ 25 ℃, the preheating temperature of described ingot casting was: 510 ℃ ~ 530 ℃; Temperature and the temperature of described ingot casting are inversely proportional to; When the room temperature of production plant was 25 ~ 35 ℃, the preheating temperature of described ingot casting was: 500 ~ 510 ℃.
The room temp of different weathers is bigger to the ingot casting Temperature Influence, and casting temp is low, therefore need adjust the preheating temperature of ingot casting according to the practical situation of season or room temperature.The white corrosion spot can appear in aluminium alloy extrusions surface in extrusion process, age spot appears in the section bar surface after surface oxidation treatment, and this is that surface temperature is too high when pushing owing to section bar, is burnt in the section bar surface, mould and ingot casting temperature are too high, can cause white dot.Therefore temperature can not be too high.
Wherein, the quenching temperature of aluminium alloy extrusions described in the described step 3 is controlled at 500 ~ 530 ℃, and described aluminium alloy extrusions quenches back temperature control at 50 ~ 280 ℃.Quenching temperature refers to into tank or the temperature when entering the water spray quenching district, require to spot-check at interval in the machine production process on every mold the section bar outlet quenching temperature of 3～5 ingots and the back temperature of quenching, guarantee to meet above-mentioned processing requirement, to improve intensity, hardness, wear resistance, fatigue strength and the toughness etc. of steel.
Wherein, the sawing of described step 5 is specially carries out crop and back-end crop processing to aluminium alloy extrusions, and crop length is 0.8 ~ 1.0 meter, and back-end crop length is 3.0 ~ 3.2 meters.
Wherein, also comprise aging treatment process between described step 4 and the step 5, aging temp is 175 ~ 185 ℃, and soaking time is 8 hours, to eliminate unrelieved stress, stablizes tissue and the size of aluminium alloy extrusions.
Wherein, the surplus thickness of the pressure of described mould is 40 ~ 42mm.The pressure of extruding ingot casting is surplus too small, and the oxide skin that a part participates in and impurity can flow into and also can make the section bar surface tear in the nib or cause slag inclusion when continuously extruded.
Wherein, the amount of tension control in the described step 4 guarantees that at stretching aluminium alloy extrusions size is qualified, orange peel phenomenon does not appear in the surface 1 ~ 1.5%.
Wherein, the main component per-cent of described aluminium alloy extrusions is: Mg 0.55 ~ 0.60%, and Si 0.37 ~ 0.41%, and Fe 0.13%, and Cu 0.02%, Mn0.02%, and Ti0.02%, Cr0.01%, Zn 0.02%, and surplus is Al.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: by controlling the preheating temperature of mould, container, ingot casting is strict, through quench treatment, carrying out tension leveling, the aluminium alloy section surface no marking that production obtains, no bubble, not have extruding striped, no hot spot, smooth surface smooth, unit elongation and intensity height.
Embodiment
With the following Examples the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1
Step 1, mould and die preheating: mould preheating in 3.5 hours in advance, preheating temperature is 470 ℃; When described mould is the new die that uses first, needs working-surface to described mould carry out polished finish and carry out nitriding treatment again after level and smooth, described new die uses for preceding four times, pass through alkali cleaning at every turn after, must carry out nitriding treatment; Described new die nitriding treatment changes into every through carrying out one time nitriding treatment after twice alkali cleaning again more than four times, described new die nitriding treatment is forward and backward all to need to carry out polished finish.The container preheating: preheating in advance, preheating temperature is 440 ~ 450 ℃; The ingot casting preheating: preheating in advance, preheating temperature is 500 ℃;
Step 2: extrusion molding: ingot casting is put into the container extrusion molding;
Step 3: quench treatment: the aluminium alloy extrusions that extruding is come out is crossed tank and is quenched in the exit of described container, the control of the quenching temperature of aluminium alloy extrusions described in the described step 3 is at 500 ~ 530 ℃, and described aluminium alloy extrusions quenches back temperature control at 50 ~ 280 ℃.
Step 4: tension leveling, amount of tension is controlled 1 ~ 1.5%, and the surplus thickness of the pressure of described mould is 40 ~ 42mm.
Step 5: the sawing packing, the crop length of aluminium alloy extrusions is 0.8 ~ 1.0 meter, back-end crop length is 3.0 ~ 3.2 meters.
Embodiment 2
Step 1, mould and die preheating: mould preheating in 5 hours in advance, preheating temperature is 480 ℃; When described mould is the new die that uses first, needs working-surface to described new die carry out polished finish and carry out nitriding treatment again after level and smooth, described new die uses for preceding four times, pass through alkali cleaning at every turn after, must carry out nitriding treatment; Described new die nitriding treatment changes into every through carrying out one time nitriding treatment after twice alkali cleaning again more than four times, described mould nitriding treatment is forward and backward all to need to carry out polished finish.The container preheating: preheating in advance, preheating temperature is 440 ~ 450 ℃; The ingot casting preheating: preheating in advance, preheating temperature is 520 ℃;
Step 2: extrusion molding: ingot casting is put into the container extrusion molding;
Step 3: quench treatment: the aluminium alloy extrusions that extruding is come out is crossed tank and is quenched in the exit of described container, the control of the quenching temperature of aluminium alloy extrusions described in the described step 3 is at 500 ~ 530 ℃, and described aluminium alloy extrusions quenches back temperature control at 50 ~ 280 ℃.
Step 4: tension leveling, amount of tension is controlled 1 ~ 1.5%, and the surplus thickness of the pressure of described mould is 40 ~ 42mm.
Step 5: the sawing packing, the crop length of aluminium alloy extrusions is 0.8 ~ 1.0 meter, back-end crop length is 3.0 ~ 3.2 meters.
Embodiment 3
Step 1, mould and die preheating: mould preheating in 5 hours in advance, preheating temperature is 500 ℃; When described mould is the new die that uses first, needs working-surface to described new die carry out polished finish and carry out nitriding treatment again after level and smooth, described new die uses for preceding four times, pass through alkali cleaning at every turn after, must carry out nitriding treatment; Described new die nitriding treatment changes into every through carrying out nitriding treatment of a minor tick after twice alkali cleaning again more than four times, described new die nitriding treatment is forward and backward all to need to carry out polished finish.The container preheating: preheating in advance, preheating temperature is 440 ~ 450 ℃; The ingot casting preheating: preheating in advance, preheating temperature is 530 ℃;
Step 2: extrusion molding: ingot casting is put into the container extrusion molding;
Step 3: quench treatment: the aluminium alloy extrusions that extruding is come out is crossed tank and is quenched in the exit of described container, the control of the quenching temperature of aluminium alloy extrusions described in the described step 3 is at 500 ~ 530 ℃, and described aluminium alloy extrusions quenches back temperature control at 50 ~ 280 ℃.
Step 4: tension leveling, amount of tension is controlled 1 ~ 1.5%, and the surplus thickness of the pressure of described mould is 40 ~ 42mm.
Step 5: the sawing packing, the crop length of aluminium alloy extrusions is 0.8 ~ 1.0 meter, back-end crop length is 3.0 ~ 3.2 meters.
One, the check of aluminium alloy extrusions and ingot casting
1, first material survey requirement
(1) must section bar plane clearance, width and the wall thickness dimension through quench treatment conscientiously be detected during machine on every mold, should guarantee that simultaneously the section bar surface is more bright and clean more good.Should in time spot-check plane clearance, width and wall thickness dimension in the tension leveling process, preceding 5～6 ingots of every mold should by detect the section bar head, in, the size of rear and the reasonable extensibility that plane clearance is determined this batch aluminium alloy extrusions, the inspection that midway stretches simultaneously, profile size and planeness after guaranteeing to stretch meet technical requirements.
(2) section bar of every mold requires inspector or sawing worker to answer random inspection width and wall thickness dimension before sawing frames up, and guarantees that the product size precision reaches the drawing requirement.
2, the plane clearance self check classification requirement that frames up:
First inspection section bar planeness should be checked on according to the standard of≤0.3mm, must conscientiously detect and frame up separately for the overproof section bar of plane clearance when sawing frames up, and carry out ageing treatment again after submitting to shaping to handle.
3, lateral bending inspection
The lateral bending situation of section end to end to every section bar before production teams and groups frame up is tested (two check piecing together), must frame up separately to the section bar that has lateral bending, in order to avoid exceed standard and cause unnecessary loss because cutting gradient during follow-up finishing mandrel.
4, sampling requirement:
(1) ordinary production: the each extrusion profile of every mold should be chosen 2 ingot castings at interval, cut behind the cutting head cutting tail in accordance with regulations length 220mm head, in, tail sample each 1 (totally 6) and with marking pen mark " pattern number " and " 1, in 1, tail 1 " and " 2, in 2, tail 2 " sign, carry out timeliness for indexs such as hardness detection usefulness with frame simultaneously;
(2) justify the ingot casting checking: when regular lot is produced, the round ingot casting that each casting is inferior number all should be chosen one on long ingot and push trial-production according to production technique, section bar frames up separately and conscientiously represent the heat number of ingot casting on visitor card, choose at interval simultaneously 3 ingots behind normal crop, back-end crop, cut head, in, tail sample each 1 (totally 9) and with marking pen mark " heat number " and " 1, in 1, tail 1 " and " 2, in 2, tail 2 " ... .. sign and carry out timeliness with frame.
(3) should carry out sign and stacking separately for the underproof ingot casting of empirical tests.
5, the macrostructure table of ingot casting is as follows.
| The defective title | Technical requirements |
| Crackle | Do not allow to exist |
| Pore | Do not allow to exist |
| Slag inclusion | The single area that is mingled with is not more than 0.3mm 2And no more than 2 points |
| Light crystal grain | Allow no more than 5 points, every some mean diameter is not more than 2mm; Or no more than 2 points, every some mean diameter is not more than 7mm |
| The featheriness crystalline substance | Do not allow to exist |
| Grain fineness number | Be not more than 1 grade |
| Loose | Be no more than 1 grade |
6, the soaking of ingot casting detects
Being rapidly heated 595 ℃, being incubated 1.0-1.5 hour, with 20 ℃ temperature drop per hour fire box temperature is dropped to 575 ℃ again, is to begin to calculate soaking time when ingot casting surface minimum temperature reaches 565 ± 5 ℃, and soaking time requires more than 7 hours.
Detect and screen by the quality to ingot casting and finished product, guarantee to produce the aluminium alloy extrusions quality that obtains.
Should be noted that at last; above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention; but not limiting the scope of the invention; although with reference to preferred embodiment the present invention has been done to explain; those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that; can make amendment or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not break away from essence and the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the production technique of an aluminium alloy extrusions is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, mould and die preheating: preheating in 3.5 ~ 12 hours in advance, preheating temperature is 470 ~ 500 ℃;
The container preheating: preheating in advance, preheating temperature is 440 ~ 450 ℃;
The ingot casting preheating: preheating in advance, preheating temperature is 500 ~ 530 ℃;
Step 2: extrusion molding: ingot casting is put into the container extrusion molding;
Step 3: quench treatment: the aluminium alloy extrusions that extruding is come out is crossed tank and is quenched or online water spray quenching in the exit of described container;
Step 4: tension leveling;
Step 5: sawing packing.
2. the production technique of a kind of aluminium alloy extrusions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: when described mould is the new die that uses first, need the working-surface of described new die is carried out carrying out nitriding treatment again after the polished finish extremely smoothly.
3. according to the production technique of described a kind of aluminium alloy extrusions of claim 2, it is characterized in that: described new die uses for preceding four times, each through after the alkali cleaning, must carry out nitriding treatment one time, described new die nitriding treatment is more than four times, carry out nitriding treatment again one time after changing per twice alkali cleaning into, the each nitriding treatment of described new die is forward and backward all to need to carry out polished finish.
4. according to the production technique of described a kind of aluminium alloy extrusions of claim 1, it is characterized in that: when the room temperature of production plant was 10 ~ 25 ℃, the preheating temperature of described ingot casting was: 510 ℃ ~ 530 ℃; Temperature and the temperature of described ingot casting are inversely proportional to;
When the room temperature of production plant was 25 ~ 35 ℃, the preheating temperature of described ingot casting was: 500 ~ 510 ℃.
5. according to the production technique of described a kind of aluminium alloy extrusions of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the quenching temperature of aluminium alloy extrusions described in the described step 3 is controlled at 500 ~ 530 ℃, and described aluminium alloy extrusions quenches back temperature control at 50 ~ 280 ℃.
6. according to the production technique of described a kind of aluminium alloy extrusions of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the sawing of described step 5 is specially carries out crop and back-end crop is handled to aluminium alloy extrusions, and crop length is 0.8 ~ 1.0 meter, and back-end crop length is 3.0 ~ 3.2 meters.
7. according to the production technique of described a kind of aluminium alloy extrusions of claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise also between described step 4 and the step 5 that aging treatment process, aging temp are 175 ~ 185 ℃, soaking time is 8 hours.
8. according to the production technique of described a kind of aluminium alloy extrusions of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the surplus thickness of the pressure of described mould is 40 ~ 42mm.
9. according to the production technique of described a kind of aluminium alloy extrusions of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the amount of tension control in the described step 4 is 1 ~ 1.5%.
10. the production technique of a kind of aluminium alloy extrusions according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described aluminium alloy extrusions is made up of following raw materials by weight percent: Mg 0.55 ~ 0.60%, Si 0.37 ~ 0.41%, Fe 0.13%, and Cu 0.02%, Mn0.02%, Ti0.02%, Cr0.01%, Zn 0.02%, and surplus is Al.
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