A kind of production technique of aluminium alloy extrusions
Technical field
The present invention relates to the process for producing technical field of commercial aluminum alloy, be specifically related to a kind of production technique of aluminium alloy extrusions.
Background technology
In prior art, 6063 aluminium alloys are widely used in the framework of building aluminium door and window, curtain wall, in order to ensure door and window, curtain wall has high resisting wind press capacity, assembly performance, corrosion resisting property and decorate properties, to the requirement of aluminium alloy extrusions over-all properties far away higher than industry profile standard.The factor affecting 6063 Surface Quality of Aluminum Alloy Profiles is a lot, as ingot quality requirement, the design of mould, the accuracy requirement of processing all can affect the surface quality of aluminium alloy.But many times, affect the extrusion process that one of important factor of section bar surface quality is exactly section bar.The surface quality defect of general aluminium alloy extrusions has slag inclusion, cut, extruding striped, surface irregularity, hot spot, bubble etc., and these defects will affect section quality.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is, for above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, to provide a kind of aluminium alloy extrusions preparation technology, it is simple that it has technique, and controllability is strong, and the aluminium alloy section surface produced is smooth, and quality is good, the feature that yield rate is high.
Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A production technique for aluminium alloy extrusions, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
Step one, mould and die preheating: preheating in 3.5 ~ 12 hours in advance, preheating temperature is 470 ~ 500 DEG C; Container preheating: preheating in advance, preheating temperature is 440 ~ 450 DEG C; Ingot casting preheating: preheating in advance, preheating temperature is 500 ~ 530 DEG C;
Step 2: extrusion molding: ingot casting is put into container extrusion molding; Extrusion speed: middling speed should be selected to extrude, ∮ 254 × 886mm ingot casting approximately controls at 30 pieces/hour; Every root ingot casting preferably takes measures to carry out the suitable attenuation processing of speed when being expressed to and approximately remaining 300mm.Oiling swabbing must not be carried out, in order to avoid greasy dirt impurity is brought in aluminium alloy extrusions goods in extrusion process.
Step 3: quench treatment: the aluminium alloy extrusions squeezed out crosses tank quenching or online water spray quenching in the exit of described container;
Step 4: tension leveling;
Step 5: sawing is packed.
Wherein, when described mould is the new die used first, polished finish need be carried out to the working-surface of described new die and carry out nitriding treatment again after level and smooth.
Machine throughput once gone up by mould:
(1) in new mould nitrogenize first, ingot amount thrown by machine: be no more than 20 ingots (∮ 254 × 886mm);
(2) in the nitrogenize of mould second time, ingot amount thrown by machine: be no more than 35 ingots (∮ 254 × 886mm);
(3) in mould third time nitrogenize, ingot amount thrown by machine: be no more than 50 ingots (∮ 254 × 886mm);
(4) in mould more than the 4th time (containing four times) nitrogenize, ingot amount thrown by machine: be no more than 65 ingots (∮ 254 × 886mm).
Mould can significantly improve the hardness of die surface, wear resistance, seizure resistance, corrosion resistance and fatigue property by nitriding treatment, can prevent die deformation.
Wherein, described new die uses, at every turn after alkali cleaning for first four times, a nitriding treatment must be carried out, described new die nitriding treatment more than four times, carries out a nitriding treatment after changing every twice alkali cleaning into again, and each nitriding treatment of described new die forward and backward all needs carries out polished finish.
Die surface is unclean, has greasy dirt, oxide skin and Decarburized layer not removed, nitrided hard layer can be caused to spend low, adopts polished finish can remove the surface impurity of mould, strengthens nitriding result, improve nitride layer hardness.The nitriding phase of mould can be divided into carburazing period and diffusion period, constantly carries out nitriding treatment to mould, strengthens the nitrided case of mould by stages for first four times, extends the soaking time of mould, makes nitriding more even.
Wherein, when the room temperature of production plant is 10 ~ 25 DEG C, the preheating temperature of described ingot casting is: 510 DEG C ~ 530 DEG C; Temperature and the temperature of described ingot casting are inversely proportional to; When the room temperature of production plant is 25 ~ 35 DEG C, the preheating temperature of described ingot casting is: 500 ~ 510 DEG C.
The room temp of Different climate is comparatively large on the impact of ingot casting temperature, and casting temp is low, therefore needs the preheating temperature adjusting ingot casting according to the practical situation of season or room temperature.Aluminium alloy extrusions surface in extrusion process there will be white corrosion spot, there is age spot in Surface of profile after surface oxidation treatment, and this is that Surface of profile is burnt because surface temperature during profile extrusion is too high, mould and ingot casting temperature too high, can white dot be caused.Therefore temperature can not be too high.
Wherein, the quenching temperature of aluminium alloy extrusions described in described step 3 controls at 500 ~ 530 DEG C, and after described aluminum alloy section quenching, temperature controls at 50 ~ 280 DEG C.Temperature when quenching temperature refers to into tank or enters water spray quenching district, requiring on every mold in machine production process all should the section bar outlet quenching temperature of interval selective examination 3 ~ 5 ingots and temperature after quenching, guarantee to meet above-mentioned processing requirement, to improve the intensity of steel, hardness, wear resistance, fatigue strength and toughness etc.
Wherein, the sawing of described step 5 is specially carries out crop and back-end crop process to aluminium alloy extrusions, and crop length is 0.8 ~ 1.0 meter, and back-end crop length is 3.0 ~ 3.2 meters.
Wherein, also comprise aging treatment process between described step 4 and step 5, aging temp is 175 ~ 185 DEG C, and soaking time is 8 hours, to eliminate unrelieved stress, stablizes tissue and the size of aluminium alloy extrusions.
Wherein, more than the pressure of described mould, thickness is 40 ~ 42mm.Too small more than the pressure of extruding ingot casting, the oxide skin that a part participates in and impurity can flow in nib when continuously extruded, Surface of profile also can be made to scratch or cause slag inclusion.
Wherein, the amount of tension in described step 4 controls 1 ~ 1.5%, guarantees size qualification, surface do not occur orange peel phenomenon at stretching aluminium alloy extrusions.
Wherein, the main component per-cent of described aluminium alloy extrusions is: Mg 0.55 ~ 0.60%, Si 0.37 ~ 0.41%, Fe 0.13%, Cu 0.02%, Mn0.02%, Ti0.02%, Cr0.01%, Zn 0.02%, surplus is Al.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: by strictly controlling the preheating temperature of mould, container, ingot casting, through quench treatment, carrying out tension leveling, produce the aluminium alloy section surface no marking, bubble-free, smooth without extruding striped, corrosion-free point, smooth surface obtained, unit elongation and intensity high.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described with the following Examples.
embodiment 1
Step one, mould and die preheating: mould shifts to an earlier date preheating in 3.5 hours, preheating temperature is 470 DEG C; When described mould is the new die used first, need carries out polished finish carry out nitriding treatment again to the working-surface of described mould after level and smooth, described new die uses for first four times, at every turn after alkali cleaning, must carry out nitriding treatment; Described new die nitriding treatment changes into for more than four times and often after twice alkali cleaning, carries out a nitriding treatment again, and described new die nitriding treatment forward and backward all needs carries out polished finish.Container preheating: preheating in advance, preheating temperature is 440 ~ 450 DEG C; Ingot casting preheating: preheating in advance, preheating temperature is 500 DEG C;
Step 2: extrusion molding: ingot casting is put into container extrusion molding;
Step 3: quench treatment: tank quenching crossed by the aluminium alloy extrusions squeezed out in the exit of described container, the quenching temperature of aluminium alloy extrusions described in described step 3 controls at 500 ~ 530 DEG C, and after described aluminum alloy section quenching, temperature controls at 50 ~ 280 DEG C.
Step 4: tension leveling, amount of tension controls 1 ~ 1.5%, and more than the pressure of described mould, thickness is 40 ~ 42mm.
Step 5: sawing is packed, and the crop length of aluminium alloy extrusions is 0.8 ~ 1.0 meter, and back-end crop length is 3.0 ~ 3.2 meters.
embodiment 2
Step one, mould and die preheating: mould shifts to an earlier date preheating in 5 hours, preheating temperature is 480 DEG C; When described mould is the new die used first, need carries out polished finish carry out nitriding treatment again to the working-surface of described new die after level and smooth, described new die uses for first four times, at every turn after alkali cleaning, must carry out nitriding treatment; Described new die nitriding treatment changes into for more than four times and often after twice alkali cleaning, carries out a nitriding treatment again, and described Step for Die & Mold Nitridation process forward and backward all needs carries out polished finish.Container preheating: preheating in advance, preheating temperature is 440 ~ 450 DEG C; Ingot casting preheating: preheating in advance, preheating temperature is 520 DEG C;
Step 2: extrusion molding: ingot casting is put into container extrusion molding;
Step 3: quench treatment: tank quenching crossed by the aluminium alloy extrusions squeezed out in the exit of described container, the quenching temperature of aluminium alloy extrusions described in described step 3 controls at 500 ~ 530 DEG C, and after described aluminum alloy section quenching, temperature controls at 50 ~ 280 DEG C.
Step 4: tension leveling, amount of tension controls 1 ~ 1.5%, and more than the pressure of described mould, thickness is 40 ~ 42mm.
Step 5: sawing is packed, and the crop length of aluminium alloy extrusions is 0.8 ~ 1.0 meter, and back-end crop length is 3.0 ~ 3.2 meters.
embodiment 3
Step one, mould and die preheating: mould shifts to an earlier date preheating in 5 hours, preheating temperature is 500 DEG C; When described mould is the new die used first, need carries out polished finish carry out nitriding treatment again to the working-surface of described new die after level and smooth, described new die uses for first four times, at every turn after alkali cleaning, must carry out nitriding treatment; Described new die nitriding treatment changes into for more than four times and often after twice alkali cleaning, carries out minor tick nitriding treatment again, and described new die nitriding treatment forward and backward all needs carries out polished finish.Container preheating: preheating in advance, preheating temperature is 440 ~ 450 DEG C; Ingot casting preheating: preheating in advance, preheating temperature is 530 DEG C;
Step 2: extrusion molding: ingot casting is put into container extrusion molding;
Step 3: quench treatment: tank quenching crossed by the aluminium alloy extrusions squeezed out in the exit of described container, the quenching temperature of aluminium alloy extrusions described in described step 3 controls at 500 ~ 530 DEG C, and after described aluminum alloy section quenching, temperature controls at 50 ~ 280 DEG C.
Step 4: tension leveling, amount of tension controls 1 ~ 1.5%, and more than the pressure of described mould, thickness is 40 ~ 42mm.
Step 5: sawing is packed, and the crop length of aluminium alloy extrusions is 0.8 ~ 1.0 meter, and back-end crop length is 3.0 ~ 3.2 meters.
one, the inspection of aluminium alloy extrusions and ingot casting
1, first material survey requirement
(1) every mold conscientiously must detect through the section surface gap of quench treatment, width and wall thickness dimension during machine, should guarantee that Surface of profile is more bright and clean better simultaneously.Plane clearance, width and wall thickness dimension should be spot-check in time in tension leveling process, front 5 ~ 6 ingots of every mold should by detect section bar head, in, the size of rear and plane clearance determine the reasonable extensibility of this batch of aluminium alloy extrusions, stretching inspection is carried out in midway simultaneously, guarantees that the profile size after stretching and planeness meet technical requirements.
(2) section bar of every mold requires that before sawing frames up inspector or sawing work answer random inspection width and wall thickness dimension, guarantees that product size precision reaches drawing requirement.
2, plane clearance self-inspection classification frames up requirement:
First inspection flatness of sectional material should be checked on according to the standard of≤0.3mm, must conscientiously detect and frame up separately, and carry out ageing treatment again after submitting Shape correction to when sawing frames up for the section bar that plane clearance is overproof.
3, lateral bending inspection
Before production team frames up, the lateral bending of the section end to end situation of every root type material is tested (two panels to spelling check), must frame up separately to the section bar that there is lateral bending, in order to avoid exceed standard cause unnecessary loss because cutting gradient during follow-up finishing mandrel.
4, sampling requirement:
(1) normally produce: every each extrusion profile of mold answers interval to choose 2 ingot castings, by cut after regulation cutting head cutting tail length 220mm head, in, tail sample each 1 (totally 6) and with marking pen mark " pattern number " and " 1, in 1, tail 1 " and " 2, in 2, tail 2 " identify, while carry out timeliness for Indexs measure such as hardness with frame;
(2) ingot casting checking is justified: when regular lot is produced, the round ingot casting that each casting is secondary number all should be chosen one, long ingot and carry out extruding trial-production according to production technique, section bar frames up separately and on visitor card, conscientiously represents the heat number of ingot casting, simultaneously interval choose 3 ingots cut after normal crop, back-end crop head, in, tail sample each 1 (totally 9) and with marking pen mark " heat number " and " 1, in 1, tail 1 " and " 2, in 2, tail 2 " ... .. identify and carry out timeliness with frame.
(3) mark should be carried out for the underproof ingot casting of empirical tests and stack separately.
5, the macrostructure table of ingot casting is as follows.
Defect title |
Technical requirements |
Crackle |
Do not allow existence |
Pore |
Do not allow existence |
Slag inclusion |
The single area that is mingled with is not more than 0.3mm
2And no more than 2 points
|
Bright crystal |
Allow no more than 5 points, often some mean diameter is not more than 2mm; Or no more than 2 points, often some mean diameter is not more than 7mm |
Feather-like Crystal |
Do not allow existence |
Grain fineness number |
Be not more than 1 grade |
Loose |
Be no more than 1 grade |
6, the soaking of ingot casting detects
Be rapidly heated 595 DEG C, insulation 1.0-1.5 hour, then with the temperature drop of 20 DEG C per hour, fire box temperature dropped to 575 DEG C, be start to calculate soaking time when ingot casting surface minimum temperature reaches 565 ± 5 DEG C, soaking time requires more than 7 hours.
By detecting the quality of ingot casting and finished product and screen, guarantee to produce the aluminium alloy extrusions quality obtained.
Finally should be noted that; above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention; but not limiting the scope of the invention; although done to explain to the present invention with reference to preferred embodiment; those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that; can modify to technical scheme of the present invention or equivalent replacement, and not depart from essence and the scope of technical solution of the present invention.