CN103180600B - 内燃机构用燃料喷射阀 - Google Patents
内燃机构用燃料喷射阀 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
内燃机构用燃料喷射阀包括阀体;喷嘴,结合于所述阀体下端;阀板,设置于所述阀体内,并在上侧具备压缩空气舱室;主针轴,位于所述阀板下端;主针,设置于喷嘴来位于所述主针轴的下端,通过供给的压缩燃料流来开放形成于喷嘴的阀流路,从而通过主喷射孔来构成燃料的喷射,并具备有预供给口;主针弹簧,设置成位于所述主针轴与阀板之间;弹簧板,下侧向着所述阀板插入,并在上侧内部具备空气供给孔来向压缩空气舱室内供给空气;预针弹簧,位于所述弹簧板的下端;预针轴,位于所述预针弹簧的下端;预针,设置于主针来位于所述预针轴的下端,并通过主针的预供给口供给的燃料流来运行,从而开放形成于主针内的阀流路,通过预喷射孔来构成燃料的喷射。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及内燃机构用燃料喷射阀,更详细地说是涉及在应用可转换使用柴油燃料与气体燃料的双重燃料引擎(Dual-Fuel Engine)或应用现有的柴油引擎时,通过主喷射与预喷射的同时作用来将高压的柴油燃料喷射至燃烧室或通过预喷射来仅将少量的燃料流喷射至燃烧室的内燃机构用燃料喷射阀。
背景技术
通常,以往的内燃机构用燃料喷射阀具有一个针与弹簧,从而在有压力高于开放压力(Opening Pressure)的燃料进入时会开启阀流路,在有压力低于开放压力的燃料进入时会关闭阀流路。由此,在燃料泵中形成的高压的燃料进入到燃料喷射阀时,当燃料喷射阀内形成高于开放压力的压力后,通过燃料流的压力来克服弹簧挤压针的力,从而抬起针来开启阀流路,来通过位于喷嘴末端的多个喷嘴孔来向气缸内喷射燃料。如上所述的方法是根据所定的一个开放压力来开放喷嘴孔的一个机制,在燃料喷射压力相对较低的低负荷运转条件下,会因为燃料的喷雾状态不佳而导致发生燃料效率低下的问题。
此外,可转换使用柴油燃料与气体燃料的双重燃料引擎的情况下,在相比于柴油燃料运转的柴油模式下通过以往的机械式燃料泵与燃料喷射阀来将燃料喷射至燃烧室,通过气体燃料运转的气体模式,为了仅使用烧料的燃料量来充当吸入到燃烧室内的压缩空气与气体混合物的点火源的作用,通常会应用额外的电子控制燃料喷射系统(共轨式燃料喷射系统)来进行预(Pilot)喷射。
下面来查看一下,作为以往的双重燃料引擎用燃料喷射阀的代表性形态的MAN公司的方式及Wartsilla公司的方式,MAN公司的方式设置为,通过分别的燃料喷射阀来进行通过用于柴油模式的机械式燃料泵来进行的主(Main)喷射与通过用于气体模式的共轨燃料喷射系统的预(Pilot)喷射,从而向燃料室进行喷射,但是此时,为了设置燃料喷射阀会存在有使气缸头部的结构变的复杂的问题。
此外,Wartsilla公司的方式为了简化燃料喷射阀的设置,将分别的针及喷嘴孔等并列设置于了一个阀体上,从而通过一个燃料喷射阀来进行通过用于柴油模式的机械式燃料泵来进行的主(Main)喷射与通过用于气体模式的共轨燃料喷射系统的预(Pilot)喷射,但是此时,存在着当分别的喷射功能发生问题或发生破损时需要替换燃料喷射阀整体的问题。
发明内容
(要解决的技术问题)
本发明的目的在于提供内燃机构用燃料喷射阀,在通过压缩的高压燃料流及压缩空气来使主针与预针同时开放或仅使预针开放,从而在一个燃料喷射阀内进行主喷射与预喷射的不同喷射。
本发明的又另一目的在于提供内燃机构用燃料喷射阀,通过引擎的启动或控制用压缩空气来控制主针阀的开放,从而无需额外的压缩装置等的设备即可以仅去执行预喷射功能。
(解决问题的手段)
根据本发明的内燃机构用燃料喷射阀,其特征在于,包括:阀体;喷嘴,结合于所述阀体下端;阀板,设置于所述阀体内,并在上侧具备压缩空气舱室;主针轴,位于所述阀板下端;主针,设置于喷嘴来位于所述主针轴的下端,通过供给的压缩燃料流来开放形成于喷嘴的阀流路,从而通过主喷射孔来构成燃料的喷射,并具备有预供给口;主针弹簧,设置成位于所述主针轴与阀板之间;弹簧板,下侧向着所述阀板插入,并在上侧内部具备空气供给孔来向压缩空气舱室内供给空气;预针弹簧,位于所述弹簧板的下端;预针轴,位于所述预针弹簧的下端;预针,设置于主针来位于所述预针轴的下端,并根据通过主针的预供给口供给的燃料流来运行,从而开放形成于主针内的阀流路,通过预喷射孔来构成燃料的喷射。
(发明的效果)
如上所述,本发明的燃料喷射功能区分为,根据主/预针的开放,可以进行同时通过主针孔与预针孔构成喷射的主喷射,及根据预针的开放,进行仅通过预针孔构成喷射的预喷射,因此可以通过一个燃料喷射阀来进行不同模式下的运行。
此外,本发明通过主喷射与预喷射的区分,可以使双重燃料引擎运行为气体模式与柴油模式,并在应用双重燃料引擎时,根据运行模式来通过所需的喷射方式喷射燃料。
此外,本发明区分为主喷射与预喷射,因此在应用双重燃料引擎时,可以将分别的燃料喷射阀一体化为一个燃料喷射阀,因此可以简化结构,从而容易确保设置空间。
此外,本发明在应用通常的柴油引擎时,在低负荷下运转时可以仅运行预喷射,因此在低负荷下也可以进行高压喷射,从而具有改善耗油及减少尾气等有害气体的排放的效果。
此外,本发明在预喷射时,会使用引擎启动用压缩空气或控制用压缩空气来阻断主针的开放,因此无需额外的空气压缩泵,从而可以防止在使用润滑油等的油来阻断针开放时发生的油与燃料流出现混油而发生的污染。
此外,本发明在双重燃料引擎中,无需使用额外的电子控制燃料喷射系统(共轨形态的燃料喷射系统)来进行预喷射,因此具有可以削减成本的效果。
此外,本发明,整体结构简单,从而具有可以削减成本,容易维护,且占用空间小等的效果。
附图说明
图1是表示根据本发明的结构的燃料喷射阀的示意图。
图2是表示根据本发明的结构的燃料喷嘴的详细图。
图3是表示根据本发明的结构的燃料喷嘴的示意图。
图4是表示根据本发明的变形结构的又另一燃料喷嘴的示意图。
(附图标记说明)
具体实施方式
图1是表示根据本发明的结构的燃料喷射阀的示意图,图2是表示根据本发明的结构的燃料喷嘴的详细图,图3是表示根据本发明的结构的燃料喷嘴的示意图,图4是表示根据本发明的变形结构的又另一燃料喷嘴的示意图。
如图所示,根据本发明的内燃机构用燃料喷射阀,包括:阀体10;喷嘴20,结合于所述阀体下端;阀板30,设置于所述阀体10内,并在上侧具备压缩空气舱室31;主针轴40,位于所述阀板30下端;主针50,设置于喷嘴20来位于所述主针轴40的下端,通过供给的压缩燃料流来开放形成于喷嘴20的阀流路,从而通过主喷嘴孔21来构成燃料的喷射,并具备有预供给口51;主针弹簧60,设置成位于所述主针轴40与阀板30之间;弹簧板70,下侧向着所述阀板30插入,并在上侧内部具备空气供给孔71来向压缩空气舱室31内供给空气;预针弹簧80,位于所述弹簧板70的下端;预针轴90,位于所述预针弹簧80的下端;预针100,设置于主针50来位于所述预针轴90的下端,并根据通过主针50的预供给口51供给的燃料流来运行,从而开放形成于主针50内的阀流路,通过预喷射孔22来构成燃料的喷射。
所述阀体10,其下端一体结合有喷嘴20,阀体10中形成有经过喷嘴20来供给燃料流的燃料流供给路110,所述喷嘴20内形成有与燃料流供给路110联通的燃料流袋部23。
所述阀板30,其上侧具备有压缩空气舱室31,并具备有:上部槽32,插入设置有预针弹簧80;下部槽33,插入设置有主针弹簧60。
所述主针轴40,其上侧位于阀板30下部来与主针弹簧60接触,其下侧位于主针50上部来与主针50接触,所述主针50设置于喷嘴20,下侧形成有预供给口51来向预针100供给燃料流。
所述弹簧板70,其下端接触支持着预针弹簧80,并在内部形成有空气供给孔71,向压缩空气舱室31内供给压缩空气。
所述预针轴90,其上侧与设置于上部槽32内的预针弹簧80接触,并插入设置于主针轴40内来贯通设置于下部槽33内的主针弹簧60,从而使其下侧与预针100接触,所述预针100插入设置于主针50内。
此外,所述预针100的开放压力会调节弹簧板70的位置,从而形成可以通过改变预针弹簧80张力来进行调节。
如上所述构成的本发明,通过燃料流供给路来向燃料流袋部供给燃料流时,会因供给的燃料流的压力增加,主针与主针轴会压缩并抬起主针弹簧,通过主针的上升来使阀流路开放,从而通过主喷嘴孔来喷射燃料流。
此外,通过主针的预供给口供给的燃料流达到预针的开放压力时,位于主针内的预针与位于主针轴内的预针轴会压缩并抬起预针弹簧,通过预针的上升来使主针内的阀流路开放,从而通过预喷嘴孔来喷射燃料流。
如上所述的本发明,根据燃料流的供给,同时通过主喷嘴孔及预喷嘴孔来构成喷射燃料流的主喷射。
此外,本发明,在通过弹簧板的空气供给孔来将引擎启动或控制用压缩空气供给到压缩空气舱室内时,根据流路的空气的压力会使阀板向下部方向(下降)推移,通过如上所述的阀板的动作来固定主针及主针轴的位置。
如上所述,在主针及主针轴的位置固定的状态下,通过燃料流供给路向燃料流袋部供给燃料流时,即使供给的燃料流的压力增加,也不会导致主针及主针轴上升,因此供给到燃料流袋部的高压的燃料流会通过主针的预供给口供给向预针方向,并在供给的燃料流达到预针的开放压力时,位于主针及主针内的预针及预针轴会压缩并抬起预针弹簧,通过预针的上升而使主针内的阀流路开放,从而通过预喷嘴口进行燃料流喷射,即,只构成预喷射。
下面,对根据本发明的主喷射(同时通过主喷嘴孔及预喷嘴孔喷射)与预喷射(通过预喷嘴孔喷射)的运行过程进行详细地说明。
主喷射
燃料流在机械式燃料泵中压缩并传达至燃料喷射阀内,随着燃料流的压力增加,由作用于主针及预针作用面的压力所致的力会变得大于主针弹簧与预针弹簧的作用力,从而通过主针及预针的上升来开启阀的流路来通过主喷嘴孔及预喷嘴孔开始燃料的喷射。此时,在预针的开放压力大于主针的开放压力时,会先开启主针来首先通过主喷嘴孔进行燃料喷射,在预针的开放压力小于主针的开放压力时,会先开启预针来首先通过预喷嘴孔进行喷射。燃烧主要是依靠通过上端的主喷嘴孔喷射的燃料来进行,当然也可以通过下端的预喷嘴孔进行燃料喷射。由下端的预喷嘴孔进行的燃料喷射,还可以起到在燃烧过程中防止直径相对较小的预喷嘴孔发生堵塞的现象。
如上所述的主喷射属于双重燃料引擎的“柴油模式”或通常柴油引擎的“高负荷运转”。
预喷射
压缩空气会供给到压缩空气舱室,并且流入到压缩空气舱室的空气的压力会推动阀板。与上述的主喷射相同,由机械式燃料泵压送的燃料流的压力会作用于主针与预针的压力作用面,但是在主针的情况下,会使作用于阀板的压缩空气的压力大于作用于主针的压力作用面的燃料流压力,由此会使主针不开放。因此,不会通过上端的主喷嘴孔进行燃料喷射。与此相反,预针会根据燃料压力来构成正常的阀流路开放,从而通过下端的预喷嘴孔喷射燃料。预喷嘴孔通常设计为相比于主喷嘴孔具有较小流动面积,特别是,双重燃料引擎的气体模式下,作为点火用来作用时,会将喷嘴孔设计为具有相当小的流动面积,从而仅喷射少量的燃料来起到对于吸入到燃烧室内的压缩的空气与气体混合物的点火源的作用。供给到压缩空气舱室的压缩空气,会使用于引擎的启动或控制用压缩空气。
若想重新回到主喷射时,只需阻断流入到压缩空气舱室的压缩空气后进行排放,即可使主针弹簧向上部方向推动阀板来使其回复到原来的位置。
如上所述,本发明构成为,在预喷射时,不会通过主喷嘴孔喷射燃料,如上所述的本发明,其燃料喷嘴的设计形状可以应用多种变形。下面,参照附图对其进行详细地说明。
图2是图示了根据本发明的燃料喷嘴的结构的详细图,本发明,主针的下端52通过凸出形成,来保持形成有主喷嘴孔21与预喷嘴孔22的油腔容积(Sac Volume)之间的密封,并在所述凸出形成的主针的下端52内形成流路53,并在喷嘴20内形成与喷嘴孔22及流路53联通的油腔容积24(Sac Volume),来位于主针50的下部。
具有如上所述结构的本发明,具备有直接通过主针50堵住主喷嘴孔21入口的形态,因此相比于在主针上升时开放主喷嘴孔21,来使经过阀流路的燃料通过主喷嘴孔21直接进行喷射,预喷嘴孔22会具备有使经过阀流路的燃料在经过流路53与油腔容积24(Sac Volume)之后,通过预喷嘴孔22进行喷射的形态。
图3是图示了本发明的变形的结构的燃料喷嘴的示意图,具有在所述图2的形态下减少油腔容积的形态。即,本发明,主针的下端52a具备与形成有主喷嘴孔21的阀垫部的形状相同的圆锥形状,但仅仅会堵住主喷嘴孔21,所述主针的下端52a内形成有流路53a,并在喷嘴20内形成与喷嘴孔22及流路53a联通的油腔容积24a(Sac Volume),来位于主针50的下部。
具有如上所述结构的本发明,在图2的情况下,因为设置主针的最大提起高度,从而在主喷射时,预针不运作的情况下不会通过预喷嘴孔进行喷射,但是在图3的情况下,在主针上升运作时,圆锥形状的主针下端会上升,来开放主喷嘴孔的同时,使阀流路与预喷嘴孔联通,由此具备有使燃料同时通过主喷嘴孔与预喷嘴孔进行喷射的形态。
图4图示了具有奔本发明的变形结构的燃料喷嘴的又另一示意图,本发明,主针的下端52b通过凸出形成,来保持由主喷嘴孔21与预喷嘴孔22形成的分别的油腔容积(Sac Volume)之间的密封,在主针下端52b与喷嘴20的阀垫下部之间形成油腔容积24b(Sac Volume),并使主喷嘴孔21形成为联通地位于所述油腔容积24b,并在所述主针下端52b内形成流路53b,并在喷嘴20内形成与预喷嘴孔22及流路53b联通的又另一油腔容积24c(Sac Volume),来位于所述主针50的下部。
具有如上所述构成的本发明,主喷嘴孔与预喷嘴孔都会具备有,在经过阀流路的燃料在经过一定空间的油腔容积(Sac Volume)之后,通过主喷嘴孔及预喷嘴孔进行喷射的形态。
本发明并不限定于如上所述的特定的优选实施例,本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员可以在不脱离本发明要旨的情况下进行多种变形实施,因此如上所述的变更也应当包括于本发明的技术范围内。
Claims (6)
1.一种内燃机构用燃料喷射阀,包括:
阀体、喷嘴、主针、主针弹簧、预针弹簧和预针;
所述喷嘴结合于所述阀体下端;
其特征在于,还包括:
阀板,设置于所述阀体内,并在上侧具备压缩空气舱室;
主针轴,位于所述阀板下端;
弹簧板,下侧向着所述阀板插入,并在上侧内部具备空气供给孔来向压缩空气舱室内供给空气;
预针轴,位于所述预针弹簧的下端;
其中,所述主针设置于喷嘴来位于所述主针轴的下端,通过供给的压缩燃料流来开放形成于喷嘴的阀流路,从而通过主喷射孔来构成燃料的喷射,并具备有预供给口;
所述主针弹簧设置成位于所述主针轴与阀板之间;
所述预针弹簧位于所述弹簧板的下端;
所述预针轴位于所述预针弹簧的下端;
所述预针设置于主针来位于所述预针轴的下端,并根据通过主针的预供给口供给的燃料流来运行,从而开放形成于主针内的阀流路,通过预喷射孔来构成燃料的喷射。
2.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机构用燃料喷射阀,其特征在于,
所述阀板,其上侧具备压缩空气舱室,并具备有插入设置有预针弹簧的上部槽与插入设置有主针弹簧的下部槽,所述上部槽与下部槽为分离形成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机构用燃料喷射阀,其特征在于,
所述预针的开放压力会调节弹簧板的位置,从而形成可通过变更预针弹簧的张力来进行调节。
4.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机构用燃料喷射阀,其特征在于,
所述主针,通过凸出形成主针的下端(52),使主喷嘴孔(21)与预喷嘴孔(22)之间保持密封,并在凸出形成的主针的下端(52)内形成流路,并在喷嘴(20)内形成与预喷嘴孔(22)及流路(53)联通的油腔容积(24)来位于主针的下部。
5.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机构用燃料喷射阀,其特征在于,
所述主针的下端具备有与形成有主喷嘴孔的阀垫部的形状相同的圆锥形状,但仅仅会堵住主喷嘴孔,所述主针的下端内形成有流路,并在喷嘴内形成与预喷嘴孔及流路联通的油腔容积,来位于主针的下部。
6.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机构用燃料喷射阀,其特征在于,
所述主针的下端通过凸出形成,来保持由主喷嘴孔形成的油腔容积(24b)与由预喷嘴孔形成的油腔容积(24c)之间的密封,所述由主喷嘴孔形成的油腔容积(24b)形成在主针下端与喷嘴的阀垫下部之间,并使主喷嘴孔(21)形成为联通地位于所述由主喷嘴孔形成的油腔容积(24b)下端,在所述主针下端(52b)内形成流路(53b),并且所述由预喷嘴孔形成的油腔容积(24c)在喷嘴内形成与预喷嘴孔(22)及流路(53b)联通,来位于所述主针(50)的下部。
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