CN103179963A - 用于动物健康的脱落酸的组合物 - Google Patents
用于动物健康的脱落酸的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103179963A CN103179963A CN2011800449373A CN201180044937A CN103179963A CN 103179963 A CN103179963 A CN 103179963A CN 2011800449373 A CN2011800449373 A CN 2011800449373A CN 201180044937 A CN201180044937 A CN 201180044937A CN 103179963 A CN103179963 A CN 103179963A
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- abscisic acid
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Abstract
本发明涉及包含脱落酸和/或其盐、衍生物和类似物的组合物以及使用所述组合物改善动物的健康和幼仔死亡率的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明通常涉及包含脱落酸和/或其盐、衍生物和类似物的组合物,以及它们制备方法和在动物中的施用方法以及营养品用途。
背景技术
脱落酸是天然存在的植物激素并且是一种安全无毒的物质。脱落酸及其类似物的化学性质和生理功能由Milborrow,Ann.Rev.Plant Physiol.1974,25,259-307描述。脱落酸的天然存在的对映体形式是(S)-(+)-脱落酸。天然存在的脱落酸的主体部分侧链的立体化学是2-顺式-,4-反式-,其是由所有绿色植物和一些微生物生物合成生产的异构体。
然而,如美国申请12/011,846、12/011,825、61/083,202、61/083,203以及PCT/US08/01203中所描述的,脱落酸和/或其衍生物和类似物的某些盐,已经显示它们的组合物中脱落酸的高浓度并且并入本文。
包含脱落酸的商业制剂在农业和园艺中被用于农作物和植物上或周围以改善应激耐受力、减缓生长速度并且调节花期。脱落酸已经被报道具有昆虫抑制性质。参见美国专利第4,434,180和4,209,530号。其他人已经报道脱落酸的可能的药用特性,例如美国专利临时申请第2006/0292215号公开使用脱落酸用于抗癌目的的方法而国际申请第WO 2007/042983号公开了脱落酸的抗炎性活性。这些专利的内容通过引用而并入。
本文中,申请人已经令人惊讶地发现脱落酸和/或其盐、衍生物和类似物在动物中具有营养品特性。
发明内容
本发明通常涉及包含脱落酸和/或其盐、衍生物和类似物(本文总体也称为“ABA”)的组合物以及它们用作营养品的方法,(S)-(+)-脱落酸是脱落酸的一种对映异构体(下文“S-ABA”)。申请人发现ABA的组合物可被用于治疗各种疾病并且也可被用作营养品。
本发明的组合物通常包含ABA。可任选地包含增强ABA生物活性的其他组分。
本发明的另一个实施方案涉及对糖尿病的治疗,包括降低血液中葡萄糖水平的方法和减少血液中甘油三酸脂的方法,所述方法包括向动物施用治疗上有效的量的ABA。
在还有一个实施方案中,本发明涉及繁殖以及更具体地涉及增加出生后存活率和体重的方法,所述方法包括向有需要的动物或有需要的动物的哺乳母体施用治疗上有效的量的ABA。
本发明的另一个实施方案涉及增加免疫功能的方法,所述方法包括向有需要的动物施用治疗上有效的量的ABA。这一免疫功能可能至少一部分经由脾的尺寸上可观察到的减少来指示,因为许多病况-从感染到肝病以及某些癌症-可导致膨大的脾。
最后,在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及增强警觉以及治疗注意力缺陷障碍,其包括向动物施用治疗上有效的量的ABA。
除非权利要求以另外的形式明确表示之外,所公开的实施方案是本文公开的发明概念的简单示例性实施方案而不应该被认为是限制性的。
具体实施方式
本发明通常涉及包含ABA的组合物以及它们的用作营养品的方法,其中S-ABA是ABA一种对映异构体。申请人发现ABA的组合物可被用于治疗多种疾病以及被用作营养品、用于婴儿配方或用作食物成分。
优选的ABA类似物和衍生物由结构1、2和3定义,其中对于结构1:
侧链2位点的键是顺式或反式双键,
侧链4位点的键是顺式或反式双键,是顺式或反式双键或三键,
醇式羟基基团的立体化学是S-、R-或R,S-混合物,
R1基团的立体化学是与醇式羟基基团的顺式关系,
R1=乙炔基、乙烯基、环丙基或三氟代甲基,并且
R2=氢或低级烷基
其中,低级烷基被定义为包含1至4个碳原子的直链或支链烷基基团,当具有3个或更多个碳原子时其可包含零或一个环或双键。
对于结构2:
侧链2位点的键是顺式或反式双键,
侧链4位点的键是三键,
醇式羟基的立体化学是S-、R-或R,S-混合物。
R1=氢或低级烷基
其中,低级烷基被定义为包含1至4个碳原子的直链或支链烷基基团,当具有3个或更多个碳原子时其可包含零或一个环或双键。
对于结构3:
侧链2位点的键是顺式或反式双键,
侧链4位点的键是反式双键,
醇式羟基的立体化学是S-、R-或R,S-混合物。
R1=氢或低级烷基
其中,低级烷基被定义为包含1至4个碳原子的直链或支链烷基基团,当具有3个或更多个碳原子时其可包含零或一个环或双键。
上文类似物的盐包括钠盐和锂盐可用于本发明。
S-ABA是本文的组合物和用途的优选的化合物并且具有下列结构:
本发明的组合物和方法涵盖所期望的脱落酸的所有异构形式、它们的外消旋混合物、烯醇式形式、溶解的和未溶解的形式、类似物、前药、衍生物(包括但不限于酯和醚)以及可以接受的盐。可使用的适合的盐的实例包括无机盐例如铵、锂、钠、钾、镁和钾盐,以及有机盐例如三乙醇胺、二乙醇胺和乙醇胺盐。在一个实施方案中,有机胺盐是三乙醇胺盐。在另一个实施方案中,有机胺盐是二甲基乙醇胺盐。在还有另一个实施方案中,有机胺盐是乙醇胺盐。盐的这些实例不限制可能也可适用于本发明中的用途的其他的盐。一种目前优选的盐是铵盐。其他优选的盐是钠盐和钾盐。盐可通过将酸形式与足够量的所期望的碱接触以常规方式产生盐来制备。游离酸形式可通过用适合的稀释的含水酸溶液例如稀释的含水硫酸、盐酸或磷酸处理盐来再生。游离酸形式与它们各自的盐形式在某些物理性质上稍微不同,例如它们在极性溶剂中的溶解度,但是对于本发明的目的,盐相当于它们各自的游离酸形式。(参见例如S.M.Berge,等人,“Pharmaceutical Salts,”J.Pharm.Sci.,66:1-19(1977),其通过应用并入本文)。
定义
术语“预防(preventing)”和“预防(preventing)”是指减少这一术语所应用于的疾病、病症或病况或这些疾病、病症或病况的一个或多个症状的可能性的预防性用途。不必达到100%的预防可能性;达到减少获得这些疾病、病症或病况的风险的至少部分效果就足够了。
术语“动物”是指任何动物或动物的幼仔,其正在接受治疗、需要治疗、采取或接受预防目的的治疗和/或正在被施用所述组合物。术语“幼仔”是指动物的子代或子体,并且包括已出生的子代、胎儿和胚胎。“动物”应当包括但不限于家禽,包括鸡(包括肉鸡和蛋鸡以及雄性和雌性育种原种)、鹅、鸭、火鸡、雉、cornish母鸡、猪、牛(包括牛肉和牛奶产品)、绵羊和山羊。此外,“动物”应当同样包括鲶鱼、鲤鱼、罗非鱼、鳟鱼、鳌虾、河虾、龙虾、蟹、水生哺乳动物、鲑鱼和鳕鱼。
术语“组合物”包括包含ABA(并且如果表明的话,以特定的量)的产品,包括具有外源或上调的ABA的产品,以及直接或间接从ABA与特定量的特定组分组合获得的任何产品。
术语“施用(administering)”或“施用(administration)”包括将本发明的ABA以及其他治疗剂引入体内,优选地引入体循环的任何方式。实例包括但不限于口服、经口腔、经舌下、经肺、经眼、经皮肤、经粘膜、经鼻,以及皮下、腹膜内、静脉内、肌内注射、经胎盘转运和哺乳。
术语“治疗上有效的量”是指当施用于动物以治疗疾病、病况或达到所期望的结果时,足以实现对疾病的这些治疗或所期望的结果的量。“治疗上有效的量”将取决于化合物、所治疗的疾病状态或所期望的健康益处、严重度或所治疗的疾病、所期望的结果、动物的年龄和相对健康、施用的途经和形式、主治医师的判断或对动物的人为照顾或护理以及其他因素而变化。“有效的”ABA的量将因组合物与组合物而不同,取决于具体用途,具体的ABA、其盐、衍生物和类似物以及类似因素。因此,并不总是能够说明精确的“有效的量”。然而,任何单独实例中适当的“有效的量”可由本领域中一名普通技术人员使用常规实验来确定。
术语“治疗(treating)”和“治疗(treatment)”具有向患有或疑似患有疾病或病况的动物或动物的母体施用药物治疗剂的普遍理解的含义,并且是指逆转、缓解、抑制或减缓这些术语应用于的疾病、病症或病况的进程或这些疾病、病症或病况的一个或多个症状,或者预防或减少疾病、病况、病症或后果发生的机会,或者增加特定的生理响应或健康益处的作用。
如本文所用的,术语“减少”、“遏制”和“抑制”具有减轻或降低的一般理解的含义。如本文所用的,术语“进行”意指范围或严重度上的增加、前进、生长或恶化。如本文所用的,术语“复发”意指缓和一段时间之后治疗前状态的恢复。
如本文所用的,术语“营养品”通常理解为意指包含ABA的任何物质,其是食物或液体,食物或液体的一部分或者食物或液体的添加物并且其提供医疗或健康益处(包括疾病的预防和治疗)或者其触发独立于或超过不包含外源或上调ABA的物质的生理响应。这些产品可来自下列范围:分离的营养素、膳食补充剂、特定饮食、基因工程设计的食物、草药产品以及加工食品,例如谷物、汤、营养棒、饮料、片剂、胶囊、溶液、乳液、棒、凝胶、混合饮料、奶酪、面包、果汁和其他营养品。
如本文所用的,与量、重量百分比等有关的所有数值被定义为“约”或“大约”每个具体值,即,加上或减去10%。例如,短语“重量计至少5%”应被理解为“重量计至少4.5%至5.5%”。因此,权利要求的范围涵盖所要求的值的10%内的量。
用于施用的组合物
在某些实施方案中,本发明的组合物可包含在适于口服摄取的适合的媒介物中。适合的可接受的载体包括固体填充剂或稀释剂以及无菌水溶液或有机溶液。活性化合物以足以提供所期望的作用的量存在于这些组合物中。
预期用于本发明的实行的组合物可以固体、溶液、乳液、分散液、胶束、脂质体以及类似的形式使用,其中所获的组合物包含与适于经鼻、肠内或胃肠外应用的有机或无机载体或赋形剂的混合的一种或多种活性成分。
活性成分可以例如与通常无毒的、生理学上可接受的载体组合用于片剂、丸剂、胶囊、锭剂(troche)、锭剂(lozenge)、含水或含油悬浮剂、可分散的粉末或颗粒、栓剂、溶液、乳液、悬浮液、硬胶囊或软胶囊、小胶囊或糖浆或酏剂以及适于使用的任何其他形式。可能的载体包括固体、半固体或液体形式的葡萄糖、乳糖、阿拉伯胶、明胶、甘露醇、淀粉糊、三硅酸镁、滑石粉、玉米淀粉、角蛋白、胶体二氧化硅、马铃薯淀粉、尿素、中链甘油三酯、葡聚糖以及适于在制备制剂中使用的其他载体。此外,可使用助剂、稳定剂、增稠剂和染色剂。
在另一个实施方案中,可配制本发明的组合物用于鼻内、静脉内、经皮或经眼施用。配制用于这些施用的组合物在本领域技术范围内。
在不同的实施方案中,本发明的组合物可与食品一起配制用于食用。在另一个实施方案中,本发明的组合物可被配制为用于食物消耗的营养补充剂,例如作为固体或液体,诸如片剂、胶囊、溶液、乳液、棒、凝胶、混合饮料或类似物。在其他的实施方案中,本发明的组合物可与酸奶、麦片、面包、果汁和其他食品配制在一起。在更多的实施方案中,本发明的组合物可与酸奶、麦片、面包、果汁和其他食品(包括但不限于提供健康益处的食品)混合。
在不同的实施方案中,本发明的组合物可配制为用于食用的液体组合物。配制用于食用的液体组合物形式的组合物在本领域技术范围内。
在其他的实施方案中,本发明的组合物可通过哺乳母体施用于幼仔,通过经胎盘的转移从母体施用于幼仔,通过IV或以用于幼仔婴儿配方施用。
有待用本发明的组合物和方法治疗的疾病和病况
本发明提供治疗和/或预防疾病或病况的方法,其包括向有需要的动物施用治疗上有效的量的本发明的组合物。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明涉及繁殖并且更具体地涉及增加出生后存活率和体重的方法,其包括向有需要的动物施用治疗上有效的量的ABA。
本发明的另一个实施方案涉及增加免疫功能的方法,其包括向有需要的动物施用治疗上有效的量的ABA。这可能部分归因于动物中脾尺寸的减少而获得。脾是在过滤并再循环血液中起作用同时储存血小板和白细胞的器官,血小板和白细胞都在免疫系统中起作用。
用于不同方法的治疗上有效的量的ABA的优选的范围是从大约0.1mg/kg/天至大约1000mg/kg/天。治疗上有效的量的ABA的更优选的范围是从大约10mg/kg/天至大约1000mg/kg/天。治疗上有效的量的ABA的特别优选的范围是从大约50mg/kg/天至大约500mg/kg/天。治疗上有效的量的ABA的特别优选的范围是从大约50mg/kg/天至大约200mg/kg/天。
优选的组合物包含S-ABA。
本发明的一个实施方案是可被制备为随时可用的稀释液或可稀释的浓缩物的液体组合物。本发明的实施方案可以是含有重量计0.5%至50%之多的ABA的溶液。可稀释的浓缩物可直接稀释于水中至最终使用浓度或任何中间稀释度而没有有效成分沉淀的风险。根据本发明的一个实施方案的含水制品制备低廉、处理和使用安全并且ABA活性成分在储存和运输条件下稳定。具有本领域中一般技术的人能够确定如何制备最终水溶液浓度以便直接用于动物而无需过多的实验而没有任何机会导致活性成分的沉淀并且无需耗时并且费力的搅拌以将活性成分带入溶液中。
本发明的组合物可被制备为单独的单位剂量或多个单独的单位剂量。如本文所用的,“单位剂量”意指包含预定量的活性成分的组合物的个别量。活性成分的量一般等于将被施用于动物的活性成分的剂量或其一部分。
本发明的组合物可以是液体或者是冷冻干燥或以其他形式干燥的制品并且包括稀释物,其具有不同缓冲内含物(例如Tris-HCl、盐酸盐、磷酸盐)、pH和离子强度、添加剂(例如避免表面吸收的白蛋白或凝胶)、去污剂(例如吐温20TM,吐温80TM,Pluronic F68TM,胆汁酸盐)、增溶剂(例如甘油、聚甘油),抗氧化剂(例如抗坏血酸、亚硫酸钠)、防腐剂(例如硫柳汞TM、苄醇、对羟基苯甲酸酯),膨胀物质或等渗调节剂(例如乳糖、甘露糖醇)、聚合物如聚乙二醇与蛋白质的共价连接、与金属离子络合、或者将材料掺在多聚化合物例如聚乳酸,聚羟基乙酸,水凝胶等的微粒制剂之中或之上或掺在脂质体、微乳液,微粒、单层或多层脂囊,血影或原生质之上。这些组合物将影响物理状态、溶解度、稳定度、体内释放速度和体内清除速度。控制或持续释放组合物包括在亲脂性贮存剂(例如脂肪酸、蜡、油)中的制品。
而且,如本文所用的,可接受的载体是本领域那些技术人员熟知的,并且包括但不限于0.01-0.1M并且优选地0.05M磷酸盐缓冲液或0.9%的盐水。此外,这些可接受的载体可以是含水或不含水的溶液、悬浮液和乳液。不含水的溶剂的实例是丙二醇、乙二醇、植物油例如橄榄油和可注射的有机酯例如油酸乙酯。含水载体包括水,含醇/含水溶液、乳液或悬浮液,包括盐水和缓冲介质。
胃肠外媒介物包括氯化钠溶液、林格氏葡萄糖、葡萄糖和氯化钠、乳酸格林和不挥发性油。静脉内媒介物包括液体和营养补充剂、电解质补充剂例如基于林格氏葡萄糖的那些以及类似物。可存在防腐剂和其他添加剂,例如抗菌剂、抗氧化剂、整理剂、惰性气体以及类似物。
根据本发明的控制或持续释放组合物包括在亲脂性贮存剂(例如脂肪酸、蜡、油)中的制品。本发明同样包括用聚合物(例如泊洛沙姆或poloxamin)包被的微粒组合物以及与抗组织特异性受体的抗体、配体或抗原偶联或者与组织特异性受体的配体偶联的化合物。根据本发明的组合物的其他实施方案包括用于不同施用途径(包括胃肠外、经肺、经鼻和口服)的微粒形式、保护性包被、蛋白酶抑制剂或渗透增强剂。
通过水溶性聚合物例如聚乙二醇、聚乙二醇和聚丙二醇的共聚物、羧甲基纤维素、葡聚糖、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或聚脯氨酸的共价连接修饰的化合物已知在注射后表现出静脉血液中比相应的未修饰的化合物大大延长的半衰期。这些修饰同样可增加化合物在含水溶液中的溶解度、消除聚集、增强化合物的物理和化学稳定性并且大大减少化合物的免疫原性和反应性。作为结果,所期望的体内生物学活性可通过与使用未修饰的化合物相比以较少频率或较低剂量的施用这样的聚合物-化合物外展来获得。
制剂可单独包含ABA或可进一步包含药学上可接受的载体并且可以是固体或液体形式例如片剂、粉末、胶囊、丸剂、溶液、悬浮液,酏剂、乳液、喷雾剂、凝胶、膏剂或栓剂,包括直肠和尿道用栓剂。药学上可接受的载体包括胶质、淀粉、糖、纤维质材料以及它们的混合物。包含ABA的制剂可通过例如皮下植入丸剂施用于动物。制剂也可通过液体制剂的鼻内,静脉,动脉,或肌肉注射来施用。施用同样可以通过使用直肠栓剂或尿道栓剂来实现。
本发明可施用的制剂可通过已知的溶解、混合、粒化或片剂成型工艺来制备。对于口服施用,ABA和类似物与常用于这一目的的添加剂例如媒介物、稳定剂或惰性稀释剂混合并且通过常用方法转化为适于施用的形式例如片剂、包被的片剂、硬凝胶胶囊或软凝胶胶囊、水溶液、醇溶液或油溶液。适合的惰性媒介物的实例是常用的片剂基底例如与粘合剂诸如阿拉伯胶、玉蜀黍淀粉、凝胶组合的乳糖、蔗糖或玉蜀黍淀粉,以及崩解剂例如玉蜀黍淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、海藻酸或者润滑剂例如硬脂酸或硬脂酸镁。
适合的油性媒介物或溶剂的实例是蔬菜或动物油例如葵花籽油或鱼肝油。制剂可以是干的或湿的颗粒。对于胃肠外施用(皮下、静脉内、动脉内或肌肉内注射),如果需要与常用于并适用于这一目的的物质例如增溶剂或其他助剂一起,ABA和类似物被转化为溶液、悬浮液或乳液。实例是无菌液体例如水和油,加入或不加入表面活性剂以及其他药学上可接受的佐剂。说明性的油是石油、动物、蔬菜或合成来源的那些例如花生油,大豆油,或矿物油。通常,水,盐水,葡萄糖水溶液和相关的糖溶液以及二醇例如丙二醇或聚乙二醇是优选的液体载体,特别是对于可注射的溶液来说。
含有活性成分的药物组合物的制备是本领域中熟知的。这些组合物可被制备为可注射的液体溶液或悬浮液;然而,也可制备适于在注射前溶解于或悬浮于液体中的固体形式。同样可以将制剂乳化。活性治疗成分通常与药学上可接受的并且与活性成分相容的赋形剂混合。适合的赋形剂是例如水、盐水、葡萄糖、丙三醇、乙醇或类似物或其任意组合。
[52]此外,组合物可包含少量增强活性成分效用的辅助物质例如增湿剂或乳化剂、pH缓冲剂。
动物饲料
[53]本发明的组合物优选地采用动物饲料的形式并且包括蛋白、脂肪、纤维、钙和磷。优选的饲料将包括玉米和/或小麦、大豆粉、脂肪、动物副产品、肉和骨粉以及维生素和矿物质。
[54]ABA可初始混合至预混合物中。术语“预混合物”预期意指制备为含有活性成分以及例如载体的初始混合物并且之后调和成为最终饲料的饲料混合物。在本发明中,通常建议为了计算和使用方便,将预混合物与大约一公吨(MT)的常规饲料混合,结果是向动物提供ABA的必需剂量需要。当制备一公吨(MT)的最终饲料时,本发明的预混合物优选包含大约1至2000并且更优选地大约5至500克的ABA。在预混合物中使用的载体是本领域技术人员熟知的并且可容易地确定适当的浓度。
[55]ABA可作为干粉或液体溶液或悬浮液加至载体。当作为液体加入时,ABA可以通过在室温搅拌溶解或悬浮于液体中。这些液体可以是水或适合的溶剂或已经是液体形式的用于动物饲料的另一种产品。因为ABA的液体溶解度表征,其可形成悬浮液。预定的量的ABA之后被加至常规的预混合物并且不会将其过度浸润。一旦制备了预混合物,之后将预混合物加至最终的饲料,优选地以四分之一磅(Ib.)至五磅(Ib.)的预混合物比一公吨(MT)饲料范围的比例,来为家禽提供每日所需的ABA。
[56]ABA固体或溶液或液体悬浮液可直接加至预混合物材料并且之后混合。混合可通过任何已知的方式例如通过标准的水平或垂直搅拌器来完成。混合时间也可取决于预混合物的具体成分而变化并且可花费确保成分被充分混合所必须的时间。
[57]预混合物之后被掺入饲料中喂食给家禽。在更加优选的实施方案中,ABA与载体调和形成预混合物并且预混合物被直接调和至最终饲料中。尽管没有使用较高量将在所处理的家禽中导致任何毒性问题的证据,但其将影响成本考虑。因为预混合物通常被加至吨级饲料中(如通常在工厂中),相应的加至预混合物的一克ABA产生饲料中约1ppm的ABA浓度。因此,将5克ABA加至一磅预混合物,其之后被加至一公吨(MT)饲料,产生约5ppm的有效ABA浓度。
尽管ABA可以在掺入最后的饲料之前与预混合物材料混合,但适合的量的ABA可直接调和至饲料中或喷洒在饲料上。无论直接还是经由预混合物加入,最后饲料中优选的ABA的添加范围为,大约每公吨(MT)饲料1至2000克,更优选地每公吨(MT)饲料5至500克。
饲料常规在大的料箱或混合器中制备,其中饲料成分根据它们在最后的饲料混合物中的含量以下行重量顺序加入。因此,破碎或磨碎的谷物将是基本成分。之后加入少量成分。微量成分最后加入。这些包括维生素、药物、生长促进剂、抗生素和在本文实例中的ABA。因此,ABA可以是微量成分中的一种并且在最后的调和步骤加至饲料。将饲料调和常规时间段。
包含ABA的饲料以标准形式例如糊剂、碎屑或丸剂并以标准喂食剂量和速度喂食给家畜和鱼。
本发明的另一个实施方案是可制备为随时可用的稀释液或可稀释的浓缩物的液体组合物。本发明的实施方案可以是含有重量计0.5%至50%之多的ABA的溶液。可稀释的浓缩物可以被直接稀释至水中至最终使用浓度或至任何中间的稀释度,而没有活性成分沉淀的风险。根据本发明的一个实施方案的含水制品制备低廉、处理和使用安全并且ABA活性成分在储存和运输条件下稳定。具有本领域中一般技术的人能够确定如何制备最终水溶液浓度以便直接用于动物而无需过度的实验,没有任何机会导致活性成分的沉淀并且无需耗时并且费力的搅拌以将活性成分带入溶液中。
本发明的另一个实施方案是ABA水溶液,其作为动物的饮用水源起作用。这样补充的水溶液可通过将干粉ABA溶解在饮用水中或通过使用ABA的液体溶液或悬浮液浓缩物来制备。饮用水中ABA优选的添加范围为大约1至2000份每百万(ppm)或大约1至2000毫克ABA每升水;更优选地大约5至500份每百万(ppm)或大约5至500毫克ABA每升水。具有本领域中一般技术的人能够确定如何制备最终水溶液浓度以便直接用于动物而无需过度的实验,没有任何机会导致活性成分的沉淀并且无需耗时并且费力的搅拌将活性成分带入溶液中。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,ABA一旦制备可直接应用于动物饲料。例如,如同可以是与一些酶一起的实行,ABA可直接用于最终饲料。在优选的实施方案中,在将饲料递送给动物之前,将ABA的水溶液以其最终形式例如丸剂喷洒至最终的饲料上。
本发明的有益特性可通过参考下列说明本发明的实施例来观察。这些实施例为了说明目的而提供但不预期限制本发明的范围。
实施例
根据EPA Subchronic Toxicity Test Guidelines(EPA亚慢性毒性测试指南):870.3050-Repeated Dose 28-day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents(啮齿类中重复剂量28天口服毒性研究)(2000年7月);870.3100-90-day Oral Toxicity in Rodents(啮齿类中90天口服毒性研究)(1998年8月);870.3650-Combined RepeatedDose Toxicity Study with theReproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test(使用繁殖/发育毒性筛选测试的组合重复剂量毒性研究)(2000年7月);和870.3200-21/28-day Dermal Toxicity(21/28天皮肤毒性)(1998年8月),以及Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)Guidelines forthe Testing of Chemicals(经济合作与发展组织用于测试化学品的指南),包括:第407号测试:Repeated Dose 28-day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents(啮齿类中重复剂量28天口服毒性研究);第408号测试:Repeated Dose 90-day Oral ToxicityStudy in Rodents(啮齿类中重复剂量90天口服毒性研究);第416号测试:Two-Generation Reproduction Toxicity(两代繁殖毒性)和第410号测试:RepeatedDose Dermal Toxicity(重复剂量皮肤毒性):21/28-day Study(21/28天研究)提供的标准指南和程序用S)-(+)-脱落酸进行检测。
来自这些研究的数据的实例示于下文。
两代繁殖毒性研究
进行这一研究以确定在2代研究中测试物质对繁殖的可能的副作用。这包括确定测试物质对雄性和磁性繁殖过程(包括性腺功能、发情周期、交配行为、受孕、妊娠、分娩、哺乳、断乳)以及对幼仔的生长和发育的影响。每代中生产最小量1窝。
给三组雄性和磁性提供ABA,交配前在饮食中持续至少70个连续天。用于F0和F1代的目标测试物质浓度为10,000、15,000和20,000ppm。整个研究中给同时30只大鼠/性别的对照组持续提供基础饮食。测试饮食施用初始时F0动物大约7周大。将测试饮食施用于断奶后选择成为F1代的幼仔。整个交配中F0和F1雄性继续接受测试物质并且持续至安乐死之前的一整天。整个交配、妊娠、哺乳以及安乐死当天F0和F1雌性继续接受测试物质。对于两代(F1和F2),选择每窝8只仔(可能的话,每种性别4只)来减少窝中的变异性。选择来自F0动物的配对的幼仔(如果可以,30/性别/窝)继续F1代。F0雄性和雌性暴露127-130连续天而F1雄性和雌性暴露178-186连续天。
每天两次观察所有动物的表现和行为。以适当的间隔记录整个实验中雄性以及交配之前和分娩和哺乳期间雌性的临床观察、体重和食物消耗。允许所有F0和F1雌性分娩并且喂养它们的子代直到在哺乳21天时断奶。以适当的间隔记录F1和F2子代的临床观察、体重和食物消耗。将未选择的F1仔和所有存活的F2仔进行尸检。将来自被尸检的F1和F2子代的1只子代/性别/窝的所选择的器官称重。每只存活的F0和F1母体动物在分别完成F1和F2幼仔的断奶之后接受完整详细的肉眼尸检;将所选择的器官称重。记录所有F0和F1雄性的精子发生终末点,并且记录在对照和高暴露组以及怀疑具有减弱的生育力的所有F0和F1雌性的卵巢原始卵泡数。显微镜检查来自所有F0和F1亲代动物的不同的器官。
繁殖
表1表明响应于S-ABA处理幼仔增加的出生后存活率
表1
作为这一数据的结果,我们看到S-ABA增加了出生后幼仔存活率。例如,第4至7天,10,000ppm剂量在大鼠中产生平均存活率上从98.6%至99.5%的增加。
表2表明响应于S-ABA处理幼仔增加的体重增加。
表2
作为这一数据的结果,我们看到S-ABA增加了幼仔体重增加。例如,到第21天,10,000ppm剂量在雄性大鼠中产生平均幼仔体重从46.8克至47.9克的增加。雌性大鼠的平均幼仔重量上的相应增加为从44.4克至45.5克。
这一结果还表明ABA可能取代常用于动物繁殖中的预防性抗生素。
表3证明响应于S-ABA处理减少的幼仔死亡率水平
表3
作为这一数据的结果,我们看到S-ABA减少了幼仔死亡率。例如,10,000ppm剂量产生从4.57%至1.24%的下降。
表4表明响应于S-ABA处理每窝存活的幼仔
表4
作为这一数据的结果,我们看到S-ABA增加了每窝存活幼仔的数目。例如15,000ppm剂量产生平均幼仔数目从每窝11.8只至13.1只的增加。
下文表2和3中可见到另外的支持数据,显示尸检胎儿数目和卵泡尺寸随加入S-ABA增加。
表5
已列表的尸检中的胎儿数据
表6
卵巢原始卵泡计数
免疫系统健康
如表7和8中所见,大鼠中S-ABA的两代繁殖毒性研究表明雄性和二代子代中的脾重量下降。
表7
表8
器官重量和相对器官重量的概述
如上文表/数据所示,减少的脾大小可直接与上文繁殖表格/数据中所示的改善的健康和改善的死亡率相关联。
Claims (5)
1.一种增加免疫功能的方法,其包括向有需要的动物施用治疗上有效的量的ABA。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,作为施用ABA的结果,所述免疫功能通过减少所述动物的脾的大小而增加。
3.一种增加出生后重量增加的方法,其包括向有需要的动物或有需要的动物的哺乳母体施用治疗上有效的量的ABA。
4.一种增加幼仔出生后存活率的方法,其包括向母体动物或幼仔施用治疗上有效的量的ABA。
5.一种增加每窝幼仔数目的方法,其包括向母体动物施用治疗上有效的量的ABA。
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