CN103174473B - 一种有机兰金循环系统以及操作该系统的方法 - Google Patents

一种有机兰金循环系统以及操作该系统的方法 Download PDF

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CN103174473B
CN103174473B CN201210561305.0A CN201210561305A CN103174473B CN 103174473 B CN103174473 B CN 103174473B CN 201210561305 A CN201210561305 A CN 201210561305A CN 103174473 B CN103174473 B CN 103174473B
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rotor chamber
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CN103174473A (zh
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F.J.科斯维尔
B.P.比德曼
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Nanjing Tianjia Energy Technology Co.,Ltd.
Nanjing Tianjia Environmental Equipment Co.,Ltd.
Nanjing TICA Climate Solutions Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/006—Auxiliaries or details not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
    • F01K27/02—Plants modified to use their waste heat, other than that of exhaust, e.g. engine-friction heat
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
    • H02K9/20—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil wherein the cooling medium vaporises within the machine casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)

Abstract

用于高温有机兰金循环系统的密封式马达冷却。本发明涉及一种有机兰金循环系统，其包括在亚大气压力下的转子室，工作流体被喷洒到转子室中。

Description

一种有机兰金循环系统以及操作该系统的方法
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及有机兰金循环(ORC)系统，并且更具体地，涉及用于有机兰金循环系统的二级冷却系统。
背景技术
有机兰金循环是以有机流体制冷剂代替水/水蒸气作为工作流体的蒸气动力循环。该工作流体在“蒸发器/锅炉”中由废热源或低品质热源来加热。流体以液体作为开始而以蒸气作为结束。高压制冷剂蒸气在涡轮机中膨胀以产生电力。从涡轮机排出的低压蒸气冷凝，然后被送回到泵以重新启动该循环。
用于发电的简单兰金循环遵循如下工艺顺序：1)绝热压力(adiabatic pressure)通过泵上升；2)在预热器、蒸发器和过热器中的等压加热(isobaric heat addition)；3)在涡轮机中绝热膨胀(adiabatic expansion)；以及4)在冷凝器中的等压放热(isobaric heat rejection)，但其它循环改动也是可能的，诸如添加蒸气到液体回流换热器(recuperator)等。
有机兰金循环发电机可以是密封的或非密封的。非密封式发电机不共享工作流体环境，并且通常通过空气或水来冷却。密封式发电机共享并且通过来自于主循环的制冷剂来冷却。
图1示意性地图示了具有标准密封式发电机冷却的常规有机兰金循环系统。液体制冷剂的少量二级流从泵出口排出并且被输送至发电机外壳。在此情况下，流体首先被输送通过定子冷却夹套，而且在从定子损耗吸热的同时部分地沸腾。然后剩余的两相制冷剂被喷洒到从转子损耗和风阻损失吸热的转子室(rotor volume)中。然后在涡轮机排气装置的下游排放经气化的制冷剂。
发明内容
根据本公开的示例性方面的有机兰金循环系统包括由工作流体驱动的涡轮机和由涡轮机驱动的发电机。发电机包括在亚大气压力下的转子室，工作流体被喷洒到所述转子室中。
根据本公开的示例性方面的有机兰金循环系统包括与亚大气压力下的转子室连通的二级冷却流回路，所述二级冷却流回路将工作流体喷洒到所述转子室中。
根据本公开的示例性方面的操作有机兰金循环系统的方法包括将工作流体喷洒到亚大气压力下的转子室中。
附图说明
从公开的非限制性实施方式的以下详细说明中，各种特征对于本领域技术人员将变得显而易见。本详细说明的附图可简要描述如下：
图1为相关技术的有机兰金循环的示意图，其中低侧饱和温度为足够冷以便提供发电机冷却；以及
图2为根据一个公开的非限制性实施方式的有机兰金循环的示意图，其中低侧饱和温度对于直接发电机冷却和二级冷却流回路过于温暖；
图3为具有二级冷却流回路的有机兰金循环的涡轮机发电机的详细视图。
图4为具有双迷宫式密封件的轴密封件的详细截面视图。
具体实施方式
图2示意性地图示了有机兰金循环系统20。有机兰金循环系统20总体上包括电力产生涡轮机22，电力产生涡轮机22由诸如硅氧烷MM、Novec649或其它高沸点的制冷剂等工作流体来驱动。涡轮机22驱动产生电力的发电机24。制冷剂泵26增加来自冷凝器28的工作流体的压力。诸如锅炉等蒸发器30接收来自热源回路(在该示例中为热油)36的相当多的热输入、使工作流体气化，然后蒸气被传送通过至涡轮机22。在离开涡轮机22后，相对较低压力的蒸气传送至冷凝器28，其在冷凝器28处通过与冷却流体系统38的热交换关系而被冷凝。然后通过泵26使经冷凝的工作流体环行至蒸发器30以完成循环。然而，应当认识到的是，可以替代地使用另外的循环和其它流体。
参看图3，发电机24总体上包括壳体40、定子42、转子44以及转子密封件46。转子密封件46使发电机24与涡轮机22分离，涡轮机22总体上包括径向向心涡轮机（radial inflow turbine）48、涡壳50和喷嘴、护罩以及扩散器。即是说，转子密封件46使涡轮机室(turbine volume)T从转子室G分离。径向向心涡轮机48响应于通过涡壳50输送的工作流体在涡轮机室T内围绕轴线A旋转，以便通过转子44驱动发电机22。径向向心涡轮机48使转子44围绕旋转轴线A在定子42内旋转。图3中所示的实例为具有磁性轴承但无齿轮的无油高速直接驱动系统，但其它实施方式将具有相同的密封和冷却要求。
二级冷却流回路51将相对少量的冷却流体输送至发电机22，以提供发电机22的热管理。二级冷却流回路51总体上包括冷热交换器（cold heat exchanger）52以冷凝工作流体，并且通过主排出管线54有效地将工作流体从壳体40中抽出。二级环路冷凝器52也接收冷却流体。主排出管线54从壳体40除去蒸气和液体工作流体，并且在转子室G内生成亚大气压力。
在冷热交换器下方的是用以积聚液体的接收容器53。泵56将来自接收容器53的经冷凝的/经冷却的工作流体泵送至由节流阀57和止回阀59构成的阀系统。改变阀57以设定泵出口处的压力。如果阀57大开，则泵出口压力将仅稍微高于转子腔压力且远低于初级系统压力。止回阀59将保持关闭，并且制冷剂将不会流过管线26I。
当阀57关闭时，泵出口压力升高，直到它在26处超过初级系统压力并且制冷剂流出二级冷却环路51而到达初级环路为止。由于流通过密封件46泄漏到二级冷却环路51中，故该流是不可避免的并且必须被除去，否则环路51最终会充满液体工作流体。因此，使用阀57来控制回路51中的工作流体的量。
液体工作流体从阀57流入定子冷却夹套以吸收来自定子42的由焦耳加热(joule heating)生成的热，而且液体工作流体部分地沸腾。
然后将工作流体通过喷嘴58喷洒到转子室G中。应当认识到的是，可围绕转子44沿周向布置一个或多个喷嘴。由于工作流体接收了来自定子42的热，故此时工作流体是两相的。可在喷嘴处使用较小的压降来分散工作流体。由于工作流体在壳体40内处于饱和环境，故工作流体将处于由其压力确定的温度下。工作流体在转子44与定子42之间经过，并且在朝转子44喷洒时进一步接收由风阻损失和转子内部损耗生成的热。此后，工作流体聚积在壳体40中且进入主排出管线54。
参看图4，在周向凹槽62的各个侧部上使用双迷宫式密封件46A和46B。在一个公开的非限制性实施方式中，密封排放管线58与转子密封件46连通以防止来自径向向心涡轮机46的相对较热的蒸气吹过密封件46与支承转子44的轴承系统60相接触。在公开的非限制性实施方式中，密封件46可包括周向凹槽62或描绘转子室G与涡轮机室T之间的分离的其它通路。凹槽62与密封排放管线58连通，从而提供从转子密封件46到主排出管线54的旁路。
应当理解的是，诸如，“前”、“后”、“上”、“下”、“上方”、“下方”等相对位置的术语都参照了载体的正常操作状态，而不应当被认为是以其它方式进行限制。
应当理解的是，相似的参考标号在若干附图各处都标识对应的或类似的元件。还应当理解的是，尽管在图示出的实施方式中公开了具体的构件布置，但其它布置将由此受益。
尽管示出、描述和要求了具体的步骤次序，但应当理解的是，除非另有指出，则步骤可以以任何顺序执行、单独执行或组合执行，并且仍将受益于本公开。
上述说明是示例性的而不是由内在的限制所限定。本文公开了各种非限制性的实施方式，然而本领域的普通技术人员将认识到按照以上教导的各种改型和变型将落入所附权利要求的范围内。因此，应当理解的是，在所附权利要求的范围内，可以不同于具体描述的那样来实践本公开。出于此原因，应当研究所附权利要求来确定真实的范围和内容。

Claims (15)

1.一种有机兰金循环系统，其包括：
由在初级流回路中流动的工作流体驱动的涡轮机；
由所述涡轮机驱动的发电机，所述发电机包括在亚大气压力下的转子室；以及
与在亚大气压力下的所述转子室连通的二级冷却流回路，所述二级冷却流回路将工作流体喷洒到所述转子室中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述工作流体为硅氧烷MM。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述工作流体为Novec649。
4.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述工作流体在所述发电机的定子上通过。
5.根据权利要求1所述的系统，所述系统还包括转子密封件，所述转子密封件使所述转子室从涡轮机室分离。
6.根据权利要求5所述的系统，所述系统还包括与所述转子密封件连通的排放管线。
7.根据权利要求6所述的系统，所述系统还包括与所述转子室连通的主排出管线。
8.根据权利要求7所述的系统，其中，所述排放管线与所述主排出管线连通。
9.根据权利要求8所述的系统，所述系统还包括与所述主排出管线连通的热交换器。
10.根据权利要求9所述的系统，所述系统还包括在所述热交换器下游的泵。
11.根据权利要求8所述的系统，所述系统还包括与所述主排出管线连通的热交换器、在所述热交换器下游的泵以及阀，所述阀能操作以增加泵出口压力，直到所述泵出口压力超过初级系统压力，使得所述工作流体流出所述二级冷却流回路到达初级流回路。
12.一种操作根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的有机兰金循环系统的方法，其包括：
经由二级冷却流回路将工作流体喷洒到在亚大气压力下的转子室中。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，所述方法还包括：
在所述喷洒之前使所述工作流体在定子上通过。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法，所述方法还包括：
利用转子密封件使所述转子室从涡轮机室分离；以及
从所述转子密封件排放所述工作流体。
15.根据权利要求12所述的方法，所述方法还包括：
关闭阀以增加泵出口压力，直到所述泵出口压力超过初级系统压力，并且所述工作流体流出二级冷却流回路到达初级流回路。
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CA2798733C (en) 2016-03-22
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