CN103134721B - Dynamic triaxial testing machine servo-driven by electric cylinder - Google Patents
Dynamic triaxial testing machine servo-driven by electric cylinder Download PDFInfo
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- CN103134721B CN103134721B CN201310049753.7A CN201310049753A CN103134721B CN 103134721 B CN103134721 B CN 103134721B CN 201310049753 A CN201310049753 A CN 201310049753A CN 103134721 B CN103134721 B CN 103134721B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamic triaxial testing machine servo-driven by an electric cylinder. According to the dynamic triaxial testing machine, a pressure chamber base is upwards connected with a pressure chamber top cover, and a pressure cavity is formed by a side wall cylindrical shell between the pressure chamber top cover and the pressure chamber base. A side direction measuring mechanism is installed on an inner steel column of an inner cavity of the pressure cavity. The pressure chamber base is provided with the servo electric cylinder, a vertical displacement sensor is arranged at the lower end of the servo electric cylinder, the upper end of the servo electric cylinder is connected with a sample base through a lead screw, a rubber membrane is disposed on the sample base, a pore water pressure sensor is mounted in a sample drainage pipe of the sample base, and a confining pressure sensor is installed in an air source passage of the pressure cavity. A sample cap is arranged on the upper end face of the rubber membrane. The sample cap is upwards connected with a vertical force transmission shaft, and an axial pressure sensor is installed on an axial force transmission rod. The dynamic triaxial testing machine resolves the problems that occupied area is large, noise is high, pollution is heavy and accuracy is not high enough in the prior art.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Geotechnical Engineering testing apparatus technical field, relate to a kind of dynamic triaxial tests machine by electric cylinder servo driving.
Background technology
Earth structure and ground thereof, except bearing dead load effect, also can be subject to the effect of dynamic load sometimes, and the oscillatory load caused as seismic earthquake load, vehicle and machine vibration, explode the pinking load etc. caused.Relatively say, dead load and the size of static stress caused in the soil body thereof and action direction do not change with the time of effect, and dynamic load and the size action direction of dynamic stress caused in the soil body thereof then change with the time of effect.What this change had belongs to random wave, as seismic earthquake stress; What have is then similar to sine wave, as the vibration that reciprocator causes; Have then for the impulse type of snap shakes, as the stress that pinking causes in the soil body.
People, when stability and the distortion of assessing earth structure and ground thereof under dynamic loading, need grasp and understand the power engineering character about earth material, such as the dynamic strength property of soil, liquefaction property and dynamic stress emergent property etc.In order to as far as possible correctly understand these character of various earth material, except carrying out except some in-situ test at the scene, also various dynamic test need be carried out in indoor, such as dynamic triaxial tests etc.Dynamic triaxial tests is divided into electromagnetic type, machinery inertial formula, pneumatic type and hydraulic pressure electro-hydraulic servo formula and electric cylinder servo driven type by exciting mode.
Electromagnetic vibration triaxial apparatus applies dynamic stress with electromagnetic exciter, quiet side pressure and dead axle pressure are all apply with hydraulic pressure or air pressure, its representative products DSZ-100 type electromagnetic type dynamic triaxial apparatus that to be Wuhan Inst. of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences develop with New Technique Application Inst., Beijing City and the DSZ-500 type dynamic triaxial apparatus manufactured experimently for 1981.
Machinery inertial formula dynamic triaxial test machine fixes at eccentric wheel type shaking table soil the triaxial chamber that can add confined pressure, axial static pressure made by counterweight, the inertial force that during vibration, this quality produces is added in the top of sample together, and representative products is that Chinese Water Conservancy electricity research institute is in 65 type inertial force formula dynamic triaxial apparatus of development in 1958.
Active vibration triaxial test and principle are the air pressure by valve, constant air pressure being converted to circulation change, and this fluctuation air pressure promotes pneumatic piston and produces vibration force, and representative products is the pneumatic circulating three-axis tester of China Seismological Bureau Engineering Mechanical Institute's development.
The confined pressure of existing electro-hydraulic servo formula dynamic triaxial tests machine adopts water, gas system to apply, and vertical static pressure adopts oil pressure or air pressure to apply, and vertical dynamic pressure adopts oil pressure servo-drive system to apply, all there is floor area large, noise is high, pollutes large, the deficiency that precision is not high enough.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of dynamic triaxial tests machine by electric cylinder servo driving, solve in prior art and there is floor area greatly, noise is high, pollutes large, the problem that precision is not high enough.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is, a kind of dynamic triaxial tests machine by electric cylinder servo driving, and comprise main body and control section, described agent structure is,
Comprise pressure chamber base, pressure chamber base is upwards fixedly connected with pressure chamber's top cover by four support bars, and top cover upper surface, pressure chamber is fixedly connected with main body rack, surrounds pressure chamber between pressure chamber's top cover and pressure chamber base by sidewall cylindrical shell; Two are connected with in addition to interior steel column, every mount pad being internally horizontally installed with a set of side direction measurement mechanism between steel column between pressure chamber's top cover and pressure chamber base of pressure chamber inner chamber;
Pressure chamber base axle center is longitudinally provided with servo electric jar, the lower end of servo electric jar is provided with vertical displacement sensor, vertical displacement sensor is connected with pressure chamber base lower surface by erection column, the upper end of servo electric jar is connected with specimen mount by screw mandrel, specimen mount upper surface is provided with rubber membrane, for placing sample in rubber membrane, also porous disc is provided with between rubber membrane and specimen mount, porous disc and specimen mount are provided with sample water drain jointly, pore water pressure sensor and water discharging valve are installed in sample water drain, pressure chamber is by source of the gas passage and tensimeter UNICOM, confined pressure sensor is installed in source of the gas passage,
The upper surface of rubber membrane is provided with sample cap, is also provided with exhaustion plate between rubber membrane and sample cap, and upper exhaustion plate and sample cap are provided with exhaust passage jointly; Sample cap is upwards connected with vertical force transmission shaft, transmitting axle force bar is provided with axle pressure sensor, and vertical force transmission shaft is upwards connected with main body rack.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1) electric cylinder servo driven type dynamic triaxial tests machine confined pressure of the present invention adopts air pressure to apply, vertical static pressure and vertical dynamic pressure adopt electric cylinder servo-drive system to apply, electric cylinder is by servomotor rotary motion, rectilinear motion is converted to by screw mandrel, the reciprocal dynamic load of different frequency can be applied, have good operating performance, the research for soil dynamics aspect provides a kind of good ways and means.
2) applying electric cylinder servo driving, to have floor area little, and noise is low, precision high, particularly on interior steel column, installs two groups of lateral deformation measuring equipments respectively, when sample can realize measuring the real-time and precise of sample lateral deformation in shear history.The present invention is reasonable in design, uses easy and simple to handle, the high and dependable performance of intelligence degree.
3) device of the present invention can be good at the various experimental studies realizing soil dynamics aspect, comprise the dynamic stress-dynamic strain experiment of soil, the fatigue resistance test, sand liquefaction test, seismic subsidence of loess test etc. of soil, experimental result is reliable and stable, and experimental result is by force comparative.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the one-piece construction schematic diagram of the present invention by the dynamic triaxial tests machine of electric cylinder servo driving;
Fig. 2 is the mounting structure schematic diagram of the side direction measurement mechanism in apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the sample lateral deformation measurement mechanism in apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structure front schematic view of the sample lateral deformation measurement mechanism in apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the structure elevational schematic view of the sample lateral deformation measurement mechanism in apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is servo electric jar structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is servo electric jar structural section schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the connection block diagram of the control section in apparatus of the present invention.
In figure, 1, pressure chamber base; 2, pressure chamber's top cover; 3, sidewall cylindrical shell; 4, sample; 5, sample cap; 6, source of the gas passage; 7, pressure chamber; 8, servo electric jar; 9, screw mandrel; 10, erection column; 11, vertical displacement sensor; 12, interior steel column; 13, mount pad; 14, exhaust passage; 15, sample water drain; 16, specimen mount; 17, porous disc; 18, pore water pressure sensor; 19, confined pressure sensor; 20, vertical force transmission shaft; 21, tension-compression sensor; 22, tensimeter; 23, water discharging valve; 24, main body rack; 25, upper exhaustion plate; 26, rubber membrane; 27, " L " type connecting rod; 28, thixotroping formula sensor; 29, pin; 30, screw; 31, signal wire; 32, cylinder body; 33, servo power supply connector interface; 34, planetary ball collar; 35, signal conditioner; 36, A/D converter; 37, single-chip microcomputer; 38, computing machine; 39, keyboard; 40, displacement transducer.
Embodiment
The present invention is a kind of dynamic triaxial tests machine by electric cylinder servo driving, and its structure comprises main body and control section.Wherein main body comprises again confined pressure loading section, pore water pressure part, is the core to sample load application; Confined pressure loading section applies ambient pressure by source of the gas to sample, and vertical dead-load and vertical dynamic load are loaded sample by the to-and-fro movement of servo electric jar; The pressure transducer that pore water pressure part is communicated with specimen mount drainpipe measures.Control section and main part unify co-ordination, jointly realize the testing goal of apparatus of the present invention.
With reference to Fig. 1, the structure of apparatus of the present invention is, the table top of mobile handcart is installed with pressure chamber base 1, pressure chamber base 1 is upwards fixedly connected with pressure chamber's top cover 2 by four support bars, pressure chamber's top cover 2 upper surface is fixedly connected with main body rack 24, surrounds pressure chamber 7 between pressure chamber's top cover 2 and pressure chamber base 1 by sidewall cylindrical shell 3; Two are connected with in addition to interior steel column 12, every mount pad 13 being internally horizontally installed with a set of side direction measurement mechanism between steel column 12 between pressure chamber's top cover 2 and pressure chamber base 1 of pressure chamber 7 inner chamber;
Pressure chamber base 1 axle center is longitudinally provided with servo electric jar 8, the lower end of servo electric jar 8 is provided with vertical displacement sensor 11, vertical displacement sensor 11 is connected with pressure chamber base 1 lower surface by erection column 10, the upper end of servo electric jar 8 is by the preferred roller screw mandrel of screw mandrel 9() be connected with specimen mount 16, specimen mount 16 upper surface is provided with rubber membrane 26, for placing sample 4 in rubber membrane 26, porous disc 17 is also provided with between rubber membrane 26 and specimen mount 16, porous disc 17 and specimen mount 16 are provided with sample water drain 15 jointly, pore water pressure sensor 18 and water discharging valve 23 are installed in sample water drain 15, pressure chamber 7 is by source of the gas passage 6 and tensimeter 22 UNICOM, confined pressure sensor 19 is installed in source of the gas passage 6,
The upper surface of rubber membrane 26 is provided with sample cap 5, is also provided with exhaustion plate 25 between rubber membrane 26 and sample cap 5, and upper exhaustion plate 25 is provided with exhaust passage 14 jointly with sample cap 5; Sample cap 5 is upwards connected with vertical force transmission shaft 20, transmitting axle force bar 20 is provided with axle pressure sensor 21, and vertical force transmission shaft 20 is upwards connected with main body rack 24.
When apparatus of the present invention are tested, exhaust passage 14 is first closed before beginning, in pressure chamber 7, ambient pressure is applied by source of the gas passage 6, then, the screw mandrel 9 started in servo electric jar 8 axially upwardly moves, power is uniformly applied on sample cap 5 by transmitting axle force bar 20 by axial force, thus by sample cap 5, axle pressure is applied to sample 4 axially uniformly, all presses or bias voltage consolidation sample 4.
With reference to Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, the structure of the side direction measurement mechanism in apparatus of the present invention is, two groups of mount pad 13 levels are arranged on two interior steel columns 12 in pressure chamber 7, have groove often organizing mount pad 13 front, groove mouth is provided with thixotroping formula sensor 28 by easy-to-dismount screw 30, mount pad 13 is connected with " L " type connecting rod 27 by pin 29, " L " type connecting rod 27 with pin 29 for center of rotation, can rotate, one termination of " L " type connecting rod 27 is for contacting sample 4, another termination is corresponding with the contact of thixotroping formula sensor 28 after extending through groove, thixotroping formula sensor 28 is connected with control section by signal wire 31.
Close contact sample 4 and thixotroping formula sensor 28 contact respectively, two of " L " type connecting rod 27 must be made in dress sample process before on-test, just accurately can measure so in test the lateral deformation in sample 4 consolidation and to-and-fro movement.
As Fig. 6, Fig. 7, the structure of the servo electric jar in apparatus of the present invention is, outside the cylinder body 32 being included in servo electric jar 8, power connection 33 is installed, cylinder body 32 inside is provided with servomotor, servo motor output shaft is coaxially socketed with screw mandrel 9 by planetary ball collar 34, servo electric jar 8 is provided with the displacement transducer 40 of oneself, the rotary motion of servomotor converts rectilinear motion to by screw mandrel 9, by servomotor optimum benefits, (namely precise rotation controls simultaneously, accurate revolution controls, accurate torque controls) be transformed into precise speed control, Accurate Position Control, the control of accurate thrust, realize the high precision rectilinear motion of screw mandrel 9.In process of the test, screw mandrel 9 drives specimen mount about 16 moving linearly, in sample 4 consolidation or to-and-fro movement, provide accurate vertical load.
As Fig. 8, the structure of the control section in apparatus of the present invention is, pore water pressure sensor 18, shaft position sensor 11, axle pressure sensor 21, thixotroping formula sensor 28, confined pressure sensor 19 are connected with the input end of signal conditioner 35 simultaneously, the output terminal of signal conditioner 35 is connected with single-chip microcomputer 37 by A/D converter 36, single-chip microcomputer 37 is connected with servo electric jar 8, servo electric jar 8 by displacement transducer 40 and signal conditioner 35 feedback link, thus realizes the automatic control and regulation of closed loop; Single-chip microcomputer 37 is connected with computing machine 38 and keyboard 39 in addition simultaneously, realizes Automated condtrol and manual operation.
The principle of work of apparatus of the present invention is, described cylindrical specimens 4 is between the sample cap 5 and pressure chamber base 1 of pressure chamber's axial centerline; Gas source interface 6 can apply air pressure in pressure chamber 7, namely applies consolidation stresses to sample 4, and confined pressure sensor 19 accurately can measure the size of sample 4 ambient pressure, draws a precision pressure gauge 22 at gas source interface 6 place, can understand the numerical value of confined pressure intuitively; Servo electric jar 8 drives screw mandrel 9 vertically to apply xial feed to sample 4, and adopt closed-loop control can ensure load application on request, xial feed is measured by the axle pressure sensor 21 on vertical force transmission shaft 20; Vertical displacement sensor 11 is fixed on the erection column 10 axially without distortion, and when axial loading, the distortion of sample 4 can realize direct measurement; Interior steel column 12 installs two groups of lateral deformation amount side devices 13 respectively, can realize direct measurement when lateral deformation occurs sample 4; Atmospheric pressure is discharged at the end of experiment in exhaust passage 14; Sample water drain 15 for discharging the interstitial water in sample 4 by the porous disc 17 in specimen mount 16 in consolidation or shear history; When interstitial hydraulic pressure sensor 18 for cutting out water discharging valve 23 in process of the test, to the real-time measurement of interstitial hydraulic pressure.
Sample 4, between upper exhaustion plate 25 and lower drain bar 17, is wrapped up by the rubber membrane 26 of upper/lower terminal opening.
Dynamic triaxial tests machine by electric cylinder servo driving of the present invention, by applying the dynamic principle stress of simulation, the dynamic response of test sample when bearing dynamic loading to sample.Most importantly the variation relation of the relation of dynamic stress and corresponding dynamic strain, dynamic stress and corresponding pore water pressure.According to the relativeness of these three kinds of indexs of stress, strain and pore water pressure, inquire into unearthed every the dynamical elasticity parameter and comprise dynamic modulus of elasticity, dynamic shear modulus, fatigue resistance, viscoelastic parameters damping ratio and the soil sample proterties that produces such as the thixotropy of saturated sand, the shake of collapsible loess under the dynamic stress effect of certain actual vibration of simulation and fall into.Adopt special lateral strain measuring equipment to measure the lateral strain of sample in process of the test, overcome in existing dynamic triaxial tests and can not measure or measure indeterminable technical barrier to the lateral strain of sample; Achieve electric cylinder servo driving, have precision high, noise is low, and the feature such as take up room little; Sample ambient pressure adopts air pressure to apply, and has to instrumental pollution little feature compared with applying with hydraulic pressure in the past.
Claims (2)
1. by a dynamic triaxial tests machine for electric cylinder servo driving, it is characterized in that: comprise main body and control section, described agent structure is,
Comprise pressure chamber base (1), pressure chamber base (1) is upwards fixedly connected with pressure chamber's top cover (2) by four support bars, pressure chamber's top cover (2) upper surface is fixedly connected with main body rack (24), surrounds pressure chamber (7) between pressure chamber's top cover (2) and pressure chamber base (1) by sidewall cylindrical shell (3); Two are connected with in addition to interior steel column (12), every mount pad (13) being internally horizontally installed with a set of side direction measurement mechanism between steel column (12) between pressure chamber's top cover (2) and pressure chamber base (1) of pressure chamber (7) inner chamber;
Pressure chamber base (1) axle center is longitudinally provided with servo electric jar (8), the lower end of servo electric jar (8) is provided with vertical displacement sensor (11), vertical displacement sensor (11) is connected with pressure chamber base (1) lower surface by erection column (10), the upper end of servo electric jar (8) is connected with specimen mount (16) by screw mandrel (9), specimen mount (16) upper surface is provided with rubber membrane (26), for placing sample (4) in rubber membrane (26), porous disc (17) is also provided with between rubber membrane (26) and specimen mount (16), porous disc (17) and specimen mount (16) are provided with sample water drain (15) jointly, pore water pressure sensor (18) and water discharging valve (23) are installed in sample water drain (15), pressure chamber (7) is by source of the gas passage (6) and tensimeter (22) UNICOM, confined pressure sensor (19) is installed in source of the gas passage (6),
The upper surface of rubber membrane (26) is provided with sample cap (5), also be provided with exhaustion plate (25) between rubber membrane (26) and sample cap (5), upper exhaustion plate (25) and sample cap (5) are provided with exhaust passage (14) jointly; Sample cap (5) is upwards connected with vertical force transmission shaft (20), vertical force transmission shaft (20) is provided with axle pressure sensor (21), vertical force transmission shaft (20) is upwards connected with main body rack (24);
The structure of described side direction measurement mechanism is, two groups of mount pad (13) levels are arranged on the interior steel column (12) in pressure chamber (7), have groove often organizing mount pad (13) front, groove mouth is provided with thixotroping formula sensor (28) by screw (30), mount pad (13) is connected with " L " type connecting rod (27) by pin (29), " L " type connecting rod (27) with pin (29) for center of rotation, one termination of " L " type connecting rod (27) is for contacting sample (4), another termination is corresponding with the contact of thixotroping formula sensor (28) after extending through groove, thixotroping formula sensor (28) is connected with control section,
The upper/lower terminal of described rubber membrane (26) is provided with opening;
The syndeton of described servo electric jar (8) is, outside the cylinder body (32) being included in servo electric jar (8), power connection (33) is installed, cylinder body (32) inside is provided with servomotor, servo motor output shaft is coaxially socketed by planetary ball collar (34) and screw mandrel (9), servo electric jar (8) is provided with the displacement transducer (40) of oneself.
2. the dynamic triaxial tests machine by electric cylinder servo driving according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the structure of described control section is, pore water pressure sensor (18), vertical displacement sensor (11), axle pressure sensor (21), thixotroping formula sensor (28), confined pressure sensor (19) is connected with the input end of signal conditioner (35) simultaneously, the output terminal of signal conditioner (35) is connected with single-chip microcomputer (37) by A/D converter (36), single-chip microcomputer (37) is connected with servo electric jar (8), servo electric jar (8) is by displacement transducer (40) and signal conditioner (35) feedback link, single-chip microcomputer (37) is connected with computing machine (38) and keyboard (39) in addition simultaneously.
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| CN201310049753.7A CN103134721B (en) | 2013-02-07 | 2013-02-07 | Dynamic triaxial testing machine servo-driven by electric cylinder |
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| CN201310049753.7A CN103134721B (en) | 2013-02-07 | 2013-02-07 | Dynamic triaxial testing machine servo-driven by electric cylinder |
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| CN103134721B true CN103134721B (en) | 2015-04-22 |
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| CN104062108B (en) * | 2014-06-04 | 2016-06-15 | 浙江工业大学 | Multi-functional Mechanics Performance Testing testing machine |
| CN104596852B (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2017-03-01 | 宁波大学 | A kind of Rock And Soil temperature control Dynamic Characteristics Test method |
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| CN106289989B (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2019-03-26 | 西安理工大学 | A kind of large-scale real triaxial instrument of three-dimensional independent loads |
| CN109060565A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2018-12-21 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of small-sized high frequency and low stress width soil dynamic triaxial apparatus |
| CN109187924B (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2021-06-01 | 长安大学 | Miniature soil sample hydraulic consolidation loading system |
| CN109297834A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-02-01 | 深圳大学 | A kind of carbon fiber prevention and treatment sand static liquefaction experimental method |
| CN112362487B (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2023-08-25 | 湖北科技学院 | Rock-soil compression test method |
| CN113933181A (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2022-01-14 | 中南大学 | Shield foam improved muck triaxial shear test device and method |
| CN116773360A (en) * | 2023-08-24 | 2023-09-19 | 成都东华卓越科技有限公司 | Frameless light triaxial tester |
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| CN101169356A (en) * | 2007-11-15 | 2008-04-30 | 西安理工大学 | Triaxial independent loading pressure chamber structure true triaxial apparatus |
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