CN108487335B - Single-pile vertical cyclic loading test device and method for simulating high-speed rail load - Google Patents
Single-pile vertical cyclic loading test device and method for simulating high-speed rail load Download PDFInfo
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- CN108487335B CN108487335B CN201810349983.8A CN201810349983A CN108487335B CN 108487335 B CN108487335 B CN 108487335B CN 201810349983 A CN201810349983 A CN 201810349983A CN 108487335 B CN108487335 B CN 108487335B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
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Abstract
The invention relates to a single-pile vertical cyclic loading test device and a method for simulating high-speed rail load. The dynamic amplitude, loading frequency, loading waveform and the like of the vibration exciter are controlled by a signal controller. The pile top of the test pile is provided with a displacement sensor, and a resistance strain gauge is arranged along the direction of the pile body. The device can simulate the working condition of the vibration load received by the pile foundation, can adjust the vibration amplitude and the vibration frequency of the dynamic load, and can measure and automatically record the exciting force, the displacement and the stress distribution of the pile body received by the pile top. The device is simple in structure, can realize systematic research on the bearing capacity and deformation characteristics of the single pile under the action of long-term vertical cyclic load, and has important significance on calculation of the bearing capacity and deformation of the pile foundation in pile foundation engineering design.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering and geological engineering geotechnical testing, and particularly relates to a single-pile vertical cyclic loading test device and method for simulating high-speed rail load.
Background
Pile foundations, a commonly used form of foundation, are used in large quantities in engineering construction, and are particularly suitable for engineering projects with strict requirements on settlement control and bearing capacity. With the new construction and development of wind power generation, ocean engineering, novel energy and high-speed railways, the pile foundation increasingly bears the effect of cyclic load. Under the action of cyclic load, the bearing and deformation characteristics of the pile foundation are different from the static load condition. The bearing and deformation characteristics of a single pile under the action of cyclic load are very complicated pile-soil interaction problems, the action mechanism is complicated, and a plurality of influencing factors exist.
At present, scholars at home and abroad use methods such as physical model experiments, theoretical analysis, numerical analysis and the like to research the mechanical properties of the pile under the action of cyclic load. Most tests only measure the load and displacement of the pile top, but lack systematic test research on the cyclic change rules of key physical quantities such as axial force of a pile body, end resistance, pile-soil interface pore pressure, soil pressure and the like, cannot deeply understand the interaction characteristics of the pile and the soil under the action of cyclic load, and cannot reasonably explain the occurrence mechanism of the pile and the soil. And in coastal areas, because of the existence of deep soft soil, the bearing capacity of the pile foundation is mainly provided by the friction resistance of the side of the pile, and the friction resistance of the side of the pile can change under the action of cyclic load, thereby influencing the bearing capacity and deformation of the pile foundation, and generating adverse effect on the engineering property of the pile foundation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a single-pile vertical cyclic loading test device and a method for simulating high-speed rail load, so as to obtain the stress distribution conditions of different positions of a single-pile body under the action of vibration load, analyze the bearing capacity and deformation characteristics of a pile body under the action of different dynamic load amplitudes and frequencies by acquiring data of three positions of a pile top, the pile body and a pile end, and simultaneously evaluate the dynamic bearing capacity of a single pile.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a single-pile vertical cyclic loading test device for simulating high-speed rail load comprises a test box for filling a test soil sample, a test pile arranged in the test box, a reaction frame arranged outside the test box, an upper rigid beam arranged at the upper end of the reaction frame, a fixed rod arranged on the upper rigid beam and an upper loading unit, wherein the upper loading unit comprises a vibration exciter, a power amplifier and a signal generator which are sequentially connected, the vibration exciter is arranged at the lower end of the fixed rod and positioned above the test pile, a tension and compression sensor for recording the magnitude and waveform of the exciting force is arranged at the excitation head at the lower end of the vibration exciter, a displacement sensor for measuring the displacement of a pile top is arranged at the pile head at the upper part of the test pile, a soil pressure sensor for measuring the resistance of the pile end is arranged at the pile end at the lower part of the test pile, a plurality of resistance strain gauges for testing the stress distribution of the pile body are arranged on the pile body from top, and the tension and compression sensor, the displacement sensor, the soil pressure sensor and the resistance strain gauge are all connected with a dynamic data acquisition instrument and are transmitted to a computer for display and processing.
Furthermore, the test box is a square steel frame formed by welding four angle steels and a plurality of flat steels, steel plates welded with the square steel frame are arranged at the periphery and the bottom of the test box, and the inner surface of the test box is smooth.
Furthermore, the bottom end of the test box is provided with a drain valve.
Furthermore, bases are arranged on two sides of the test box, clamping grooves used for fixing the reaction frame are formed in the bases, the reaction frame is fixed on the bases through bolts, and the height of the reaction frame can be adjusted through threaded rods.
Furthermore, the upper rigid beam is arranged on the reaction frame through the clamping openings of the upper rigid beams on two sides and is fixed through the threaded bolt.
Furthermore, the middle part of the upper rigid beam is provided with a plurality of internal thread holes, the fixed rod penetrates through the internal thread holes and is fixed through the threaded bolt, the position of the fixed rod can be moved left and right through different internal thread holes, and the transverse movement of the vibration exciter is realized.
Furthermore, the vibration exciter is an electric vibration exciter.
Further, the signal generator may continuously output a function signal of an arbitrary waveform.
A single-pile vertical cyclic loading test method for simulating high-speed rail load comprises the following steps:
(a) determining a sample soil sample according to a research target, measuring the water content and the density of the test soil sample, filling the test soil sample into a test box to a required height, layering and compacting, and after filling, performing pre-pressing consolidation on the test soil sample;
(b) after the test soil sample is solidified, pile pressing is carried out by adopting a static pressing-in method, the pile pressing speed is 100mm/min, the pile pressing time is 8min, and the displacement of a pile body is monitored by a displacement sensor arranged at the pile top;
(c) after pile pressing is finished, after a rest period is finished, carrying out a cyclic loading test on a test pile, starting a signal generator, setting a vibration waveform, starting a power amplifier, adjusting the amplitude of a signal, starting a dynamic data acquisition instrument and a computer, and recording pile top load and pile body displacement in the vibration process;
(d) increasing the amplitude or changing the frequency, and repeating the previous step until the vibration time or the pile top displacement meets the requirements;
(e) and after the test is finished, the power amplifier, the signal generator and the dynamic data acquisition instrument are sequentially closed, the dynamic bearing capacity limit of the single pile is calculated according to the dynamic load of the pile top and the displacement of the pile top, and the stress distribution along the pile body and the friction distribution condition on the side of the pile are calculated according to the pile end soil pressure sensor and the pile body resistance strain gauge.
Further, the calculation method in one period of the cyclic load input in the step (c) is as follows:
wherein:
p (t) is the high iron load amplitude;
t is time;
l is the distance between the high-speed rail bogie wheel pairs;
v is the high rail travel speed;
and w is the frequency corresponding to the high-speed rail load, w is v/pi D, and D is the diameter of the high-speed rail wheel pair.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics:
1) the device is suitable for single-pile cyclic loading tests of any pile type with small scale, can simulate the working condition that the pile body bears loads with different vibration amplitudes and frequencies, and can comprehensively obtain various parameters such as pile top load, pile top displacement, pile body stress distribution, pile end resistance borne by the pile end and the like in the test process;
2) according to the invention, the monitoring position of the sensor is reasonably set, and the research on the stress distribution along the pile body is realized by adopting the combined arrangement of the resistance strain gauge and the pressure sensor, so that the distribution condition of the pile side friction resistance is calculated. The test device and the test process can ensure the validity of the acquired data and can reflect the stress distribution and the change condition of the single pile under the cyclic loading condition in multiple angles;
3) the test device related by the invention has the advantages that all test parts can be detached and adjusted, the operability is strong, the reliability of the obtained test data is strong, the bearing capacity and the settlement deformation condition of the single pile under the cyclic load can be researched, and the device has important significance for the design of pile foundation engineering.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-pile cyclic loading test device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the upper rigid beam;
in the figure: 1-test box, 2-test soil sample, 3-test pile, 4-resistance strain gauge, 5-displacement sensor, 6-vibration exciter, 7-fixed rod, 8-upper rigid beam, 9-reaction frame, 10-base, 11-power amplifier, 12-signal generator, 13-dynamic data acquisition instrument, 14-computer, 15-drain valve, 16-soil pressure sensor, 17-tension and compression sensor, 18-upper rigid beam bayonet and 19-internal threaded hole.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
As shown in figure 1, the single-pile vertical cyclic loading test device for simulating high-speed rail load comprises a test box 1, a reaction frame 9, an upper rigid beam 8, a fixed rod 7 and an upper loading unit, wherein the test box 1 is formed by welding four angle steels and a plurality of flat steels into a square steel frame and is used for filling a test soil sample 2, and pile pressing is carried out in the test box 1. The bottom end of the test chamber is provided with a drain valve 15, and the drain condition and the drain rate can be controlled by utilizing the drain valve. The two sides of the base 10 are provided with a base 10 for fixing the reaction frame, and the base 10 is provided with a clamping groove for fixing the reaction frame. The reaction frame is fixed on the base through a bolt, and the height of the reaction frame can be adjusted through a threaded rod.
As shown in fig. 2, the upper rigid beam 8 has upper rigid beam bayonets 18 on both sides, and the upper rigid beam bayonets 18 on both sides can be erected on the reaction frame 9, and fixed by a threaded bolt, so that the upper rigid beam can be detached according to actual conditions. The middle part of the upper rigid beam is provided with a plurality of internal thread holes 19, and the fixed rod 7 passes through the internal thread holes 19 and is fixed through a threaded bolt.
The upper loading unit is composed of three parts, namely an exciter 6, a power amplifier 11 and a signal generator 12. The vibration exciter is connected with a fixed rod 7, and is suspended above the test box through the fixed rod. The transverse movement of the vibration exciter can be realized by changing the position of the fixed rod. Different load waveforms, amplitudes and frequencies can be set according to the test requirements. The vibration exciter is a JZQ-20 type electrodynamic vibration exciter and provides an exciting force for the test pile. The power amplifier adopts a KD5702 type power amplifier as a high-power excitation source for vibration test and vibration measurement, can adjust the output current limit protection from 3A to 15A, and can carry out temperature protection on an output transistor and a radiator, and can indicate the failure of the output transistor and the clipping of an output signal. The signal generator can adopt an AFG3000C type function signal generator, and can continuously output function signals with arbitrary waveforms. The frequency and amplitude of the function signal can be continuously adjusted within 10 MHz. The vibration exciter suspended above the test box through the fixing rod is connected with an external power amplifier 11, and the power amplifier is connected with a signal generator 12. The calculation method of the input cyclic high-speed rail load in one period comprises the following steps:
wherein:
p (t) is the high iron load amplitude;
t is time;
l is the distance between the high-speed rail bogie wheel pairs;
v is the high rail travel speed;
and w is the frequency corresponding to the high-speed rail load, w is v/pi D, and D is the diameter of the high-speed rail wheel pair.
The test soil sample 2 is remolded clay, and the soil body can be arranged into a single layer or multiple layers. The pile body of the test pile 3 is made of organic glass.
The measuring equipment comprises a tension and compression sensor 17, a soil pressure sensor 16, a displacement sensor 5 and a resistance strain gauge 4. The tension and compression sensor 17 is used to directly measure the load acting on the pile top. The soil pressure sensor 16 is attached to the bottom of the pile to measure the end resistance of the pile end. The displacement sensor 5 adopts a YWC type strain type displacement sensor, is arranged on the pile top and is used for measuring the displacement of the pile top. The resistance strain gauge 4 is a BE120-2DB-P300 type resistance strain gauge, symmetrically distributed on two sides of the pile body and used for measuring axial force distribution along the pile body, and the resistance strain gauge is covered by epoxy resin for sealing and waterproof treatment. The measuring devices are connected to the dynamic acquisition instrument 13, and after signal processing, the signals are input to the computer 14 for data output and display and further data processing.
The single-pile vertical cyclic loading test for simulating high-speed rail load by adopting the single-pile cyclic loading test device comprises the following steps:
step 1: according to the research target, determining a sample soil sample, measuring the water content and the density of the test pattern, filling the sample soil sample 2 into a test box to a required height, and layering and compacting. After filling, the test soil sample 2 needs to be pre-pressed and consolidated.
Step 2: and after the test soil sample is solidified, pressing the pile by adopting a construction method of static pressing, wherein the pile pressing speed is 100mm/min, and the pile pressing time is 8 min. And a displacement sensor is arranged on the pile top to monitor the displacement of the pile body.
And step 3: and after the pile pressing is finished and the rest period is finished, carrying out a cyclic loading test on the test pile. And starting a signal generator 12, setting a vibration waveform, starting a power amplifier 11, adjusting the amplitude of a signal, starting a dynamic data acquisition instrument 13 and a computer 14, and recording the pile top load and the pile body displacement in the vibration process.
And 4, step 4: and (4) increasing the amplitude or changing the frequency, and repeating the previous step until the vibration time or the pile top displacement meets the requirement.
And 5: and after the test is finished, the power amplifier 11, the signal generator 12 and the dynamic data acquisition instrument 13 are sequentially closed. Calculating the limit of the dynamic bearing capacity of the single pile according to the dynamic load of the pile top and the displacement of the pile top, and calculating the stress distribution along the pile body and the distribution condition of the friction resistance at the side of the pile according to the pile end soil pressure sensor and the pile body resistance strain gauge;
further comprising the step 6: according to the test design, a test soil sample 2 in the test box is taken for carrying out tests on basic physical and mechanical property indexes such as liquid plastic limit, shear strength index and the like. Through comparing the properties of soil around the pile and the properties of soil at the far end, the change of the surrounding test soil sample before and after the single pile vibrates is researched from the vibration influence angle.
Claims (6)
1. A single-pile vertical cyclic loading test device for simulating high-speed rail load comprises a test box (1) for loading a test soil sample (2), a test pile (3) arranged in the test box (1), a reaction frame (9) arranged outside the test box (1), an upper rigid beam (8) arranged at the upper end of the reaction frame (9), a fixed rod (7) arranged on the upper rigid beam (8) and an upper loading unit, wherein the upper loading unit comprises a vibration exciter (6), a power amplifier (11) and a signal generator (12) which are sequentially connected, the vibration exciter (6) is arranged at the lower end of the fixed rod (7) and is positioned above the test pile (3),
the device is characterized in that the vibration exciter (6) is an electrodynamic vibration exciter, a tension and compression sensor (17) for recording the magnitude and waveform of exciting force is arranged at the vibration exciting head at the lower end of the vibration exciter (6), a displacement sensor (5) for measuring the displacement of a pile top is arranged at the pile head at the upper part of the test pile (3), a soil pressure sensor (16) for measuring the resistance of the pile end is arranged at the pile end at the lower part of the test pile (3), a plurality of resistance strain gauges (4) for testing the stress distribution of the pile body are arranged on the pile body of the test pile (3) from top to bottom, and the tension and compression sensor (17), the displacement sensor (5), the soil pressure sensor (16) and the resistance strain gauges (4) are all connected with a dynamic data acquisition instrument (13) and are transmitted to a computer (14) for display and processing;
the test box (1) is a square steel frame formed by welding four angle steels and a plurality of flat steels, steel plates welded with the square steel frame are arranged at the periphery and the bottom of the test box (1), and the inner surface of the test box (1) is smooth;
bases (10) are arranged on two sides of the test box (1), clamping grooves for fixing the reaction frame (9) are formed in the bases (10), the reaction frame (9) is fixed on the bases (10) through bolts, and the height of the reaction frame can be adjusted through threaded rods;
the middle part of the upper rigid beam (8) is provided with a plurality of internal thread holes (19), the fixed rod (7) penetrates through the internal thread holes (19) and is fixed through a threaded bolt, and the position of the fixed rod (7) can move left and right through different internal thread holes to realize the transverse movement of the vibration exciter (6);
when the device is used, the following steps are adopted:
(a) determining a sample soil sample (2) according to a research target, determining the water content and the density of the test soil sample (2), filling the test soil sample (2) into a test box (1) to a required height, layering and compacting, and after filling, performing pre-pressing consolidation on the test soil sample (2);
(b) after the test soil sample (2) is solidified, pile pressing is carried out by adopting a static pressing-in method, the pile pressing speed is 100mm/min, the pile pressing time is 8min, and the displacement of a pile body is monitored through a displacement sensor (5) arranged at the pile top;
(c) after pile pressing is finished, after a rest period is finished, a cyclic loading test is carried out on the test pile (3), a signal generator (12) is started, a vibration waveform is set, a power amplifier (11) is started, the amplitude of a signal is adjusted, a dynamic data acquisition instrument (13) and a computer (14) are started, and pile top load and pile body displacement in the vibration process are recorded;
(d) increasing the amplitude or changing the frequency, and repeating the previous step until the vibration time or the pile top displacement meets the requirements;
(e) after the test is finished, the power amplifier (11), the signal generator (12) and the dynamic data acquisition instrument (13) are sequentially closed, the dynamic bearing capacity limit of the single pile is calculated according to the dynamic load of the pile top and the displacement of the pile top, and the stress distribution along the pile body and the side friction resistance distribution of the pile are calculated according to the pile end soil pressure sensor (16) and the resistance strain gauge of the pile body.
2. The single-pile vertical cyclic loading test device for simulating the load of the high-speed rail according to claim 1, wherein a drain valve (15) is arranged at the bottom end of the test box (1).
3. The single-pile vertical cyclic loading test device for simulating the load of the high-speed rail according to claim 1, wherein the upper rigid beam (8) is arranged on the reaction frame (9) through upper rigid beam bayonets on two sides and is fixed through a threaded bolt.
4. The mono-pile vertical cyclic loading test device for simulating high-speed rail loading according to claim 1, wherein the signal generator (12) can continuously output a function signal with an arbitrary waveform.
5. A single pile vertical cyclic loading test method for simulating high-speed rail loading according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) determining a sample soil sample (2) according to a research target, determining the water content and the density of the test soil sample (2), filling the test soil sample (2) into a test box (1) to a required height, layering and compacting, and after filling, performing pre-pressing consolidation on the test soil sample (2);
(b) after the test soil sample (2) is solidified, pile pressing is carried out by adopting a static pressing-in method, the pile pressing speed is 100mm/min, the pile pressing time is 8min, and the displacement of a pile body is monitored through a displacement sensor (5) arranged at the pile top;
(c) after pile pressing is finished, after a rest period is finished, a cyclic loading test is carried out on the test pile (3), a signal generator (12) is started, a vibration waveform is set, a power amplifier (11) is started, the amplitude of a signal is adjusted, a dynamic data acquisition instrument (13) and a computer (14) are started, and pile top load and pile body displacement in the vibration process are recorded;
(d) increasing the amplitude or changing the frequency, and repeating the previous step until the vibration time or the pile top displacement meets the requirements;
(e) after the test is finished, the power amplifier (11), the signal generator (12) and the dynamic data acquisition instrument (13) are sequentially closed, the dynamic bearing capacity limit of the single pile is calculated according to the dynamic load of the pile top and the displacement of the pile top, and the stress distribution along the pile body and the side friction resistance distribution of the pile are calculated according to the pile end soil pressure sensor (16) and the resistance strain gauge of the pile body.
6. The single-pile vertical cyclic loading test method for simulating high-speed rail loads according to claim 5, wherein the calculation method in one period of the cyclic loads input in the step (c) is as follows:
wherein:
p (t) is the high iron load amplitude;
t is time;
l is the distance between the high-speed rail bogie wheel pairs;
v is the high rail travel speed;
and w is the frequency corresponding to the high-speed rail load, w is v/pi D, and D is the diameter of the high-speed rail wheel pair.
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| CN109706983B (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2020-12-04 | 中原工学院 | Device and method for testing vertical bearing characteristic of single pile under unloading condition |
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| CN110777858A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-02-11 | 厦门安捷建筑工程有限公司 | Pile soil load regulator for composite pile foundation |
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| CN115032009B (en) * | 2022-06-13 | 2023-07-18 | 浙江大学 | Vertical circulation loading simulation device and method for pile foundation of high-speed railway in supergravity experimental cabin |
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| JP2002286625A (en) * | 2001-03-28 | 2002-10-03 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method for execution and loading test in model sand ground, device therefor, and ground creating method |
| CN101532930B (en) * | 2008-03-14 | 2011-11-16 | 同济大学 | Pile model power-cycle test system |
| CN202247966U (en) * | 2011-07-25 | 2012-05-30 | 余闯 | Model test device for simulating pile-supported embankment under complex load condition |
| CN105178366A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2015-12-23 | 同济大学 | Model test device for vertical long-time settling character test of pile foundation and application of model test device |
| CN106013270A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-10-12 | 同济大学 | Combined load loading device for pile foundation in field testing |
| CN107313470B (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2019-03-29 | 同济大学 | The experimental rig that the preconsolidation simulation Piled-box foundaton Long-term Cyclic Loading that pressurizes acts on |
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