CN103119259A - 用于废气系统中的部件的电源的装置 - Google Patents

用于废气系统中的部件的电源的装置 Download PDF

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CN103119259A
CN103119259A CN2011800442567A CN201180044256A CN103119259A CN 103119259 A CN103119259 A CN 103119259A CN 2011800442567 A CN2011800442567 A CN 2011800442567A CN 201180044256 A CN201180044256 A CN 201180044256A CN 103119259 A CN103119259 A CN 103119259A
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electrode
electrically
waste line
waste gas
insulating material
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CN103119259B (zh
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罗尔夫·布吕克
简·霍奇森
克里斯蒂安·福斯曼
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Mainland Yimi Tech Co ltd
Continental Automotive GmbH
Vitesco Technologies GmbH
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Emitec Gesellschaft fuer Emissionstechnologie mbH
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    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
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Abstract

一种用于废气系统(3)中的部件的供电单元(2)的装置(1)，其中在废气管线(5)上设置有至少一个电接触部分(4)，并且至少一个所述电接触部分(4)被电绝缘材料(6)所围绕。

Description

用于废气系统中的部件的电源的装置
技术领域
本发明涉及用于废气系统中的部件的电源的装置，其中尤其详细说明了用于在废气系统中产生电场的电极的电源。
背景技术
已经讨论过用于在移动式内燃机中从废气中消除煤烟颗粒的多种不同的理念。除了交替在侧部上闭合的壁流式过滤器、开放的次级流动过滤器、重力沉淀器等，已经提出了这样的系统，即其中使废气中的颗粒带电，并且之后使用静电引力使颗粒沉淀。这些系统尤其已知称作为“静电过滤器”或“电过滤器”。
对于这样的电过滤器而言，大致上提出了布置在废气管线中的（多个）放电电极和集电极。在该情况中，例如利用大约居中地延伸通过废气管线的中间放电电极和作为集电极的废气管线的周围侧部表面来形成电容器。通过该放电电极和集电极的布置，相对于废气的流动方向横向地形成电场，其中可以例如通过处于大约15kV的区域中的高压来操作放电电极。其结果是尤其可以形成电晕放电，通过电晕放电，与废气一同流动通过电场的颗粒以单极的形式带电。由于这种带电，颗粒由于静电库仑力而移动到集电极。
除了其中废气管线实施为集电极的系统，还已知有这样的系统，其中集电极实施为例如丝网。在该情况中，丝网上的颗粒的积累具有如下目的，即在特定的条件下将颗粒与另外的颗粒结合，以借此实现凝聚。流动通过丝网的废气之后将相对较大的颗粒凝聚物携带起来，并且将它们输送至传统的过滤系统。
即使迄今为止的上述系统已经证明至少在试验中对于煤烟颗粒的处理而言是适用的，在机动车辆中为批量生产而实施该理念仍然构成很大的技术挑战。这对于废气中的剧烈波动的、有时非常高的煤烟负载而言尤其如此。同样地，对现有的用于废气系统的这种系统进行所期望的改装仍然构成很大困难。尤其是，在机动车辆的废气系统中会产生大致上突然增多的废气量，但是这例如在用来产生电能的固定式内燃机中不会产生。另外，例如由于地面的不平，废气系统会承受到机械负载。另外，必须考虑到如下事实，即考虑到这种废气系统的增加的功率和/或效率，必须（周期性地和/或连续地）将过滤系统再生以消除煤烟颗粒，所述再生包括煤烟到气态组分的转化。
当再生过滤系统时，还知晓的是不仅通过简单加热、也就是说燃烧煤烟（催化剂驱动的氧化转化）来进行间歇的再生，而且还可通过二氧化氮(NO2)来转化煤烟。通过二氧化氮连续再生的优势是煤烟可以在低很多的温度下（尤其低于250℃）就已经被转化了。由此原因，在许多应用情况中优选连续再生。然而这导致了如下问题，即必须要保证废气中的二氧化氮与累积的煤烟颗粒接触到足够的程度。
在本情况中，技术困难同样产生于对机动车辆中的这种废气系统实施连续操作，其中内燃机的不同负载导致不同的废气流、废气组成和/或温度。
另外，需要考虑到当使得这样的煤烟沉淀系统能够得到这样的部件时，就要使用尽可能简单的部件、尤其是还有可以作为批量生产的一部分而划算地制造的部件。另外，尤其针对电极的设计，需要考虑到在特定的条件下电极必须在废气管线中对齐布置，尤其是布置成使得在电极的区域中不会产生不期望的高冲压或不期望的废气涡流。
当形成这样的电场时，还必须保证使得能可靠地大体连续地获得为此所必要的电压和电流，并且尤其是排除掉对环境和人的危险。在该情况中，必须考虑到在一定程度上要施加处于1到30kV的范围中的电压，其中电流大致上相对低，例如少于0.1安培。
发明内容
以此为基础，本发明的目的是至少部分地解决针对现有技术所描述的问题。尤其是要提出一种用于电源的装置，其中使得可以连续地对废气系统进行可靠的操作。另外，如果可能的话，形成电接触部分和/或电导体的工具也以简单的方式构造，以便尤其是促进其作为批量生产的一部分的设置。
这些目的通过根据权利要求1的特征的装置来达到。从属权利要求中详细说明了本发明的进一步的有利改进。所理解的是，在权利要求中所单独详细说明的特征可以任何所期望的技术上合适的方式彼此结合，并且公开了本发明的进一步的改进。说明、尤其是关于附图的说明解释了本发明并且详细说明了另外的示例性实施方案。
根据本发明的用于废气系统中的部件的电源的装置具有位于废气管线上的至少一个电接触部分，其中至少该电接触部分被电绝缘材料所围绕。
可在此处用在废气系统中的部件优选为用于在废气管线中形成电场的电极。当然，电源也可以用来与废气系统中的多个部件（如果适合的话为不同的部件）进行电接触。
这需要实现从电源到废气系统中的至少一个部件的电接触。在该过程中，电接触部分大致上也至少部分地穿过废气管线。在本情况中，电接触部分尤其构成通过废气管线的电插头和/或电引线的类型。电接触部分尤其适合于施加1kV（千伏特）之上的电压，尤其是处于从2kV到50kV的范围中的电压，其中大致上产生例如小于1安培或甚至小于0.1安培的小电流。电接触部分可以相应地设置在废气管线的外壁上或外壁处。当然，也可以设置多个这样的电接触部分。
另外，电接触部分设置成至少部分地被电绝缘材料所围绕。也就是说、换言之，尤其是电接触部分被引导通过电绝缘材料。尤其是，例如在电接触部分通过电绝缘材料与废气管线的其它（金属）区域间隔开的情况中，这也具有连接电源的效果。优选地为此使用针对所施加的电压具有相应防击穿功能的电绝缘材料。
针对电源和电接触部分之间的连接，尤其设置成此处的导体为具有电活性防护的电导体。为此目的，尤其可以设置尤其是防护级别为IP68的同轴电缆。
根据该装置的一个改进，提出了至少一个电接触部分铸造在电绝缘材料中。对于此情况而言，尤其设置成电接触部分自身形成插头，该插头例如与废气管线电接触。另外，还可能的是，电引线为电接触部分的一部分，并且也大致上铸造到电绝缘材料中。为此目的，电接触部分例如可以置于废气管线上，并且之后通过电绝缘材料层被围绕起来，电绝缘材料层之后固化。这提供了尤其简单的制造这种绝缘的电接触部分的方法。
另外还提出，废气管线在外壁上至少部分地围绕有电绝缘材料。这意味着尤其是提供了一个局部的部分，尤其是相邻于废气系统内部中的电场且围绕着外壁的绝缘外层或绝缘体覆盖层。这里例如提供有这样的设置，其中在废气管线的外壁上利用覆盖层来设置环形部分，其中电绝缘材料例如通过火焰喷涂方法置于那里。
绝缘材料优选地以如下方式实现，即使在乘用车发生事故之后，被施加有高电压的部件不会暴露，和/或这样的部件不会与事故中的其它部件发生接触。这可以尤其起始于要绝缘的位置，通过合适地选择材料、选择绝缘材料的适合的厚度和/或绝缘材料的延伸于要绝缘的位置之上的适合扩展。
除此之外，优选的是绝缘材料为耐热的。这意味着即使在500℃（摄氏度）以上或甚至900℃以上的温度下，绝缘材料也不会显著地改变绝缘和/或机械性能。
根据该装置的一个改进，提出了至少一个电接触部分形成了通过废气管线的引线，并且包括至少一个电极。在此情况中，例如在废气管线中形成了开口，通过该开口或利用该开口来实施引线。引线尤其可以为电接触部分或插头的一部分。引线还优选地通过电绝缘材料形成，并且在该过程中引线尤其实施为在尺寸上为刚性的，使得引线同时可以作为电极安装件的类型。如果适合，这里也可以设置用于从电源到（分离的）电极地引导电流的连接部件。基本上，可以使装置中的每个电接触部分都具有引线，但这不是必须的。尤其是，电接触部分还可以实施为具有多个引线。尤其是，在该情况中，优选高密度陶瓷作为绝缘材料，其中陶瓷层的厚度选择为使得在电压可达40kV的情况中能有效地防止击穿。
尤其是在该情况中，尤其优选的是引线通过陶瓷管形成。陶瓷其自身构成电绝缘材料，其中管的形状尤其适合于在内部容纳电极。同样地，可以毫无困难地地永久地将电极牢固和/或附着在陶瓷管中。
在本发明的一个改进中，根据本发明的装置通过电接触部分来实施，该电接触部分在管中被引导并且被绝缘材料所围绕，其中绝缘材料在其整个圆周上在至少一个位置处以水不可渗透的方式连接到管的内表面。这样的水不可渗透的连接可以例如通过粘合或压接来实施。管自身因此以这样的方式连接到废气管线，使得电接触部分被引导通过废气管线。
另外，还认为有利的是，在废气管线中布置至少一个电极和一个颗粒沉淀器，其中可以在至少一个电极和颗粒沉淀器之间产生电场。
此处尤其优选的是，颗粒捕集器（直接）布置在下游并在此处作为一种类型的集电极。其结果是，流动通过位于该至少一个电极和颗粒捕集器之间的区域的煤烟颗粒在位于那里的电场中带电，并且最终偏转到颗粒捕集器的过滤材料。在该情况中，当然还可以同时进行聚集。颗粒捕集器尤其是所谓的开放的次级流动过滤器，其中不设有完全关闭的流动通道。相反地，颗粒捕集器通过金属非纺织层和金属波纹层成形，其中设置有开口、引导结构等。此处，引导结构在流动通道中形成流动限制，其结果是颗粒捕集器内部的煤烟颗粒的停留时间或撞击的可能性增加。关于这一方面可参照本申请人的已知专利公开，其更详细地表征了颗粒捕集器和/或其再生；尤其是，此处可完全参照下列文献的说明书：WO A01/80978;WO A02/00326;WO A2005/099867;WO A2005/066469;WO A2006/136431;WO A2007/140932。
此处，这样的颗粒捕集器的再生优选地基于CRT方法连续进行。为此目的，例如氧化催化转化器可以连接到装置的上游，其中一氧化氮（也）被氧化成二氧化氮，并且之后在颗粒捕集器中与煤烟反应。另外，还可能的是，这样的氧化作用覆盖层在颗粒捕集器自身中实施，或是在其一个区域中实施，或是在颗粒捕集器的所有区域中实施。
附图说明
下面将参照附图更详细地解释本发明。所理解的是，附图中所显示的示例性实施方案是尤其优选的，但是本发明并不限制于此。在附图中，在每种情况中处于示意性的形式：
图1显示了用于废气系统中的部件的电源的装置的第一实施方案变体的纵向截面；
图2显示了该装置的一个实施方案变体的第一细节；
图3显示了另一个实施方案变体的另一个细节；并且
图4显示了另一个实施方案变体的另一个细节。
具体实施方式
图1显示了用于废气系统3中的部件的电源2的装置1。在这方面，在中心示意性显示了废气管线5的纵向剖面，废气沿流动方向19流动通过废气管线5。此处废气包含颗粒20、尤其是煤烟，它们要通过颗粒沉淀器11（称作开放式次级流动过滤器）从废气中移除。
另外，装置1具有居中布置的电极9。电极9用来在电极9和颗粒沉淀器11之间产生电场12。
由此可以得到对于产生电场12所必要的电流流动，电极9电连接到电源2。这可以在废气管线5之外例如使用被引导至电接触部分4的同轴电缆来进行。当穿过废气管线5处的外壁时，设置在那里的电绝缘材料6阻止了废气管线5的两个邻近的区域被击穿。为此目的，一方面，电接触部分4被电绝缘材料6所围绕，并且还相邻于电接触部分4而围绕电场12和颗粒沉淀器11形成了外壁7。
图2详细显示了电接触部分4的插头的解决方案。实施为同轴电缆的电源2在此处于插头15中结束，插头15置于废气管线5之上。此处，整个插头15被电绝缘材料6所围绕。插头15尤其铸造在粘附于废气管线5上的电绝缘材料6中。
图3显示了电接触部分4的另一个实施方案的变体，其为引线8的形式。此处，电源2或电极9穿过废气管线5。对于绝缘的引线而言，还设置了陶瓷管10穿过废气管线5，并且因此可靠地以电绝缘的形式将电源2或电极9引导通过。
图4也显示了电接触部分4的另一个实施方案的变体，其中管13安装在废气管线5中。电源2在管13中被作为保护层16的电绝缘材料6所围绕，保护层16又以水不可渗透的形式通过粘合剂17连接在管13中。电极9布置为通过连接件14和插头15与分流器18接触。
因此本发明至少部分地解决了关于现有技术所述的问题。尤其是，提出了一种电源装置，其使得可以连续可靠地操作废气系统。另外，制造电接触部分和/或电导体的方式设计简单，以特别有利于设置来作为批量生产的一部分。
附图标号列表
1  装置
2  电源
3  废气系统
4  电接触部分
5  废气管线
6  电绝缘材料
7  外壁
8  引线
9  电极
10  陶瓷管
11  颗粒沉淀器
12  电场
13  管
14  连接件
15  插头
16  保护层
17  粘合剂
18  分流器
19  流动方向
20  颗粒

Claims (6)

1.一种用于废气系统(3)中的部件的电源(2)的装置(1)，其中在废气管线(5)上设置有至少一个电接触部分(4)，并且至少所述电接触部分(4)被电绝缘材料(6)所围绕。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置(1)，其特征在于，所述至少一个电接触部分(4)铸造在所述电绝缘材料(6)中。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置(1)，其特征在于，所述废气管线(5)在外壁(7)上至少部分地围绕有所述电绝缘材料(6)。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的装置(1)，其特征在于，所述至少一个电接触部分(4)形成通过所述废气管线(5)的引线(8)，并且包括至少一个电极(9)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的装置(1)，其特征在于，所述引线(8)通过陶瓷管(10)形成。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的装置(1)，其特征在于，在所述废气管线(5)中设置有至少一个电极(9)和颗粒沉淀器(11)，其中在所述至少一个电极(9)和所述颗粒沉淀器(11)之间能够产生电场(12)。
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