CN103111619A - Hot isostatic pressing two-step forming method of high temperature alloy compact piece - Google Patents
Hot isostatic pressing two-step forming method of high temperature alloy compact piece Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of advanced manufacturing, and particularly relates to a hot isostatic pressing two-step forming method of a high temperature alloy compact piece. The method includes two steps of hot isostatic pressing, according to a first step of hot isostatic pressing, a formation control mold is controlled to deform at a low temperature or pressure, part pressed blanks high in precision of shapes and sizes are obtained, wrapping sleeve limitation does not exist in a second forming step, the temperature and the pressure which are most suitable for formation material are adopted, both holes left in the first step are eliminated, compactness is improved, and the precision of the shapes and the sizes is guaranteed, and good organizational performance under the most suitable temperature and the most suitable pressure is obtained. Due to the fact that the temperature and the pressure in the first forming step are low, material choosing problem of complicated formation control molds is solved, material which is difficult to process and high in high temperature yield strength is not required to be chosen as a formation control type mold core, and manufacture cost of the mold is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to advanced manufacturing field, be specifically related to two step of the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) manufacturing process of the fine and close part of a kind of high temperature alloy.
Technical background
Some key components and parts in aerospace field are often processed by difficult-to-machine materials such as high temperature alloys (nickel-base alloy, titanium-base alloy), adopt conventional method processing and are shaped, and technology difficulty is large, and waste of material is many, and manufacturing cost is high.
Ni-based titanium group high temperature alloy because it has good fracture toughness, anti-fatigue performance, hot corrosion resistance and good elevated temperature strength, is the irreplaceable moulding material of Aero-Space high temperature hot-end component.Yet the alloying of high temperature alloy complexity causes again in casting, forging process, and component segregation is serious, mechanical property is disperseed, the thermal process mis-behave.If the employing machine-tooled method is not only made difficulty but also can slattern a large amount of precious materials, labyrinth even can't be made.But utilize high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) method monolithic molding complex parts, and have good comprehensive mechanical performance.
High temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) is that a kind of powder that grows up the fifties in last century is fixed, moulding and heat treated new technology, it is by with high temperature (700～2000 ℃), (70～200MPa) media act on the whole surface of material simultaneously to high pressure equably, thereby make material production fixed.The double dominant of the integrated powder metallurgy of this technology and cold isostatic compaction, moulding and a synthetic step of sintering two step operations of powder are carried out, and can reach fine and close state through the goods of high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) compacting, basically can eliminate internal porosity, material property each to identical, thereby improved significantly the performance of product.
High temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) near-net-shape technique combines PM technique and Modern Mold technology, utilize high temperature and high pressure dusty material is carried out fully densified in, can go out the complex parts that performance reaches homogeneity forging level by whole near-net-shape, not only can overcome a unmanageable difficult problem, but also can increase substantially the utilization rate of precious materials, thereby reduce the manufacturing cost of part.
The whole near-net-shape process route of high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) is as follows: at first, design and produce machine simulation as calculated and optimize after metal (generally adopting mild steel) jacket; Then, load therein metal dust and the consolidation of part to be formed; Then, vacuumize and seal and implement high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) (hot isostatic pressing, HIP); At last, remove jacket, just can acquire fine and close part.
The size of the fine and close part that finally obtains is directly determined by the jacket of design.Wherein the selection of sheath material is particularly important.Sheath material is selected to observe following basic principle: (1) jacket should have cocksure air-tightness; (2) do not press material reaction with quilt; (3) suitable intensity and good plasticity are arranged; (4) easily shape, easily peel off; (5) have good economic actual effect. based on these principles, the selection of sheath material has been subject to certain restriction.
At present, what high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) jacket major part adopted is mild steel, because the good processability of mild steel, easily remove after high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), price is also more cheap, but because the high-temperature yield strength of mild steel is lower, as the control shaped part timesharing in jacket, larger deformation occuring under high temperature and high pressure environment, be difficult to guarantee original shape, can not guarantee dimensional accuracy and the form accuracy of last formation of parts.
In addition, in the labyrinth and long straight structure of part, powder is more difficult under the driving force of jacket distortion reaches fine and close, easily produces hole, makes the part performance not reach requirement.If intensified pressure increases driving force, may make jacket be out of shape excessive and ftracture.So in the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) formation of parts, there are the hole defective in complex structure spare and long straight part.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) secondary forming method of the fine and close part of a kind of high temperature alloy, the method can guarantee form accuracy and the dimensional accuracy of part, and make part have high-compactness, can access the part that geomery and performance all meet the demands.
The manufacturing process of the fine and close part of a kind of high temperature alloy provided by the invention, the method adopts lower temperature or pressure to carry out high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) for the first time to the superalloy powder with jacket, obtain density higher than 90% and without the part pressed compact of interconnected pore, then remove the jacket after first step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), adopt again conventional heat and other static pressuring processes parameter to carry out high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) for the second time to the part pressed compact, obtain the fine and close part of required high temperature alloy.
The present invention is the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) high temperature alloy part that is shaped in two steps, first step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) adopts lower temperature or pressure, control shape die deformation is little, guarantees form accuracy and the dimensional accuracy of part, only need guarantee pressed compact density after high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) higher than 90% and get final product without the interconnected pore; Jacket after removal first step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) carries out high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) for the second time to its part pressed compact, and the second step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) adopts conventional heat and other static pressuring processes parameter, at such temperature, structure property and density are best, and the form accuracy that is shaped thus is high, the part that structure property is good.Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) adopt metal material commonly used as jacket, cost is low, good processability, and easily remove after high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP);
(2) lower temperature or the pressure of the selection of first step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), can guarantee to be wrapped in and still have good plasticity and higher yield strength in first step forming process: good plasticity can make outer wrap deformation tendency flow of powder, guarantee the shaping of part blank, reached higher density; Higher yield strength can guarantee that jacket control shaped part divides and have certain intensity, plays the effect of control shape, has guaranteed the size accuracy of part blank.
When (3) being shaped due to the second step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), there is no the constraint of jacket, be not subjected to the restriction of shape and sheath material intensity and the plasticity of jacket, hip temperature can be chosen conventional temperature and pressure, under this temperature and pressure, not only can be organized preferably, but also increased the density of part, be eliminated the defectives such as internal void.
(4) adopt the inventive method shaping high temperature alloy part, stock utilization is high, and technique is simple, low cost, low energy consumption, high efficiency.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the inventive method first step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) shaping schematic diagram, wherein, (a) being the first step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) mould pressure process figure that heats, be (b) die drawing after first step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), is (c) part blank after the removal jacket after first step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP); 1 is the jacket wall, and 2 is high temperature alloy, and 3 is hole, and 4 are control shape core;
Fig. 2 is this inventive method second step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) shaping schematic diagram, wherein, (d) part blank that obtains for first step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) (e) is the pressure process figure that heats of second step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), (f) the final part for obtaining after the second step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP);
Fig. 3 needs the leaf dish part that makes in example one;
Fig. 4 is the control shape core of shaping leaf dish in example one leaf dish mould;
Fig. 5 is the leaf dish die drawing of example one, and wherein, 5 is the jacket upper cover, and 6 are control shape upper cover, and 7 is the jacket outer wall, and 4 are control shape core, and 8 are control shape lower cover, and 9 is the jacket lower cover, and 10 is the jacket inwall;
Fig. 6 is the straight excellent die drawing of the length of example two, and wherein, 2 is high temperature alloy (Ni625 powder), and 4 are control shape core, and 5 is the jacket upper cover, and 7 is the jacket outer wall, and 9 is the jacket lower cover, and 11 is exhaust tube, and 12 is steel wool.
The specific embodiment
Method of the present invention adopts that price is low, more common, the material of good processability is as the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) jacket, first select temperature and pressure to carry out high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) lower than the technique of normal condition, guarantee that density reaches more than 90%, this time control shape die deformation is less, has guaranteed form accuracy and the dimensional accuracy of part; Then remove jacket and obtain part blank, re-use the higher condition of temperature and pressure and carry out high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), eliminate the hole in part blank, make part reach full densification, obtain the part that required geomery and performance all meet the demands.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) secondary forming method of the fine and close part of a kind of high temperature alloy provided by the invention comprises the steps:
The high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) shaping jacket of the 1st step design part to be formed, design comprises the selection that jacket control shaped part is divided material, the material of answering usually that the Choice and process performance is good, easily removing after high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP);
The 2nd step welded jacket, and the main body of jacket need to be welded into integral body with its up and down end cap, to be assembled into a sealing only with the jacket of aspirating hole;
The 3rd step hunted leak to jacket, if be sheathed with gas leak phenomenon, needed again to jacket and end cap junction soldering and sealing, till air tight, if air tight, directly carried out next step;
The 4th step alloy powder of packing into toward jacket inside, and reality is shaken in vibrations;
After the 5th step vacuumized jacket, with exhaust tube soldering and sealing, thereby obtain pressed compact;
The 6th step was determined the technological parameter that first step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) is shaped, choose temperature lower than the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) condition of routine or/and pressure, pressed compact obtained in the previous step is implemented hip treatment, and the technological parameter of choosing should guarantee that the part blank density is more than 90%;
The described temperature of choosing is preferably 0.4～0.5 times of dusty material fusing point, and described pressure is preferably 70MPa～100MPa.
After the 7th step first step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), adopt the method for machined and pickling to remove jacket, obtain part blank;
Whether the 8th step was measured the density of part blank with drainage, check part blank density obtained in the previous step more than 90% and without the interconnected pore;
The 9th step was determined the technological parameter that the second step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) is shaped, and chose conventional high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) condition, and part blank is implemented hip treatment, and with this understanding, the pressed compact density can be near 100%;
In the heat and other static pressuring processes of routine, temperature is generally 0.5～0.7 times of dusty material fusing point, and pressure is 100～120MPa.
The 10th step took out part after the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) burner hearth is cooling, can obtain final required part.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described further.Need to prove at this, understand the present invention for the explanation of these embodiments for helping, but do not consist of limitation of the invention.In addition, below in each embodiment of described the present invention involved technical characterictic just can mutually not make up as long as consist of each other conflict.
Example 1:
This is for using the present invention to make the example of titanium alloy (Ti6A14V, TC4) leaf dish (Fig. 3):
The technological parameter of the conventional high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) of titanium alloy is: 950 ℃ of temperature, pressure 120MPa.Under this temperature and pressure, the structure property of part is good, and density is high, but under this HTHP, the distortion of control shape mould is very large, and the part shape precision and the dimensional accuracy that finally obtain are often lower.
Under this background, use the present invention to address the above problem.Concrete steps are as follows:
(1) according to Element Design high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) shaping jacket, select No. 20 steel as sheath material, control shape core (Fig. 4) adopts mach method to make;
(2) jacket is welded, mould control shaped part is divided with the up and down end cap be welded into integral body, to be assembled into a sealing only with the jacket of aspirating hole;
(3) jacket is hunted leak, after guaranteeing that jacket is air tight, the TC4 alloy powder of packing into toward jacket inside, and reality is shaken in vibrations;
(4) by blast pipe to vacuumizing in jacket, be about 10 in vacuum
-3During Pa, blast pipe is flattened, make its sealing with welding or fusing, thereby obtain pressed compact as shown in Figure 5, wherein, 1 is upper cover, and 2 are control shape upper cover, and 3 is the jacket outer wall, and 4 are control shape core, and 5 are control shape lower cover, and 6 is lower cover, and 7 is the jacket inwall;
(5) pressed compact is put into the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) stove, heated pressurized treatments.Under high temperature and uniform pressure-acting, the density of base substrate is reached more than 90%, physical dimension and shape all meet the requirements;
First step heat and other static pressuring processes process is:
With the speed of 10 ℃/min, temperature is risen to 800 ℃ from room temperature, insulation 3h; Then the speed with 2MPa/min is elevated to 120MPa with pressure, heat-insulation pressure keeping 3h under 800 ℃ and 120MPa condition; The cooling release.
(6) when the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) burner hearth is cooled to room temperature, pressed compact is taken out.Adopt the method for machined and pickling to remove the metal jacket, obtain the part pressed compact;
(7) the part pressed compact is put into the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) stove, heat pressurized treatments.Under high temperature and uniform pressure-acting, the density of base substrate is reached more than 99%, eliminate hole;
Second step heat and other static pressuring processes process is:
With the speed of 10 ℃/min, temperature is risen to 950 ℃ from room temperature, insulation 3h; Then the speed with 2MPa/min is elevated to 120MPa with pressure, heat-insulation pressure keeping 3h under 950 ℃ and 120MPa condition; The cooling release.
(8) when the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) burner hearth is cooled to room temperature, pressed compact is taken out, obtain being the leaf dish part that meets the demands at last.
The leaf dish part density that said method makes reaches 99.4%, and dimensional accuracy and form accuracy are high, uniform microstructure, the defectives such as pore-free, hole.
Example 2:
This is for using the present invention to make the example of the long straight rod of nickel-base alloy (Ni625) (Fig. 6):
The technological parameter of the conventional high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) of nickel-base alloy is: 1050 ℃ of temperature, pressure 120MPa.When being shaped long straight rod under this technique, the yield strength of control shape mold materials is very low, and distortion is large, can not guarantee the dimensional accuracy of formation of parts, and the straight structure of this length also exists and is difficult to fill fine and close problem.
Under this background, use the present invention to address the above problem.Concrete steps are as follows:
(1) according to Element Design high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) shaping jacket, select No. 20 steel as sheath material;
(2) jacket is welded, mould control shaped part is divided with the up and down end cap be welded into integral body, to be assembled into a sealing only with the jacket of aspirating hole;
(3) jacket is hunted leak, after guaranteeing that jacket is air tight, the Ni625 alloy powder of packing into toward jacket inside, and reality is shaken in vibrations;
(4) by blast pipe to vacuumizing in jacket, be about 10 in vacuum
-3During Pa, blast pipe is flattened, make its sealing with welding or fusing, thereby obtain pressed compact as shown in Figure 6, wherein, 1 is exhaust tube, and 2 is the jacket upper cover, and 3 is steel wool, and 4 is the jacket wall, and 5 is the Ni625 powder, and 6 are control shape core, and 7 is the jacket lower cover;
(5) pressed compact is put into the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) stove, heated pressurized treatments.Under high temperature and uniform pressure-acting, the density of base substrate is reached more than 90%, physical dimension and shape all meet the requirements;
First step heat and other static pressuring processes process is:
With the speed of 10 ℃/min, temperature is risen to 850 ℃ from room temperature, insulation 20min; Then the speed with 2MPa/min is elevated to 80MPa with pressure, with the speed of 5 ℃/min, temperature is risen to 1050 ℃ from 850 ℃ simultaneously; Heat-insulation pressure keeping 3h under 1050 ℃ and 80MPa condition; The cooling release.
(6) when the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) burner hearth is cooled to room temperature, pressed compact is taken out.Adopt the method for machined and pickling to remove the metal jacket, obtain the part pressed compact;
(7) the part pressed compact is put into the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) stove, heat pressurized treatments.Under high temperature and uniform pressure-acting, the density of base substrate is reached more than 99%, eliminate hole;
Second step heat and other static pressuring processes process is:
With the speed of 10 ℃/min, temperature is risen to 850 ℃ from room temperature, insulation 20min; Then the speed with 2MPa/min is elevated to 120MPa with pressure, with the speed of 5 ℃/min, temperature is risen to 1050 ℃ from 850 ℃ simultaneously; Heat-insulation pressure keeping 3h under 1050 ℃ and 120MPa condition; The cooling release.
(8) when the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) burner hearth is cooled to room temperature, pressed compact is taken out, obtain being the straight excellent part of the length that meets the demands at last.
The straight excellent part density of the length that said method makes reaches 99.1%, and dimensional accuracy and form accuracy are high, uniform microstructure, the defectives such as pore-free, hole.
In a word, essence of the present invention is to utilize the two step different heat and other static pressuring processes conditional parameters high temperature alloy parts that are shaped: first use lower temperature or pressure, guarantee that control shape die deformation is little, obtain density greater than 90% part pressed compact, this moment, form accuracy and the dimensional accuracy of pressed compact were high, had the part hole; And then using conventional technological parameter (temperature and pressure), the hole after elimination first step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) in pressed compact makes part entirely fine and close.The part that obtains like this, good structure property and the high-compactness of existing common process have again common process be beyond one's reach form accuracy and dimensional accuracy.
The present invention not only is confined to the above-mentioned specific embodiment; persons skilled in the art are according to content disclosed by the invention; can adopt other multiple specific embodiment to implement the present invention; therefore; every employing design of the present invention and thinking; do some simple designs that change or change, all fall into the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. the manufacturing process of the fine and close part of a high temperature alloy, the method adopts lower temperature or pressure to carry out high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) for the first time to the superalloy powder with jacket, obtain density higher than 90% and without the part pressed compact of interconnected pore, then remove the jacket after first step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), adopt again conventional heat and other static pressuring processes parameter to carry out high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) for the second time to the part pressed compact, obtain the fine and close part of required high temperature alloy.
2. manufacturing process according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the method specifically comprises the steps:
The high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) shaping jacket of the 1st step design part to be formed;
The 2nd step welded jacket, formed one and sealed and only with the integral body of aspirating hole;
The 3rd step hunted leak to jacket, if be sheathed with gas leak phenomenon, needed again to jacket and end cap junction soldering and sealing, till air tight, if air tight, directly carried out next step;
The 4th step alloy powder of packing into toward jacket inside, and reality is shaken in vibrations;
After the 5th step vacuumized jacket, with exhaust tube soldering and sealing, thereby obtain pressed compact;
The 6th step was determined the technological parameter that first step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) is shaped, choose temperature lower than the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) condition of routine or/and pressure, pressed compact obtained in the previous step is implemented hip treatment, and the technological parameter of choosing should guarantee that the part blank density is more than 90%;
After the 7th step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), remove jacket, obtain part blank;
The density of the 8th pacing amount part blank selects the part blank density more than 90%, and without the part blank of interconnected pore;
The 9th step was determined the technological parameter that the second step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) is shaped, and chose conventional high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) condition, and part blank is implemented hip treatment, and with this understanding, the pressed compact density can be near 100%;
The 10th step took out part after the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) burner hearth is cooling, namely obtained final required part.
3. densifying method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, in described the 6th step, when the first step was shaped, the described temperature of choosing was 0.4～0.5 times of dusty material fusing point, and described pressure is 70MPa～100MPa.
4. according to claim 2 or 3 described densifying methods, is characterized in that, during the second step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) was shaped, temperature was 0.5～0.7 times of dusty material fusing point, and pressure is 100～120MPa.
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| CN104625066A (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2015-05-20 | 北京科技大学 | Method for manufacturing high-niobium titanium-aluminum alloy material by adopting two-step pressure infiltration |
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