CN103111619B - Hot isostatic pressing two-step forming method of high temperature alloy compact piece - Google Patents
Hot isostatic pressing two-step forming method of high temperature alloy compact piece Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of advanced manufacturing, and particularly relates to a hot isostatic pressing two-step forming method of a high temperature alloy compact piece. The method includes two steps of hot isostatic pressing, according to a first step of hot isostatic pressing, a formation control mold is controlled to deform at a low temperature or pressure, part pressed blanks high in precision of shapes and sizes are obtained, wrapping sleeve limitation does not exist in a second forming step, the temperature and the pressure which are most suitable for formation material are adopted, both holes left in the first step are eliminated, compactness is improved, and the precision of the shapes and the sizes is guaranteed, and good organizational performance under the most suitable temperature and the most suitable pressure is obtained. Due to the fact that the temperature and the pressure in the first forming step are low, material choosing problem of complicated formation control molds is solved, material which is difficult to process and high in high temperature yield strength is not required to be chosen as a formation control type mold core, and manufacture cost of the mold is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to advanced manufacture field, be specifically related to the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) two step manufacturing process of the fine and close part of a kind of high temperature alloy.
Technical background
Some key components and parts in aerospace field are often processed by difficult-to-machine materials such as high temperature alloys (nickel-base alloy, titanium-base alloy), adopt conventional method processing and are shaped, and technology difficulty is large, and waste of material is many, and manufacturing cost is high.
Ni-based titanium group high temperature alloy, because it has good fracture toughness, anti-fatigue performance, hot corrosion resistance and good elevated temperature strength, is the irreplaceable moulding material of Aero-Space high temperature hot-end component.Yet the alloying of high temperature alloy complexity causes again in casting, forging process, component segregation is serious, mechanical property is disperseed, thermal process performance worsens.If employing machine-tooled method, not only manufactures difficulty but also can slattern a large amount of precious materials, labyrinth even cannot be manufactured.Utilize the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) method can monolithic molding complex parts, and there is good comprehensive mechanical performance.
High temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) is that a kind of powder growing up the fifties in last century is fixed, moulding and heat treated new technology, it is by by high temperature (700～2000 ℃), high pressure (70～200MPa) medium acts on the whole surface of material equably, thereby makes material production fixed.The double dominant of the integrated powder metallurgy of this technology and cold isostatic compaction, the moulding of powder and the synthetic step of sintering two step operations are carried out, and can reach fine and close state through the goods of high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) compacting, substantially can eliminate internal porosity, material property each to identical, thereby improved significantly the performance of product.
High temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) near-net-shape technique combines PM technique and Modern Mold technology, utilize high temperature and high pressure dusty material is carried out completely densified in, can go out the complex parts that performance reaches homogeneity forging level by whole near-net-shape, not only can overcome a unmanageable difficult problem, but also can increase substantially the utilization rate of precious materials, thereby reduce the manufacturing cost of part.
The whole near-net-shape process route of high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) is as follows: first, design and produce metal (generally the adopting mild steel) jacket after machine simulation as calculated and optimization; Then, load therein metal dust the consolidation of part to be formed; Then, vacuumize and seal and implement high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) (hot isostatic pressing, HIP); Finally, remove jacket, just can acquire fine and close part.
The size of the fine and close part finally obtaining is directly determined by the jacket designing.Wherein the selection of sheath material is particularly important.Sheath material is selected to observe following basic principle: (1) jacket should have cocksure air-tightness; (2) do not press material reaction with quilt; (3) there are suitable intensity and good plasticity; (4) easily shape, easily peel off; (5) there is good economic actual effect. based on these principles, the selection of sheath material has been subject to certain restriction.
At present, what high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) jacket major part adopted is mild steel, because the good processability of mild steel, after high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), easily remove, price is also more cheap, but because the high-temperature yield strength of mild steel is lower, while being used as the control shape part in jacket, under high temperature and high pressure environment, there is larger deformation, be difficult to guarantee original shape, can not guarantee dimensional accuracy and the form accuracy of last formation of parts.
In addition, in the labyrinth and long straight structure of part, powder is more difficult under the driving force of jacket distortion reaches fine and close, easily produces hole, makes part performance not reach requirement.If intensified pressure increases driving force, may make jacket be out of shape excessive and ftracture.So in high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) formation of parts, there is hole defect in complex structure part and long straight part.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) secondary forming method of the fine and close part of a kind of high temperature alloy, the method can guarantee form accuracy and the dimensional accuracy of part, and make part there is high-compactness, can access the part that geomery and performance all meet the demands.
The manufacturing process of the fine and close part of a kind of high temperature alloy provided by the invention, the method adopts lower temperature or pressure to carry out high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) for the first time to the superalloy powder with jacket, obtain density higher than 90% and without the part pressed compact of interconnected pore, then remove the jacket after first step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), adopt again conventional heat and other static pressuring processes parameter to carry out high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) for the second time to part pressed compact, obtain the fine and close part of required high temperature alloy.
The present invention is the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) high temperature alloy part that is shaped in two steps, first step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) adopts lower temperature or pressure, control shape die deformation is little, guarantees form accuracy and the dimensional accuracy of part, only needs to guarantee that pressed compact density after high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) is higher than 90% and without interconnected pore; Remove the jacket after first step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), its part pressed compact is carried out to high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) for the second time, second step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) adopts conventional heat and other static pressuring processes parameter, at such temperature, structure property and density are best, and the form accuracy that is shaped is thus high, the part that structure property is good.Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) adopt more conventional metal material as jacket, cost is low, good processability, and easily remove after high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP);
(2) first step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) is selected lower temperature or pressure, can guarantee to be wrapped in and in first step forming process, still there is good plasticity and higher yield strength: good plasticity can make outer wrap deformation tendency flow of powder, guarantee the shaping of part blank, reached higher density; Higher yield strength can guarantee that jacket control shape partly has certain intensity, plays the effect of control shape, has guaranteed the size accuracy of part blank.
(3) while being shaped due to second step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), there is no the constraint of jacket, be not subject to the restriction of shape and sheath material intensity and the plasticity of jacket, hip temperature can be chosen conventional temperature and pressure, under this temperature and pressure, not only can be organized preferably, but also increased the density of part, be eliminated the defects such as internal void.
(4) adopt the inventive method shaping high temperature alloy part, stock utilization is high, and technique is simple, low cost, low energy consumption, high efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the inventive method first step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) shaping schematic diagram, wherein, (a) for the first step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) mould pressure process figure that heats, (b) be the die drawing after first step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), is (c) to remove the part blank after jacket after first step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP); 1 is jacket wall, and 2 is high temperature alloy, and 3 is hole, and 4 is control shape core;
Fig. 2 is this inventive method second step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) shaping schematic diagram, wherein, (d) part blank obtaining for first step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), (e) is the pressure process figure that heats of second step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), (f) the final part for obtaining after second step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP);
Fig. 3 needs the leaf dish part that makes in example one;
Fig. 4 is the control shape core of leaf dish of being shaped in example one leaf dish mould;
Fig. 5 is the leaf dish die drawing of example one, and wherein, 5 is jacket upper cover, and 6 is control shape upper cover, and 7 is jacket outer wall, and 4 is control shape core, and 8 is control shape lower cover, and 9 is jacket lower cover, and 10 is jacket inwall;
Fig. 6 is the straight excellent die drawing of the length of example two, and wherein, 2 is high temperature alloy (Ni625 powder), and 4 is control shape core, and 5 is jacket upper cover, and 7 is jacket outer wall, and 9 is jacket lower cover, and 11 is exhaust tube, and 12 is steel wool.
The specific embodiment
Method of the present invention adopts that price is low, more common, the material of good processability is as high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) jacket, first select temperature and pressure to carry out high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) lower than the technique of normal condition, guarantee that density reaches more than 90%, this time control shape die deformation is less, has guaranteed form accuracy and the dimensional accuracy of part; Then remove jacket and obtain part blank, re-use the condition that temperature and pressure is higher and carry out high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), eliminate the hole in part blank, make part reach full densification, obtain the part that required geomery and performance all meet the demands.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) secondary forming method of the fine and close part of a kind of high temperature alloy provided by the invention, comprises the steps:
The 1st step designs the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) shaping jacket of part to be formed, and design comprises the selection of jacket control shape part material, the material of conventionally answering that Choice and process performance is good, easily removing after high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP);
The 2nd step is welded jacket, and the main body of jacket need to be welded into integral body by end cap upper and lower with it, to be assembled into a sealing only with the jacket of aspirating hole;
The 3rd step is hunted leak to jacket, if be sheathed with gas leak phenomenon, needs again jacket and the soldering and sealing of end cap junction, till air tight, if air tight, directly carries out next step;
The 4th step packs alloy powder into toward jacket inside, and reality is shaken in vibrations;
After the 5th step vacuumizes jacket, by exhaust tube soldering and sealing, thereby obtain pressed compact;
The 6th step is determined the technological parameter that first step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) is shaped, choose temperature lower than conventional high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) condition or/and pressure, pressed compact obtained in the previous step is implemented to hip treatment, and the technological parameter of choosing should guarantee that part blank density is more than 90%;
The described temperature of choosing is preferably 0.4～0.5 times of dusty material fusing point, and described pressure is preferably 70MPa～100MPa.
After the 7th step first step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), adopt the method for machined and pickling to remove jacket, obtain part blank;
Whether the 8th step is measured the density of part blank with drainage, check part blank density obtained in the previous step more than 90% and without interconnected pore;
The 9th step is determined the technological parameter that second step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) is shaped, and chooses conventional high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) condition, and part blank is implemented to hip treatment, and with this understanding, pressed compact density can approach 100%;
In conventional heat and other static pressuring processes, temperature is generally 0.5～0.7 times of dusty material fusing point, and pressure is 100～120MPa.
The 10th step is taken out part after high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) burner hearth is cooling, can obtain final required part.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described further.At this, it should be noted that, for the explanation of these embodiments, be used for helping to understand the present invention, but do not form limitation of the invention.In addition,, in each embodiment of described the present invention, involved technical characterictic just can not combine mutually as long as do not form each other conflict.
Example 1:
This is for using the present invention to manufacture the example of titanium alloy (Ti6A14V, TC4) leaf dish (Fig. 3):
The technological parameter of the conventional high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) of titanium alloy is: 950 ℃ of temperature, pressure 120MPa.Under this temperature and pressure, the structure property of part is good, and density is high, but under this HTHP, the distortion of control shape mould is very large, and the part shape precision and the dimensional accuracy that finally obtain are often lower.
Under this background, use the present invention to address the above problem.Concrete steps are as follows:
(1) according to Element Design high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) shaping jacket, select No. 20 steel as sheath material, control shape core (Fig. 4) adopts mach method to make;
(2) jacket is welded, mould control shape part is welded into integral body with upper and lower end cap, to be assembled into a sealing only with the jacket of aspirating hole;
(3) jacket is hunted leak, after guaranteeing that jacket is air tight, toward jacket inside, pack TC4 alloy powder into, and reality is shaken in vibrations;
(4) by blast pipe to vacuumizing in jacket, in vacuum, be about 10
-3during Pa, blast pipe is flattened, make its sealing, thereby obtain pressed compact as shown in Figure 5 with welding or fusing, wherein, 1 is upper cover, and 2 is control shape upper cover, and 3 is jacket outer wall, and 4 is control shape core, and 5 is control shape lower cover, and 6 is lower cover, and 7 is jacket inwall;
(5) pressed compact is put into high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) stove, heated pressurized treatments.Under high temperature and uniform pressure-acting, the density of base substrate is reached more than 90%, physical dimension and shape all meet the requirements;
First step heat and other static pressuring processes process is:
With the speed of 10 ℃/min, temperature is risen to 800 ℃ from room temperature, insulation 3h; Then the speed with 2MPa/min is elevated to 120MPa by pressure, heat-insulation pressure keeping 3h under 800 ℃ and 120MPa condition; Cooling release.
(6), when high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) burner hearth is cooled to room temperature, pressed compact is taken out.Adopt the method for machined and pickling to remove metal jacket, obtain part pressed compact;
(7) part pressed compact is put into high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) stove, heat pressurized treatments.Under high temperature and uniform pressure-acting, the density of base substrate is reached more than 99%, eliminate hole;
Second step heat and other static pressuring processes process is:
With the speed of 10 ℃/min, temperature is risen to 950 ℃ from room temperature, insulation 3h; Then the speed with 2MPa/min is elevated to 120MPa by pressure, heat-insulation pressure keeping 3h under 950 ℃ and 120MPa condition; Cooling release.
(8) when high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) burner hearth is cooled to room temperature, pressed compact is taken out, obtain being the leaf dish part finally meeting the demands.
The leaf dish part density that said method makes reaches 99.4%, and dimensional accuracy and form accuracy are high, uniform microstructure, the defects such as pore-free, hole.
Example 2:
This is for using the present invention to manufacture the example of the long straight rod of nickel-base alloy (Ni625) (Fig. 6):
The technological parameter of the conventional high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) of nickel-base alloy is: 1050 ℃ of temperature, pressure 120MPa.While being shaped long straight rod under this technique, the yield strength of control shape mold materials is very low, and distortion is large, can not guarantee the dimensional accuracy of formation of parts, and the straight structure of this length also exists and is difficult to fill fine and close problem.
Under this background, use the present invention to address the above problem.Concrete steps are as follows:
(1) according to Element Design high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) shaping jacket, select No. 20 steel as sheath material;
(2) jacket is welded, mould control shape part is welded into integral body with upper and lower end cap, to be assembled into a sealing only with the jacket of aspirating hole;
(3) jacket is hunted leak, after guaranteeing that jacket is air tight, toward jacket inside, pack Ni625 alloy powder into, and reality is shaken in vibrations;
(4) by blast pipe to vacuumizing in jacket, in vacuum, be about 10
-3during Pa, blast pipe is flattened, make its sealing, thereby obtain pressed compact as shown in Figure 6 with welding or fusing, wherein, 1 is exhaust tube, and 2 is jacket upper cover, and 3 is steel wool, and 4 is jacket wall, and 5 is Ni625 powder, and 6 is control shape core, and 7 is jacket lower cover;
(5) pressed compact is put into high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) stove, heated pressurized treatments.Under high temperature and uniform pressure-acting, the density of base substrate is reached more than 90%, physical dimension and shape all meet the requirements;
First step heat and other static pressuring processes process is:
With the speed of 10 ℃/min, temperature is risen to 850 ℃ from room temperature, insulation 20min; Then the speed with 2MPa/min is elevated to 80MPa by pressure, with the speed of 5 ℃/min, temperature is risen to 1050 ℃ from 850 ℃ simultaneously; Heat-insulation pressure keeping 3h under 1050 ℃ and 80MPa condition; Cooling release.
(6), when high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) burner hearth is cooled to room temperature, pressed compact is taken out.Adopt the method for machined and pickling to remove metal jacket, obtain part pressed compact;
(7) part pressed compact is put into high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) stove, heat pressurized treatments.Under high temperature and uniform pressure-acting, the density of base substrate is reached more than 99%, eliminate hole;
Second step heat and other static pressuring processes process is:
With the speed of 10 ℃/min, temperature is risen to 850 ℃ from room temperature, insulation 20min; Then the speed with 2MPa/min is elevated to 120MPa by pressure, with the speed of 5 ℃/min, temperature is risen to 1050 ℃ from 850 ℃ simultaneously; Heat-insulation pressure keeping 3h under 1050 ℃ and 120MPa condition; Cooling release.
(8) when high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) burner hearth is cooled to room temperature, pressed compact is taken out, obtain being the straight excellent part of the length finally meeting the demands.
The straight excellent part density of length that said method makes reaches 99.1%, and dimensional accuracy and form accuracy are high, uniform microstructure, the defects such as pore-free, hole.
In a word, essence of the present invention is to utilize heat and other static pressuring processes conditional parameter that two steps the are different high temperature alloy part that is shaped: first use lower temperature or pressure, guarantee that control shape die deformation is little, obtain the part pressed compact that density is greater than 90%, now the form accuracy of pressed compact and dimensional accuracy are high, have part hole; And then using conventional technological parameter (temperature and pressure), the hole after elimination first step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) in pressed compact, makes part entirely fine and close.The part obtaining like this, good structure property and the high-compactness of existing common process, have again common process be beyond one's reach form accuracy and dimensional accuracy.
The present invention is not only confined to the above-mentioned specific embodiment; persons skilled in the art are according to content disclosed by the invention; can adopt other multiple specific embodiment to implement the present invention; therefore; every employing design of the present invention and thinking; do some simple designs that change or change, all fall into the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. the manufacturing process of the fine and close part of a high temperature alloy, the method adopts lower temperature or pressure to carry out high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) for the first time to the superalloy powder with jacket, obtain density higher than 90% and without the part pressed compact of interconnected pore, then remove the jacket after first step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), adopt again conventional heat and other static pressuring processes parameter to carry out high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) for the second time to part pressed compact, obtain the fine and close part of required high temperature alloy; Described lower temperature or pressure refer to temperature or the pressure lower than conventional high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) condition.
2. manufacturing process according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the method specifically comprises the steps:
The 1st step designs the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) shaping jacket of part to be formed;
The 2nd step is welded jacket, forms a sealing and only with the integral body of aspirating hole;
The 3rd step is hunted leak to jacket, if be sheathed with gas leak phenomenon, needs again jacket and the soldering and sealing of end cap junction, till air tight, if air tight, directly carries out next step;
The 4th step packs alloy powder into toward jacket inside, and reality is shaken in vibrations;
After the 5th step vacuumizes jacket, by exhaust tube soldering and sealing, thereby obtain pressed compact;
The 6th step is determined the technological parameter that first step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) is shaped, choose temperature lower than conventional high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) condition or/and pressure, pressed compact obtained in the previous step is implemented to hip treatment, and the technological parameter of choosing should guarantee that part blank density is more than 90%;
After the 7th step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), remove jacket, obtain part blank;
The density of the 8th pacing amount part blank, selects part blank density more than 90%, and without the part blank of interconnected pore;
The 9th step is determined the technological parameter that second step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) is shaped, and chooses conventional high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) condition, and part blank is implemented to hip treatment, and with this understanding, pressed compact density can approach 100%;
The 10th step is taken out part after high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) burner hearth is cooling, obtains final required part.
3. the manufacturing process of the fine and close part of high temperature alloy according to claim 2, is characterized in that, in the 6th described step, when the first step is shaped, described in the temperature chosen be 0.4～0.5 times of dusty material fusing point, described pressure is 70MPa～100MPa.
4. according to the manufacturing process of the fine and close part of the high temperature alloy described in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, during second step high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) is shaped, temperature is 0.5～0.7 times of dusty material fusing point, and pressure is 100～120MPa.
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| CN104057087B (en) * | 2014-07-02 | 2016-01-20 | 钢铁研究总院 | The control method of powder jacket uniform shrinkage is filled in hot isostatic pressing |
| CN105772726A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2016-07-20 | 华中科技大学 | Hot isostatic pressure near-net forming method for semi-solid complex difficult-machining compact piece |
| CN104625066B (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2017-09-29 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of method for preparing alloy material of high niobium-titanium-aluminum using two step pressure infiltrations |
| CN106271012A (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2017-01-04 | 宁波江丰电子材料股份有限公司 | Hot isostatic press welding method |
| CN106513685B (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2019-09-20 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of nearly molten state hot isostatic pressing net-shape method of powder |
| CN106735171A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-31 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of titanium aluminium pre-alloyed powder puts hydrogen and two step dehydrogenation high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) manufacturing process |
| CN108421980B (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2019-07-19 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of hot isostatic pressing manufacturing process based on increasing material manufacturing |
| CN109079141B (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2020-11-20 | 航天材料及工艺研究所 | Outer sheath and method for eliminating structural size deviation of rib in powder metallurgy component |
| CN113651642A (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2021-11-16 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | Preparation method of compact component |
| CN111036916B (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2022-03-08 | 安泰天龙钨钼科技有限公司 | Preparation method of rhenium alloy crucible |
| CN111014930B (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2022-01-18 | 有研亿金新材料有限公司 | Two-step hot isostatic pressing diffusion welding method for tungsten target assembly |
| CN110983264B (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2022-11-15 | 有研亿金新材料(山东)有限公司 | Preparation method of high-density fine-grain easily-formed W target |
| CN111534768B (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2021-08-03 | 中北大学 | Hierarchical hot isostatic pressing method for Cu-containing cast Al-Si-Mg aluminum alloy casting |
| CN112338189B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2023-02-03 | 航天材料及工艺研究所 | Forming precision control method for I-like structure powder metallurgy component |
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| DE3582066D1 (en) * | 1984-10-26 | 1991-04-11 | Agency Ind Science Techn | METHOD FOR PRODUCING SUPER HEAT-STABLE ALLOY MATERIAL. |
| JP3479738B2 (en) * | 1998-11-16 | 2003-12-15 | 株式会社アライドマテリアル | Semiconductor package and method of manufacturing heat dissipation substrate used therein |
| CN101823286B (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2011-12-21 | 刘先兵 | Method for molding large ceramic element through two steps by using cold isostatic pressing |
| CN102126023B (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2012-09-05 | 北京航空航天大学 | Powder hot isostatic pressing (HIP) forming method for titanium (Ti) alloy blisk |
| CN102672174A (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2012-09-19 | 华中科技大学 | Method for manufacturing integral annular case part by using hot isostatic pressing process |
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