CN103098727B - Method using mineral salts to prevent and cure protozoa diseases of naked carp fries in Qinghai Lake - Google Patents
Method using mineral salts to prevent and cure protozoa diseases of naked carp fries in Qinghai Lake Download PDFInfo
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- CN103098727B CN103098727B CN201310008806.0A CN201310008806A CN103098727B CN 103098727 B CN103098727 B CN 103098727B CN 201310008806 A CN201310008806 A CN 201310008806A CN 103098727 B CN103098727 B CN 103098727B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention belongs to the pest control technical field of diseases of naked carps in the Qinghai Lake and particularly relates to a method using mineral salts to prevent and cure protozoa diseases of the naked carp fries in the Qinghai Lake. The method using the mineral salts to prevent and cure the protozoa diseases of the naked carp fries in the Qinghai Lake is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) a step of preparation of a slow flowing water rearing pond, wherein the facility using flowing water to rear the fries is a fish feeding trough which is 1.5 meters to 4.5 meters long, 0.2 meter to 1.2 meters wide and 0.05 meter to 0.8 meter deep, wherein four fish feeding discs which are 0.2 meter to 4 meters long, 0.2 meter to 4 meters wide and 0.05 to 0.4 meter deep and arranged along the trough are placed in the fish feeding trough; (2) a step of prevention and treatment of the protozoa diseases, wherein the mineral salts are mineral raw salts produced in a salt lake, the particle diameter is 0.5 meter to 1.0 meter, rearing flowing water with the needed mineral salt crude salt concentration is prepared, the rearing flowing water is prepared as saline water with the mineral salt crude salt concentration of 0.8%o to 1.2%o, and the mineral salt crude salt concentration of the rearing flowing water is increased by 2%o every 24 hours until the highest concentration of 14%o to 16%o is reached. After one course of treatment, the symptoms of the ill fries disappear and the recovery rate is more than 90%. The fries are active in swimming, fresh in body color and normal in food intake.
Description
one, technical field:the invention belongs to Gymnocypris prezewalskii techniques of pest control field, particularly under a kind of artificial miniflow water condition, use the method for mineral salt control Qinghai lake naked carp larva protozoosis.
two, background technology:
Qinghai Lake is the inland lake of Largest In China, is located in Qinghai-Tibet northeast.360 kilometers of girths, long 104 kilometers of thing, north and south is wide 62 kilometers, 3193.67 meters of water surface absolute elevations, area of lake is 4273.6 square kilometres.16 meters of Qinghai Lake mean depth of water, maximum water depth is 27 meters, reservoir storage reaches 739 billion cubic meters.
Gymnocypris prezewalskii is aquatic endangered species unique in Qinghai Lake, core status in Qinghai Lake " ichthyornis symbiosis " ecosystem, within 1964, by aquatic products portion, classified as the important or famous and precious aquatic animal of China, in the < < aquatic resources protection of propagation regulations > > being issued by State Council in February, 1979, list object of protection in, within 2004, by the Chinese environmental development international cooperation committee, in < < China species Red List > >, classified as endangered species.
Since the seventies in last century, because drought warms, river course comes that the water yield falls sharply, overfishing, spawning ground are dry, causes the degradation of naked carp stock number.Gymnocypris prezewalskii stock number, by 320,000 tons of initial stage of development 1958, falls sharply to 0.26 ten thousand ton of calendar year 2001.Qinghai Lake has lost fishery and has been worth, and Gymnocypris prezewalskii is in Endangered status.Since nineteen eighty-two to 2010 year, the Qinghai Province People's Government sends to notice and Qinghai Lake has been carried out to the envelope lake of four times educates fish policy.For up to 22 years.At present, Qinghai Lake is educated the fish phase in the 5th time (in December, 2010～the year two thousand twenty December) 10 years envelope lakes.
Gymnocypris prezewalskii is the extremely strong aquatic animal of resistance.Annual 4～July, row anadromy, produced demersal egg at place, gravel river shoal conventionally, and fertility is low, generally inhabits lower floor in water body, omnivorousness, poor growth, approximately 0.5 kilogram of weightening finish in every 10 years.The fertility of naked carp is also lower, and its absolute fish brood amount is at 6912～35189, and fish brood amount is 24～38/Ke ﹒ body weight relatively.Gymnocypris prezewalskii is the peculiar indigenous fish in Qinghai-Tibet Platean, is the good strategic Fish Germplasm Resources of country.
Gymnocypris prezewalskii fine and tender taste, plumpness, taste are extremely delicious and nutritious, protein content is high, 8 kinds of necessary amino acid are complete, and contain and enrich unsaturated fatty acid, brain tonic content of material is abundant, since exploitation, has been Qinghai Province and the important aquatic products of surrounding area agriculture fisherman.Gymnocypris prezewalskii fertilized egg when 16 ℃ of water temperatures, through 136 hours ruptures of membranes, the membrane prelarva bottom of lying on one's side, health is transparent, relies on the capable autotrophy of self-contained yolk sac to grow, after 72 hours, yolk sac absorbs complete, fat inflation, body surface pigment increases, the swimming of fry floating beginning level, and the extraneous agreeable to the taste bait of initial feeding, now body total length reaches 1.4～2.0 centimetres, and shape, as the awn of wheat, is commonly called as " spray " fry.Water quality, dissolved oxygen, food organisms and harmful animal are the Main Factors of its existence growth.Naked carp artificial releasing station at north shore of Qinghai lake salix monogolica riverside, annual fry rearing work is to carry out in artificial high density breeding groove, the method of utilizing miniflow water planting to educate makes it reach " crow is young " specification, is also that body total length reaches 1.5～2.6 centimetres, this time of three weeks of process need.Afterwards, transport Xining back and carry out 1 in man-made pond(pool)
+nurture of fish fingerlings work in age.During this time, the disease being caused by protozoa occurs often, and be explosive and infect, little melonworm, oblique tube insect, Trichodina etc. are the keys of survival rate of fish fry, if fish disease three～five day time of outburst, the visible causal organism of microscopy fish body spreads all over whole body, cause fry rearing survival rate for " zero ", how preventing and treating the damage by disease and insect of these Gymnocypris prezewalskii hatchings, make their healthy growths, is one of current scientific research personnel's problem demanding prompt solution.
three, summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is for above shortcomings in prior art, and a kind of method of using mineral salt control Qinghai lake naked carp larva protozoosis of research and design, the advantage of the method is: use mineral salt in its flowing water cultivating process, to prevent and treat protozoosis, it is the key that guarantees fry rearing survival rate, also be the best method of preventing and treating of the current Qinghai lake naked carp larva protozoosis of exploring, in the micro-saltwater environment increasing progressively in concentration, sick fish symptom takes a turn for the better gradually, through after the course for the treatment of, suffer from fish transference cure, cure rate is more than 90%.Fry moves about vivaciously, body colour is vivid, ingest normal.
Technical scheme is: use the method characteristic of mineral salt control Qinghai lake naked carp larva protozoosis to be: (one). miniflow water planting is educated the preparation in pond, the facility that uses flowing water to cultivate fry is long 1.5-4.5 rice, wide 0.2-1.2 rice, dark 0.05-0.8 rice raise fish groove, built-in each 0.2-4 rice of four length and width, dark 0.05-0.4 rice crossheading is arranged raises fish dish, every dish is contained prelarva seedling 2.5-5.5 ten thousand tails, cultivate flowing water by an inflow after filtering of groove, after each dish of crossfire, flow out, cultivating flowing water flow is 80-130 liter per hour, fry is fed by the open-mouthed bait of manually throwing something and feeding, cultivate flowing water through sedimentation and filtration, flow into again each breeding groove, (2). the control of protozoosis, mineral salt is the mineral salt crude salt that produce in salt lake, 0.5～1.0 centimetre of particle diameter, adopt the method for nature dissolution of minerals salt crude salt, prepare the cultivation flowing water of the former salinity of needed mineral salt, fry is after membrane 5-10 days, it is the salt solution of 0.8-1.2 ‰ that cultivation flowing water is mixed with containing the former salinity of mineral salt, every 24 hours, increase progressively cultivate flowing water containing two one-tenth of a percentage point of the former salinity of mineral salt, to maximum concentration 14-16 ‰ be a course for the treatment of, the concentration that the cultivation flowing water that extremely after this successively decreases gradually contains mineral salt crude salt is to 2-4 ‰, during control, guarantee to cultivate flowing water water quality, the Survival Factors such as dissolved oxygen, carry out every record.The mineral salt crude salt that produce in salt lake, is commonly called as lake salt, and its chemical composition is mainly Na
+, K
+, Mg
2+, Ca
2+, Cl
+, sulfate ion, carbanion, bicarbonate ion etc.
In the micro-saltwater environment increasing progressively in concentration, sick fish symptom takes a turn for the better gradually, through after the course for the treatment of, suffers from fish transference cure, and cure rate is more than 90%, and fry moves about vivaciously, body colour is vivid, ingest normal.
Technical characterstic is that technological process is clear simple and direct, workable; Treatment raw material is gathered materials on the spot, nontoxic, harmless, has no side effect, cheap, ecological, environmental protective; Can treat the Gymnocypris prezewalskii membrane prelarva various diseases that protozoon cause of disease causes, to suffering from fish, water body is all pollution-free.
four, embodiment:
Embodiment 1: the method for cultivation is: (one). and miniflow water planting is educated the preparation in pond, the facility that uses flowing water to cultivate fry is long 1.5 meters, wide 0.2 meter, dark 0.05 meter raise fish groove, each 0.2 meter of built-in four length and width, dark 0.05 meter of crossheading are arranged raises fish dish, every dish is contained prelarva seedling 2.5 ten thousand tails, cultivate flowing water by an inflow after filtering of groove, after each dish of crossfire, flow out, cultivating flowing water flow is 80 liters per hour, fry is fed by the open-mouthed bait of manually throwing something and feeding, and cultivates flowing water through sedimentation and filtration, then flows into each breeding groove; (2). the control of protozoosis, mineral salt is the mineral salt crude salt that Qinghai Chaka Salt lake produces, 0.5 centimetre of particle diameter, adopt the method for nature dissolution of minerals salt crude salt, prepare the cultivation flowing water of the former salinity of needed mineral salt, fry is at membrane after 5 days, the flowing water salt solution that to be mixed with containing the former salinity of mineral salt be 0.8 ‰ will be cultivated, every 24 hours, increase progressively cultivate flowing water containing two one-tenth of a percentage point of the former salinity of mineral salt, to maximum concentration 14 ‰ be a course for the treatment of, to after this successively decreasing gradually, cultivate flowing water containing the concentration to 2 ‰ of mineral salt crude salt.During control, guarantee to cultivate the Survival Factors such as flowing water water quality, dissolved oxygen, carry out every record.
Embodiment 2: the method for cultivation is: (one). and miniflow water planting is educated the preparation in pond, the facility that uses flowing water to cultivate fry is long 4.5 meters, wide 1.2 meters, dark 0.8 meter raise fish groove, each 4 meters of built-in four length and width, dark 0.4 meter of crossheading are arranged raises fish dish, every dish is contained prelarva seedling 5.5 ten thousand tails, cultivate flowing water by an inflow after filtering of groove, after each dish of crossfire, flow out, cultivating flowing water flow is per hour 130, fry is fed by the open-mouthed bait of manually throwing something and feeding, and cultivates flowing water through sedimentation and filtration, then flows into each breeding groove, (2). the control of protozoosis, mineral salt is the mineral salt crude salt that Qinghai Hoh Yanhu produces, 1.0 centimetres of particle diameters, adopt the method for nature dissolution of minerals salt crude salt, prepare the cultivation flowing water of the former salinity of needed mineral salt, fry is at membrane after 10 days, the flowing water salt solution that to be mixed with containing the former salinity of mineral salt be 1.2 ‰ will be cultivated, every 24 hours, increase progressively cultivate flowing water containing two one-tenth of a percentage point of the former salinity of mineral salt, to maximum concentration 16 ‰ be a course for the treatment of, to after this successively decreasing gradually, cultivate flowing water containing the concentration to 4 ‰ of mineral salt crude salt, during control, guarantee to cultivate flowing water water quality, the Survival Factors such as dissolved oxygen, carry out every record.
Embodiment 3: the method for cultivation is: (one). and miniflow water planting is educated the preparation in pond, the facility that uses flowing water to cultivate fry is long 3.0 meters, wide 0.8 meter, dark 0.25 meter raise fish groove, each 3.0 meters of built-in four length and width, dark 0.3 meter of crossheading are arranged raises fish dish, every dish is contained prelarva seedling 3.5 ten thousand tails, cultivate flowing water by an inflow after filtering of groove, after each dish of crossfire, flow out, cultivating flowing water flow is 100 liters per hour, fry is fed by the open-mouthed bait of manually throwing something and feeding, and cultivates flowing water through sedimentation and filtration, then flows into each breeding groove, (2). the control of protozoosis, mineral salt is the mineral salt crude salt that Qinghai Chaerhan salt lakes is produced, 0.8 centimetre of particle diameter, adopt the method for nature dissolution of minerals salt crude salt, prepare the cultivation flowing water of the former salinity of needed mineral salt, fry is at membrane after 7 days, the flowing water salt solution that to be mixed with containing the former salinity of mineral salt be 1.0 ‰ will be cultivated, every 24 hours, increase progressively cultivate flowing water containing two one-tenth of a percentage point of the former salinity of mineral salt, to maximum concentration 15 ‰ be a course for the treatment of, the concentration that the cultivation flowing water that extremely after this successively decreases gradually contains mineral salt crude salt is to 2-4 ‰, during control, guarantee to cultivate flowing water water quality, the Survival Factors such as dissolved oxygen, carry out every record.
Claims (1)
1. a method of using mineral salt control Qinghai lake naked carp larva protozoosis, it is characterized in that: (one). miniflow water planting is educated the preparation in pond, the facility that uses flowing water to cultivate fry is long 1.5-4.5 rice, wide 0.2-1.2 rice, dark 0.05-0.8 rice raise fish groove, built-in each 0.2-4 rice of four length and width, dark 0.05-0.4 rice crossheading is arranged raises fish dish, every dish is contained prelarva seedling 2.5-5.5 ten thousand tails, cultivate flowing water by an inflow after filtering of groove, after each dish of crossfire, flow out, cultivating flowing water flow is 80-130 liter per hour, fry is fed by the open-mouthed bait of manually throwing something and feeding, cultivate flowing water through sedimentation and filtration, flow into again each breeding groove, (2). the control of protozoosis, mineral salt is the mineral salt crude salt that produce in salt lake, 0.5～1.0 centimetre of particle diameter, adopt the method for nature dissolution of minerals salt crude salt, prepare the cultivation flowing water of the former salinity of needed mineral salt, fry is after membrane 5-10 days, it is the salt solution of 0.8-1.2 ‰ that cultivation flowing water is mixed with containing the former salinity of mineral salt, every 24 hours, increase progressively cultivate flowing water containing two one-tenth of a percentage point of the former salinity of mineral salt, to maximum concentration 14-16 ‰ be a course for the treatment of, the concentration that the cultivation flowing water that extremely after this successively decreases gradually contains mineral salt crude salt is to 2-4 ‰, during control, guarantee to cultivate flowing water water quality, dissolved oxygen, make a record.
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| JPH06284835A (en) * | 1992-06-16 | 1994-10-11 | Riyouyou Sangyo Kk | Method for curing fish disease and apparatus therefor |
| JP2006288234A (en) * | 2005-04-07 | 2006-10-26 | Hiroshima Pref Gov | Disease-resistant rearing method for fry of marine fish |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101703022A (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2010-05-12 | 史建全 | Artificial propagation and releasing technology of Gymnocypris przewalskii |
| CN102106286A (en) * | 2011-01-24 | 2011-06-29 | 史建全 | Method for culturing gymnocypris przewalskii 1+ year fingerling in pond |
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