CN1030886A - 内装绕组的塑料部件焊接方法与机器 - Google Patents

内装绕组的塑料部件焊接方法与机器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1030886A
CN1030886A CN88104371A CN88104371A CN1030886A CN 1030886 A CN1030886 A CN 1030886A CN 88104371 A CN88104371 A CN 88104371A CN 88104371 A CN88104371 A CN 88104371A CN 1030886 A CN1030886 A CN 1030886A
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Prior art keywords
winding
temperature
parts
welding
electric energy
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麦克斯·尼斯伯尤曼
依里科·费得斯皮尔
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Engie SA
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Gaz de France SA
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/342Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/24Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools characterised by the means for heating the tool
    • B29C65/30Electrical means
    • B29C65/32Induction
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114Single butt joints
    • B29C66/1142Single butt to butt joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5221Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91221Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91411Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91441Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature the temperature being non-constant over time
    • B29C66/91443Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature the temperature being non-constant over time following a temperature-time profile
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B29C66/91641Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux the heat or the thermal flux being non-constant over time
    • B29C66/91643Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux the heat or the thermal flux being non-constant over time following a heat-time profile
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B29C66/91651Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating
    • B29C66/91653Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating by controlling or regulating the voltage, i.e. the electric potential difference or electric tension
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B29C66/91651Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating
    • B29C66/91655Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating by controlling or regulating the current intensity
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B29C66/91921Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B29C66/91951Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to time, e.g. temperature-time diagrams
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/96Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process
    • B29C66/961Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process involving a feedback loop mechanism, e.g. comparison with a desired value
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00Control of temperature
    • G05D23/19Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D23/1951Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with control of the working time of a temperature controlling device
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/94Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time
    • B29C66/944Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time by controlling or regulating the time
    • B29C66/9441Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time by controlling or regulating the time the time being controlled or regulated as a function of another parameter
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/95Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B29C66/959Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 characterised by specific values or ranges of said specific variables
    • B29C66/9592Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 characterised by specific values or ranges of said specific variables in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. X-Y diagrams

Abstract

本发明涉及对具有内装绕组的塑料部件进行自 动焊接,它不会因焊接温度过高而损伤待焊接的部件 (1、2、3),其中设有用来改变供给绕组之电能的调节 装置(10,15),以便在焊接阶段将绕组的温度保持在: 低于它时不能进行焊接的最低温度与超过它时将损 伤这些部件的最高温度之间。本发明特别适用于由 塑料管道进行受压气体分配系统的制造。

Description

本发明涉及将塑料部件相互自动焊接的方法与机器。
周知在多种用途中,尤其是用在气体分配系统的施工中,当前已越来越经常地采用塑料特别是聚乙烯制作的管道。
这类管道是不能满意地用粘合剂结合在一起的,因而必须将它们焊接,更具体地说需将它们进行热焊接。
愈益广泛应用的一种方法是,通过在其内表面上有绕组的套筒来将一些管道连接起来。
焊接作业按下述方式进行:将此绕组连接一电源,靠焦耳效应加热绕组,而使该套筒与对应的管道融合,由此,实现了焊接。
另一些部件,例如支管与管塞等,也是根据相同原理而接合到相应系统上的。
同时还必须知道,当前已有若干家部件制造厂,对于上述的特别是由聚乙烯制成的部件是采用电焊方式把它们结合起来的。
每一家制造厂都为在可靠条件下焊接它的有关设备拟定了精确的操作规程。
然而这些规程在今天是基于这样一种焊接技术:一方面,用来帮助均匀进行焊接作业的温度读数只取直接实施于待焊接部件的温度读数;另一方面,用电源把电能加到套筒的引线,该电能可以是电压或电流强度,后者的有效值在所建议的整个焊接时间基本上恒定。
将可得知,在整个加热时间内将绕组保持在恒定电压(或电流强度)之下,使会在全部焊接时间内让绕组的温度持续上升。
所以,各家制造厂不得不去精确地定出为能焊接好其有关设备所需的理想工作时间。此外,这样的焊接时间还必须在现场的实际作业中严格遵守。
事实上,上述焊接方法有着各式各样的影响焊接质量的缺点。
当采用的焊接时间过短,温度升高得不充分,焊接的质量就会较差。
当采用的焊接时间过长,就可能要损伤构成待焊接部件的塑料,同时会产生高温而在绕组的线圈间发生短路。
此外已注意到,当管道加工得不完善(不规则或表面划痕太深等)以及待焊接之管道与套筒间存在晃动,此时都会对焊接质量有重要影响。
因此,上述的先有焊接技术在绝大多数情形,都必须把焊接时间作为待焊合部件的初始温度函数去作出校正,或者对套筒绕组的电阻值给出很窄的生产容差。
本发明之目的在于避免上述困难,以使用户能在最佳可能条件下从事焊接,尤其是不会招致由于焊接温度升高到使有关部件因塑性变形而受损伤的温度之上,而损毁待焊合的部件的危险。
为此目的,本发明的方法明确规定为:在焊接阶段,装配在前述套筒内之绕组的温度被保持在下述的最低温度与最高温度之间:低于此最低温度,有关部件不能相互焊合;而此最高温度则相应于使这些部件经一段时间间隔t受到损伤的温度,此时间间隔t为:
logt≥- (A)/(T) +B
其中T为绕组温度,t对应于T1<T<T2的时间,而A与B为相应于焊接参数的常数。
按照上述方法,任何使待焊合部件受到过度加热的风险可以有效地消除,这是因为焊接时间被确定在一最短与最长的时间间隔之间,前者对应于足以使温度升高到可使这些部件相互焊合,后者对应于使这些待焊接的部件过度地熔合。
即将看到,要是本发明的方法付诸实施,上述的焊接时间(即绕阻被加热的时间)将不再是使焊接具备合格质量所必不可少的参数,所以可按下述方式来对它进行选择,使焊接质量几乎完全不受待结合之部件加工结果(如擦伤)或这些部件与套筒间的晃动的影响,甚至不受这些部件初始温度的影响。
此外,本发明的方法对于绕组的电阻值还允许有较宽的生产容差范围,并具有易应用于现有的可电焊之套筒上的优点。
至于实施本发明方法的机器,它的特别之处是具有可调节供给于绕组之电能(电压或强度)的功能,使得焊接阶段的电能能在这段期间内让绕组的温度处于前述的最低与最高焊接温度之间变化。
从下面对照附图以举例方式阐述本发明的三个实施例所作的描述中,将可更清楚地理解本发明。
附图中:
图1为本发明之第一实施例的框图;
图2为本发明之第二实施例的框图;
图3则为本发明之第三实施例的框图;
图4与5为曲线图,它们按照先有工艺中的方法,分别说明了作为时间t之函数的绕组温度T的变化趋势,以及作为时间t之函数的供给于此绕组之电能(电压U或电流强度I)的变化趋势。
图6与7均为曲线图,它们依据本发明的方法,表示了作为时间t之函数的绕组温度T的变化趋势。
图8至10都是曲线图,说明了依据本发明时作为时间t之函数的供给于绕组之电能(电压U或强度I)的变化趋势。
首先参看图1,其中示意地表明了两个例如用聚乙烯塑料制得的管件1与2,它们通过一个同样由聚乙烯制的套管3跨套着管件1与2相互抵靠的端部而热焊在一起。
按常用的方法,套筒3在其内壁的邻近处装配有绕组(未示明),绕组的端部可通到两个电源接线端4与5。
套管3是以一种公知的方式热焊合至管件1与2上,即让电源6供给的电能通过接线端4与5之间,并精确地算出特定的工作时间,以便使这些部件的温度能合适地升高到可保证进行良好热焊接的程度。
以上有关数据主要取决于部件3,尤其是以下参数;套筒的直径、它的壁厚、内装绕组的电阻、套筒的长度、塑料的质量以及所估计的焊接时间ts等。
如图所示,以上参数是储存于机器7的模拟/逻辑单元9的内存储器8之中。
然而,在本发明中,为了能在焊接阶段使紧邻焊接界面的绕组温度严格地保持在最低温度T1(低于它,部件1、2与3不能互相焊 合)与最高温度T2(对应于会使上述部件损伤或熔合过度的温度)之间,此存储器8还包括有与最高允许绕组温度T数值(T1<T<T2)有关的信息。还将看到,以后将参考的其它数据也将储存在存储器8之中。
用任何已知方式将上述信息从存储器8中读出并通过线路11传输,同时以此作为机器内预定数据处理焊接程序的函数,在此基础上,处理部件10将在模拟/逻辑单元9确定出需由功率单元12为套筒3接线端4与5间之加热用绕组的电源线13提供的电能。
如图示,经功率单元12引至电源线13的电能是由电源6所供给的,后者例如可以是电流网络是在现场使用的发电机。
更具体地说,电源6是由电路14连至部件15上,后者用来控制供给绕组的电能(有效电压U或强度I),部件15则由电路25连接到前述处理部件10之上。
这样,电能的调节值已在其中确定并能用其中的微处理机予以控制的上述处理部件10,就可将控制信号传送给功率单元12的调节部件15。
在已知的焊接方法中,在将电能供给绕组时,迄今都是在整个焊接时间ts内将一恒定的有效电压或强度供给于绕组的接线端4与5之间,此时间ts乃是制造厂建议用来使部件1、2与3(参看图5)获得“适当”焊接的全部工作时间。在此整个时间间隔ts(图4)内,绕组的温度持续上升。
在本发明中,调节部件15在处理部件10的控制下,于整个焊接时间ts内将改变和调整供给绕组的电能值,使绕组的温度在焊接阶段保持在温度T1与T2之间。
实际上,部件间界面紧邻区域中绕组的温度在时间间隔t中将控制到使得logt≥ (A)/(T) +B,其中A与B为常数,对应于作为所用塑料材料的函数而采用的焊接参数。由此,对于处在T1与T2间的材料温度T,此温度将大致保持一段时间t,使得待焊接之部件界面处的分子发生位移并在内部充分地互连,而达到高质量的焊接。
于是,这样的焊接在整个焊接阶段将基本上遵从上述的变化规律。
图6与图7阐明了绕组温度在时间间隔ts内依上述规律变化趋势的两个典型例子。
图6表明,此温度首先渐增,然后在T1(极限焊接温度)与T2(损伤材料的温度)间基本上恒定,直到经过时间间隔ts。
相反,在图7中,同样于T1至T2间,这一温度经过一段较长的时间升至一极限值,然后下降,直到时间ts终结。实际上,可以采用三种加到绕阻的调节有效电压和电流强度的方法。
首先,如图8与9所示,处理部件10能够指令调节部件15,首先在时间t1(小于ts)内提供一个大致取常值U1的有效电压U(或有效强度I),然后使其线性地(图8)或非线性地(图9)下降,直至时间ts结束。当然,如果证明这是必须的,则此时间间隔t1实际上可以为零。至此便得以确定出所供给的能量值(U,I)。
如图10所示,相反,当由电源6所供给的电能基本上为零时,在此同一的时间ts内,对于特定的按周期分布的相继时间间隔,还能将供给绕组的有效电压(或有效强度)有选择地例如保持在一恒定值U2。此时的能量将以“钝锯齿状”的形式变化。恰当地说,所达到的能值U、I对于各个钝锯齿形可能是不同的(未图示)。
将会得知,各步骤中相继时间间隔的长短可预以确定和调节,而由此获得所需的绕组极限温度;同样情况也适用于值U1、U2以及表示所供能量呈递降时的曲线之斜度与方程。
根据用来改变供给绕组之能量有效值的方法,这些为进行焊接所必须的数据将储存于存储器8中,使之能由处理部件10处置。在本案特定的情形下,以上数据特别是:能量基本上以恒值供给时的时间t1,能量的下降斜度β(见图8)或非线性递降的曲线(图9),或各控制步骤的相继时间间隔Δti(图10)。
现在参看图2,它说明了本发明之焊接机的另一实施例。
此实施例与上述的不同处在于,它另外还设置有热敏传感器16,后者的温度敏感元件17与套筒3接触,用来测定此部件在焊接开始时的有效温度。此热传感器16是由一电缆18连至机器7,得以将这一附加的温度参数输入此机器的模拟/逻辑单元9中。
更确切地说,热传感器16将它的信号传给一放大器19,经放大的信号到达测量单元20,后者例如为一个模拟/数字变换器,它将相应的测量信号输给处理部件10。根据这一有关存储器8中所含信息和传递给它的测量信号,此处理部件10就能将控制信号经前述的线路25传给功率级12。
在此案中,存储器8将不仅存储有制造厂提供的基本数据(套筒直径、绕组电阻、等等)而且还包含有必须的一些信息(t1、ts,斜度β或Δti、绕组的最高温度TM,等等),以确保供给绕组的电能在焊接时间ts内能按所采用的方式改变(参看图8、9与10),使得绕组的温度能保持在所涉及的范围内,即处于极限控制 温度T1(下限焊接温度)与T2(待焊接部件于受损伤前的极限温度)之间。
再来参看图3,其中示明了本发明之焊接机7的第三个实施例。
在此另一种变型中,焊接机7可通过模拟/逻辑单元9的计算部件21,算出绕组在焊接时间tS内所达到的温度T,以便对供给该绕组之有效值的改变作出调节,据此去获得以后将限制在T1与T2间的一个温度T。
现今,这种计算程序被用于这类焊接机。尽管为此,还要对其主要操作简单地回顾。
套筒3在焊接前的温度T0的附加参数首先由热传感器16记录下来,并将相应的信息供给处理部件10的计算部件21。据此算出绕组的电阻R0。为此可以采用电源6在刚刚加热瞬间所供应的电压与电流强度的初值U0与I0(注意此电阻R0是由关系式RO= (UO)/(IO) 计算)。这些值例如用伏安计27记录下,并由连接模拟/逻辑单元9的线路26经调节部件15传送给计算部件21。也可为套筒3提供低有效值的电压(或强度),进而采用在对此套筒进行焊接之前通过实验所获得的电压与强度值。
由于绕组的电阻R0已知,且存储器8已含有为进行焊接所必须的全部数据,特别是此时的绕组电阻的变化系数值α是温度的函数,因而由模拟/逻辑单元9的计算部件21便可算出此绕组在焊接时的温度T(注意到关系式R= (U)/(I) 以及T = 1/(α) ( (U)/(ROI) - 1)+TO, 故可采用式R=R0〔1+α(T-T0)〕进行计算)。
既然在将部件相互焊接时的绕组温度T已经知道,此机器事实上就能对电源6的电压或电流强度的有效值之变化进行调节,并通过功率级12的调节部件15给以控制,从而得到此绕组能使各部件相互以极高质量焊接的极限温度,而不必担心温度会过度的升高到损伤这些部件的程度。
本发明并不完全局限于所述实施例。
特别是可在机器7外部装设一存储器8,而此种存储器例如是取与待焊接部件相关联的识别卡(未示明)形式。于是还将配备读取这种卡的部件(光笔,磁笔等),用来记录下此识别卡中所含的参数,并把这些参数传送给此机器的模拟/逻辑单元9。
同样地,尽管上面的描述仅仅是对电压或电流强度的调节而言,但也可采用其它的控制形式。具体地说,也可采用一种热敏元件(例如热传感器16),以便在焊接时记录下待焊接部件在界面处的温度。
总之,法国专利2572326号(1984,10月18日提出)中给出了一种焊接机,它在结构上可与上述的利用相应装置来处理由存储器8或恰当地说由热敏传感器16所提供之信息的这种机器相比较。由于本发明的机器可以由上述专利中所说的装置操作,对于此机器内部结构的任何有用细节可以参考该项专利。

Claims (6)

1、由具有自动控制装置的机器,对于有内装绕组之塑料部件通过电加热来对这些部件进行焊接的一种方法,其特征是在焊接阶段,此绕组的温度在下述时间间隔t内,严格地保持在低于它时不能使部件焊接的最低温度T1与相应于不损伤所说部件的最高温度T2之间,此时间间隔t为
logt≥ (A)/(T) +B
式中的t是此绕组温度处在T1与T2间的时间,T为此绕组在该范围内所达到的温度,而A与B则为与焊接参数相应的常数。
2、用来将具有内装绕组之塑料部件(1、2、3)焊接的一种机器,此机器具有为绕组供应电能以加热待焊接之部件的装置16以及用来调节加热时间使之能进行焊接的装置9,其特征在于:此机器包括有调节部件10、15,用来在加热时间ts的第一部分t1内,将供给绕组的电能值调节到一特定的非零值,然后在这一时间间隔的其余期间内使此能量值递降,用以在此焊接阶段使绕组的温度保持在,低于它时不能使部件1、2、3相互焊接的最低温度T1与相应于不损伤所说部件的最高温度T2之间。
3、用来将具有内装绕组之塑料部件1、2、3进行焊接的一种机器,此机器具有为绕组供应电能以加热待焊接之部件的装置6以及用来调节加热时间使之能进行焊接的装置9,其特征在于,此机器包括有调节部件10、15,后者在供给于绕组的电能基本上为零时,能在此加热时间内,对于特定的按周期分布的相续时间间隔,将此所供给的电能保持在一恒定值,而由此使该绕组的温度能保持在,低于它时不能使部件相互焊接的最低温度T1与相应于不损伤此种部件的最高温度T2之间。
4、如权利要求2或3所述的一种机器,其特征在于它还包括有:
存储器8,其中至少存储有为对供给绕组的电能进行上述调节所必须的全部参数;
线路11,用来对存储装置进行读取,并将读取的信息传输给处理部件(10),后者作为此信息的函数确定出所用焊接程序的特点;
用来控制焊接用电源,使之根据确定的焊接程序将所需的电能供给所述的待焊接部件的装置15,25。
5、如权利要求4所述的一种机器,其特征是,它具有:
用来测量上述部件附加温度参数的热传感器16;
用来对上述热传感器16进行读取,并将所读取的信息传输给所述处理部件10的装置17,18、19、20。
6、如权利要求2或3所述的一种机器,其特征是,它还包括:
存储器8,其中至少存储有为对供给绕组的电能进行前述调节所必须的全部参数,但此绕阻的温度参数则除外,且此存储器与一个读数线路11相关联;
与用来测量上述部件温度的热传感器16相连接的读数装置19、20;
用来记录由电源装置16供给绕组电能的装置12、27;
用来计算上述绕组在加热时温度的装置21,此温度是作为上述热传感器16测得之温度以及分别由所说存储器8与记录装置12,27获得之读数与所记录参数的函数;
处理部件10,它根据由存储器8读取的参数以及由绕组所计算出的温度,确定出所用焊接程序的特点;
用来控制焊接用电源6的装置15、25,根据所确定的焊接程序为待焊接的部件施加电能。
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CN106891112A (zh) * 2017-04-01 2017-06-27 深圳市鑫华威机电设备有限公司 半自动电焊机的焊接控制方法及系统
CN114207339A (zh) * 2019-06-14 2022-03-18 瑞士科技创新股份公司 管接头施加器和接头产生方法
CN110789133A (zh) * 2019-10-17 2020-02-14 浙江大学 一种基于电熔接头实时温度场数据的熔区控制方法

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