CN103088066A - 一种控制鱼类生殖的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种控制鱼类生殖的方法,其步骤:A,构建重组基因CMV-eGFP-SV40-CMV-Gal4-SV40,建立转GAL4基因斑马鱼家系;B,构建重组基因CMV-RFP-SV40-UAS-antisensednd,建立转uas-antisensednd基因斑马鱼家系;C,以两个家系的转基因鱼纯合子为亲本杂交,杂交后代鱼生殖败育。本发明通过两系可育而杂交子代诱导不育的策略,建立了一种具有普遍意义的控制鱼类育性的新方法。该方法解决了生殖操作研究中鱼的不育性与性状的可遗传性间的矛盾,能有效运用于鱼类新品种培育和种群控制。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水产动物遗传育种技术领域,更具体涉及一种控制鱼类生殖的方法。采用鱼类亲本两系可育而杂交子代诱导不育的策略,分别建立转gal4基因鱼家系和UAS驱动的转反义dnd基因鱼家系,将两个家系的转基因鱼杂交,可以在杂交子代中控制鱼类的生殖发育,从而建立控制鱼类生殖的操作技术,培育出性腺败育的鱼类新品系。
背景技术
生长速度、肉质等性状是鱼类品种改良的主要目标,而鱼类的生殖发育特性与这些重要性状的关系非常密切。鱼类能量生物学研究表明,如果控制了鱼类的生殖发育,其摄取的食物将更有效地转化成体细胞的发育,从而促进生长。很多鲑鳟鱼类性腺成熟排出性产物后,肉质变得很差;而性腺发育不发育的鱼体肌肉组织中人体必需氨基酸、呈味氨基酸的含量都比较高。因此,实施鱼类生殖发育调控,对于培育具有优良性状的养殖鱼类新品系具有重要指导意义。
世界上第一批转基因鱼问世以来(Zhu Z,Li G,He L,et al.Novel gene transfer intothe fertilized eggs of goldfish(Carassius auratus L.1758).Z angew Ichthyol,1985,1:31-34。),以提供优质食品蛋白来源为目的,迄今已成功研制了30多种转基因鱼。经遗传改良后的转基因鱼具有生长速度快,饵料转化效率高,抗冻耐寒,抗疾病能力强等优良性状。但是,迄今尚无一例转基因鱼进行产业化养殖,制约转基因鱼产业化的瓶颈因素在于对其可能的生态风险的担忧。从科学的角度而言,转基因鱼潜在的生态风险实质与其生殖特性密切相关。控制转基因鱼的生殖,可以从根本上解决转基因鱼的潜在生态风险(Hu Wei,WangYaping & Zhu Zuoyan.Progress in the evaluation of transgenic fish for possi-ble ecological risk and its containment strategies.Science in China Ser C-Life Sci.2007,50:573-579.)。
反义转GnRH基因策略是目前控制转基因鱼生殖的首选技术(Maclean N,Laight R J.Transgenic fish:an evaluation of benefits and risks.Fish and Fisheries,2000,1:146-172)。该技术首先通过反义转基因阻遏与鱼类性腺发育或性成熟相关基因GnRH的表达,进而抑制其性腺发育,控制转基因鱼的生殖;在此基础上,恢复不育的转基因鱼的生理育性,以最终获得无生态风险之虞的育性可控的转基因鱼。
但是,采用该技术即使获得了性腺完全不发育的转基因鱼,如何将转基因鱼“不育”的性状遗传给子代并建立家系,从逻辑学角度看是一个难以理解的悖论,在遗传上则是一个难以实现的难题。尽管理论上可以通过人工补给外源激素恢复不育转基因鱼的生理育性,但相关研究发现,鱼类中GnRH在鱼脑中的表达最早可起始于受精发育的第一天,本实验室发现在此阶段补充外源GnRH对胚胎发育以及幼鱼生长有抑制作用,这些限制造成育性恢复成功率很低。而且,即使恢复了极少数不育转基因鱼的生理育性,其产生的精子或卵子量非常少,难以满足大规模生产需要。
Gal4/UAS系统有可能成为一种较理想的诱导型的基因表达系统而应用于鱼类生殖发育调控。半乳糖调节上游启动子元件Gal4(Galactose regulated upstream promoter element,Gal)是酵母中类似原核生物乳糖操纵子的一个转录激活子,Gal4蛋白既有DNA结合功能域,又有转录激活功能域。上游激活序列UAS(Upstream active sequence,UAS)是酵母中另一种类似高等真核生物增强子的序列。Gal4只有在识别UAS时才能激活与UAS相连接的下游基因的转录,对基因的诱导表达具有强烈的特异性及可控性(Marnie E.Halpern,Jerry Rhee,Mary G.Goll,Courtney M.Akitake,Michael Parsons,and Steven D.Leach.Gal4/UAS Transgenic Tools and Their Application to Zebrafish.Zebrafish,2008,5(2):97-110.)。
原始生殖细胞是生殖细胞的前体细胞,dead end(dnd)基因在原始生殖细胞的存活和迁移具有重要作用(Gilbert Weidinger et al.dead end,a Novel Vertebrate Germ Plasm Component,Is Required for Zebrafish Primordial Germ Cell Migration and Survival,Current biology,2003,(13):1429-1434.),抑制dead end(dnd)基因的表达,可以抑制原始生殖细胞的正常迁移,从而抑制生殖细胞的形成和成熟。
斑马鱼(Danio rerio)是目前广泛应用于发育生物学、水生生物技术等研究的模式鱼(Westerfield M.1993.The Zebrafish Book:A Guide for the Laboratory Use of Zebrafish(Brachydanio rerio).University of Oregon Press,Eugene,OR.),以斑马鱼为模型探索控制鱼类生殖的新方法,对于建立鱼类的生殖开关技术,培育性腺败育的经济性养殖鱼类优良品种以及控制自然环境中的外来鱼类种群等方面具有重要的指导意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供了一种控制鱼类生殖发育的方法。该方法由两个相对独立但又相互联系的转基因鱼家系组成:一个家系转入由强启动子CMV驱动的表达GAL4的载体,另一家系则转入与UAS序列融合的反义dnd基因载体。两个家系的转基因鱼单独存在时均可正常产生成熟的生殖细胞,可以将性状稳定遗传给后代。但是,一旦两个转基因家系杂交,在杂交后代中,GAL4将诱导UAS驱动其下游的反义dnd表达,从而抑制内源dnd基因的表达,鉴于dnd基因在原始生殖细胞的存活和迁移具有重要作用,因此,杂交后代个体中的原始生殖细胞无法完成正常迁移,最终导致生殖细胞无法形成,由此获得生殖败育的鱼。
该方法可以成为一种全新的鱼类生殖操作育种新技术,应用于培育具有优良性状的养殖鱼类新品系、并可运用于控制外来鱼种的种群。
为了达到上述的目的,本发明采用以下技术措施:
重组基因的构建,其步骤是:
(1)重组基因CMV-eGFP-SV40-CMV-Gal4-SV40的构建:以4xKGFP载体(MartinDistela et al.Optimized Gal4genetics for permanent gene expression mapping in zebrafish.PNAS,2009,106:65-70.)为初始载体,经过改造得到pSK-CMV-eGFP-SV40-CMV-MCS-SV40载体(其中CMV为巨细胞病毒基因启动子(589bp,Clontech公司产品);eGFP为绿色荧光基因(Clontech公司产品);SV40为猴空泡病毒40的poly A终止序列(Clontech公司产品);MCS为多克隆位点)。按常规方法(分子克隆实验指南,第二版,J.萨姆布鲁克等著,科学出版社,1993),将Gal4(Martin Distela et al.Optimized Gal4genetics for permanent gene expression mapping in zebrafish.PNAS,2009,106:65-70.)重组到CMV启动子的下游,随后以猴空泡病毒40的poly A(51bp)(Clontech公司产品)为终止顺序,构成Gal4重组质粒;经限制性内切酶kpn I(TAKARA)消化后,获得重组基因CMV-eGFP-SV40-CMV-Gal4-SV40,其序列为SEQ ID NO.1所示,其中
1-35:间隔序列;36-624:CMV序列;625-647:间隔序列;648-1472:eGFP序列;1473-1525:间隔序列;1526-1576:SV40序列;1577-1632:间隔序列;1633-2221:CMV序列;2222-2250:间隔序列;2251-2853:GAL4序列;2854-2996:间隔序列;2997-3047:橙色表示SV40序列;3048-3080:间隔序列。
(2)重组基因CMV-RFP-SV40-UAS-antisense dnd的构建:以上述构建的pSK-CMV-eGFP-SV40-CMV-MCS-SV40载体为初始载体,经过改造得到pSK-CMV-RFP-SV40-UAS-antisense dnd转基因载体,主要元件为(其中CMV为巨细胞病毒基因启动子(Clontech公司产品);RFP为红色荧光基因(Clontech公司产品);SV40为猴空泡病毒40的poly A终止序列(Clontech公司产品);5xUAS为5个拷贝的UAS序列;MCS为多克隆位点)。其中331bp斑马鱼dnd反义基因片段(-74bp~257bp,dnd序列来自NCBI,NM_212795.1)按3′--5′的方向连接到5xUAS下游,经限制性内切酶kpn I(TAKARA)消化后,获得重组基因CMV-RFP-SV40-UAS-antisense dnd,其序列为SEQ ID NO.2所示,其中:
1-13:间隔序列;14-602:CMV序列;603-610:间隔序列;611-1288:RFP序列;1289-1443:间隔序列;1444-1494:橙色表示SV40序列;1495-1523:间隔序列;1524-1640:5xUASE1b序列;1641-1649:间隔序列;1650-1980:antisense-dnd序列;1981-2129:间隔序列;2130-2180:SV40序列;2181-2213:间隔序列。
一种控制鱼类生殖的方法,其步骤是:
(1)外源基因导入:采用显微注射法(Zhu Z,Li G,He L,et al.Novel gene transfer into the fertilized eggs of goldfish(Carassius auratus L.1758).Z angew Ichthyol,1985,1:31-34)将重组基因CMV-eGFP-SV40-CMV-Gal4-SV40和CMV-RFP-SV40-UAS-antisense dnd分别导入斑马鱼受精卵中,研制P0代转GAL4基因斑马鱼和转UAS-antisense dnd基因斑马鱼。
(2)转基因鱼家系:通过荧光解剖镜(Olympus SZX12型)观察绿色荧光蛋白基因的表达,筛选出P0代转GAL4基因斑马鱼;通过荧光解剖镜(Olympus SZX12型)观察红色荧光蛋白基因的表达,筛选出P0代转UAS-antisense dnd基因斑马鱼。将两种P0代转基因斑马鱼分别与对照斑马鱼杂交,分别获得F1代转GAL4基因斑马鱼和转UAS-antisense dnd基因斑马鱼。将F1代转基因GAL4斑马鱼自交,在F2代中获得转GAL4基因斑马鱼纯合子。将F1代转UAS-antisense dnd基因斑马鱼自交,在F2代中获得转UAS-antisense dnd基因斑马鱼纯合子。
(3)以转GAL4基因斑马鱼纯合子和转UAS-antisense dnd基因斑马鱼纯合子为亲本,进行两个家系的转基因鱼杂交,在获得的杂交子代中,Gal4将诱导UAS驱动其下游的反义dnd表达,反义dnd显著抑制杂交子代中dnd mRNA水平,从而使杂交子代的原生殖细胞迁移紊乱而无法完成迁移,最终导致前述两个家系的杂交产生的后代鱼生殖败育。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
采用物理、化学手段人工诱导三倍体鱼是控制转基因鱼育性的传统技术,但是人工诱导三倍体的效率难以达到100%(Maclean and Laight Transgenic fish:an evaluation of benefits and risks.FISH and FISHERIES,2000,1:146-172.);通过四倍体鱼和二倍体鱼倍间杂交的方法是培育不育的转基因三倍体鱼的另一种途径,但是通过远源杂交培育能自我繁殖且稳定遗传的四倍体鱼非常困难,因此,通过倍间杂交方式研制不育转基因三倍体鱼以解决转基因鱼的生态安全问题不具备普遍性(HU Wei et al.Progress in the evaluation of transgenic fish for possible ecological risk and its containment strategies.Chinese Sci Bull,2007,50:573-579.)。转反义GnRH基因策略是目前诸多实验室正在尝试的建立具有普遍意义的控制转基因鱼育性的首选方法。Meclean通过转反义GnRH基因策略在P0代转基因鱼群体中获得了雄性不育的转基因罗非鱼(Maclean et al.Reversibly-sterile fish via transgenesis.ISBnews report,2003),本实验室通过抑制鲤鱼内源GnRHIII的表达,在P0代转基因鱼群体中发现了性腺败育的转基因鲤鱼(Jing Xu et al.Defining Global Gene Expression Changes ofthe Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Female sGnRH antisense Transgenic CommonCarp(Cyprinus carpio).Plos one,2011,6(6):e21057)。从培育养殖鱼类新品种的角度而言,在抑制鱼类生殖发育的同时,又需要将“不育”的性状遗传给子代以建立家系。但是内源GnRH基因表达被抑制后,通过人工补给外源GnRH恢复不育转基因鱼的生理育性非常困难。而且,即使恢复了极少数不育转基因鱼的生理育性,其产生的精子或卵子量非常少,难以满足大规模生产需要。
有学者利用Ntr/Met系统控制转基因鱼的育性,首先建立性腺特异表达Ntr的转基因家系,然后在饲养过程中用Met浸泡转基因鱼,通过硝基还原酶(Ntr)将甲硝哒唑(Met)转换成细胞毒素,将转基因鱼的生殖细胞杀死,从而获得不育的转基因鱼(Chia-Chun et al.Inducible Male Infertility by Targeted Cell Ablation in Zebrafish Testis.Mar Biotechnol,2010,12:466-478.)。值得注意的是,这种方法需要将鱼体在药物Met中长时间浸泡,诱导细胞毒素产生后才能去除生殖细胞。因此不能运用在以提供食品蛋白为目的的转基因鱼育种实践。
与上述现有的控制转基因鱼生殖的方法比较,本发明采用“两系可育而杂交子代不育的策略”,巧妙地解决了转基因鱼的不育性与性状的可遗传性间的矛盾。以在原始生殖细胞的存活和迁移具有重要作用的dnd基因为靶基因,通过在杂交子代中抑制dnd基因的表达,从源头上抑制生殖细胞的形成和成熟,是一种具有普遍意义的控制鱼类生殖的方法;本发明能培育出育性可控制的鱼类新品种,并能运用于控制外来鱼种的种群,是一种具有生态安全性鱼类生殖操作新技术。
附图说明
图1为一种转Gal4基因斑马鱼纯合子示意图
图2为一种转UAS-antisense dnd基因斑马鱼纯合子示意图
图3为一种dnd基因在对照斑马鱼和两系杂交斑马鱼子代中的表达水平示意图
图4为一种斑马鱼原生殖细胞的迁移示意图
其中图4中a为对照斑马鱼,b为两系杂交的转基因斑马鱼。
图5为一种斑马鱼性腺组织切片示意图
其中图5中的a为对照斑马鱼雌鱼性腺组织,b为对照斑马鱼雄鱼性腺组织,c为两系杂交的斑马鱼雌鱼性腺组织,d为两系杂交的斑马鱼雄鱼性腺组织。
具体实施方式
实施例1.重组基因及其构建方法
(1)重组基因CMV-eGFP-SV40-CMV-Gal4-SV40的构建:
用BglII和XbaⅠ限制性DNA内切酶(TAKARA)双酶切pEGFP-C1(Clontech公司产品),条件:37℃酶切2h,酶切产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳纯化(Axygen),然后利用KOD PLUS高保真酶(TAKARA)在PCR仪(Veriti)上进行末端补平,条件为:68℃10min一个循环。补平产物用T4 DNA连接酶(NEB)4℃过夜连接,得到不含有多克隆位点的pEGFP-C1载体。设计引物CMV-eGFP-SV40-f/5’-GGAAGATC TTGGATAACCGTATTACCGCCAT-3’和CMV-eGFP-SV40-r/5’-CCGGATATCGTTTGGACAAACCACAACTAGAAT-3’(下划线标出部分GGAAGATCT为BglII限制性DNA内切酶酶切位点及其保护碱基,CCGGATATC为EcoRⅤ限制性DNA内切酶酶切位点及其保护碱基),利用KOD PLUS高保真酶(TAKARA),以去除多克隆位点的pEGFP-C1载体为模板在PCR仪(Veriti)上进行PCR扩增,条件为:95℃3min一个循环,95℃ 30s,55℃ 30s,68℃ 2min 30个循环,68℃ 5min一个循环,产物经BglII和EcoRⅤ限制性DNA内切酶(TAKARA)双酶切,条件为:37℃酶切2h,4xKGFP(Martin Distela et al.Optimized Gal4 genetics for permanent gene expression mapping in zebrafish.PNAS,2009,106:65-70.)载体也经过BglII和EcoRⅤ限制性DNA内切酶(TAKARA)双酶切,条件同上。将上述酶切后的片段和骨架用T4 DNA连接酶进行4℃过夜连接,得到pSK-CMV-eGFP-SV40载体。用AgeI和XhoI限制性DNA内切酶(TAKARA)双酶切pEGFP-C1(Invitrogen),条件:在水浴锅(上海精宏)中37℃酶切2h,酶切产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳纯化(Axygen),然后利用KOD PLUS高保真酶(TAKARA)在PCR仪(Veriti)上进行末端补平,条件为:68℃10min一个循环。补平产物用T4 DNA连接酶(NEB)4℃过夜连接,得到不含有eGFP的pEGFP-C1载体。用引物CMV-MCS-SV40-f/5’-CCGGATATCTGGATAACCGTATTACCGCCAT-3’和CMV-MCS-SV40-r/5’-ATAAGAATGCGGCCGCGTTTGGACAAACCACAACTAGAAT-3’(下划线标出部分CCGGATATC为EcoRⅤ限制性DNA内切酶酶切位点及其保护碱基,ATAAGAATGCGGCCGC为NotI限制性DNA内切酶酶切位点及其保护碱基),利用KOD PLUS高保真酶(TAKARA),以去除eGFP的pEGFP-C1载体为模板,在PCR仪(Veriti)上进行PCR扩增,条件为:95℃ 3min一个循环,95℃ 30s,55℃ 30s,68℃ 2min 30个循环,68℃ 5min一个循环,产物经NotI和EcoRⅤ限制性DNA内切酶(TAKARA)双酶切,条件为:在水浴锅(上海精宏)中37℃酶切2h,pSK-CMV-eGFP-SV40载体也用NotI和EcoRⅤ限制性DNA内切酶(TAKARA)双酶切,条件同上。将上述酶切后的片段和骨架用T4DNA连接酶进行4℃过夜连接,得到pSK-CMV-eGFP-SV40-CMV-MCS-SV40载体(其中CMV为巨细胞病毒基因启动子(589bp,Clontech公司产品);eGFP为绿色荧光基因(720bp,Clontech公司产品);SV40为猴空泡病毒40的poly A终止序列(51bp,Clontech公司产品);MCS为57bp的多克隆位点)。以该pSK-CMV-eGFP-SV40-CMV-MCS-SV40载体为骨架构建GAL4转基因载体。GAl4基因来自(Martin Distela et al.Optimized Gal4 genetics for permanent gene expressionmapping in zebrafish.PNAS,2009,106:65-70.)中的载体TK5xC。设计引物GAL4-f/5’-CCCAAGCTTGCCGCCACCATGAAACTGCTC-3’;GAL4-r/5’-CGCGGATC CGAGGATGTCCAGGTCGTAGTC-3’(下划线标出部分CCCAAGCTT为HindIII限制性DNA内切酶酶切位点及其保护碱基,CGCGGATCC为BamHI限制性DNA内切酶酶切位点及其保护碱基),利用KOD PLUS高保真酶(TAKARA),以TK5xC载体为模板在PCR仪(Veriti)上进行PCR扩增,条件为:95℃ 3min一个循环,95℃30s,58℃ 30s,68℃ 1min30个循环,68℃ 5min一个循环,产物经HindIII和BamHI限制性DNA内切酶(TAKARA)双酶切,条件为:在水浴锅(上海精宏)中37℃酶切2h,pSK-CMV-eGFP-SV40-CMV-MCS-SV40载体骨架也经过HindIII和BamHI限制性DNA内切酶(TAKARA)双酶切,条件同上。将上述酶切后的片段和骨架用T4 DNA连接酶进行4℃过夜连接后得到GAL4转基因载体pSK-CMV-eGFP-SV40-CMV-Gal4-SV40,经kpn I限制性DNA内切酶(TAKARA)消化后,获得GAL4转基因DNA片段CMV-eGFP-SV40-CMV-Gal4-SV40,其核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO.1所示。
(2)重组基因CMV-RFP-SV40-UAS-antisense dnd的构建
单个拷贝的UAS序列和E1b序列信息均来自(Martin Distela et al.Optimized Gal4genetics for permanent gene expression mapping in zebrafish.PNAS,2009,106:65-70.)。通过设计部分互补的两种单链DNA NxUAS/f5’-CGGAGTACTGTCCTCCGAGCGGAGTACTGTC-3’和NxUAS/r5’-CTCGGAGGACAGTACTCCGCTCGGAGGACAG-3’(Invitrogen公司合成且5’端被磷酸化),利用KOD PLUS高保真酶(TAKARA)在PCR仪(Veriti)上进行PCR扩增,条件为:95℃ 30s,55℃ 30s,68℃ 10s15个循环,PCR产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳后回收,并经过Taq酶(TaKARA)加A尾,条件为:72℃ 10min,然后连接到PMD-18T(TAKARA)载体,经过测序(Invitrogen),筛选出含有5个UAS拷贝的PMD-18T(TAKARA)载体。设计引物5xUAS-EcoRⅤ/f5’-CCGGATATCCGGAGTACTGTCCTCCGAG-3’和5xUAS-HindIII/r5’-CCCAAGCTT CTCGGAGGACAGTACTCCG-3’(下划线标出部分CCGGATATC为EcoRⅤ限制性DNA内切酶酶切位点及其保护碱基,CCCAAGCTT为HindIII限制性DNA内切酶酶切位点及其保护碱基,小写字母为E1b序列),利用KOD PLUS高保真酶(TAKARA),以带有5个拷贝UAS的PMD-18T(TAKARA)载体为模板,在PCR仪(Veriti)上进行PCR扩增,条件为:95℃3min一个循环,95℃ 30s,58℃ 30s,68℃ 30s30个循环,68℃ 3min一个循环,产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳纯化(Axygen)后用EcoRⅤ和HindIII限制性DNA内切酶(TAKARA)双酶切,条件为:在水浴锅(上海精宏)中37℃酶切2h,含有5个拷贝UAS的PCR产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳纯化(Axygen)后回收待用。用EcoRⅤ和HindIII限制性DNA内切酶(TAKARA)双酶切上述已经构建好的pSK-CMV-eGFP-SV40-CMV-MCS-SV40载体,条件为:在水浴锅(上海精宏)中37℃酶切2h,酶切产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳纯化(Axygen)后回收待用。将含有5个拷贝UAS的经HindIII和EcoRⅤ限制性DNA内切酶双酶切后的片段和经HindIII和EcoRⅤ限制性DNA内切酶酶切后的pSK-CMV-eGFP-SV40-CMV-MCS-SV40载体骨架用T4 DNA连接酶(NEB)4℃过夜连接,得到pSK-eGFP-5xUAS载体。斑马鱼dnd基因的dnd mRNA序列信息来自NCBI,NM_212795.1,反义片段设计的区域为-74bp~257bp。用Trizol(ambion)提取一个细胞时期的受精卵总RNA,用RNAase-free的DNA酶(TOYOBO)消化30min,然后经反转录酶(TOYOBO)合成cDNA,以该cDNA为模板,引物为Anti-dnd-XbaⅠ/f5’-CTAGTCTAGAATGACCTTTTCTTGACTTTTCC-3’和Anti-dnd-HindIII/r5’-CCCAAGCTTGAGGCGAAACTCGTAAATGG-3’(下划线标出部分CTAGTCTAGA为XbaI限制性DNA内切酶酶切位点及其保护碱基,CCC AAGCTT为HindIII限制性DNA内切酶酶切位点及其保护碱基),用KOD PLUS高保真酶(TAKARA),以上述cDNA为模板,在PCR仪(Veriti)上进行PCR扩增,条件为:95℃ 3min一个循环,95℃ 30s,58℃ 30s,68℃ 1min30个循环,68℃3min一个循环,PCR产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳纯化(Axygen)后经XbaI和HindIIIDNA内切酶(TAKARA)双酶切,条件为:在水浴锅(上海精宏)中37℃酶切2h,酶切后的PCR产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳纯化(Axygen)后回收待用。将pSK-eGFP-5xUAS载体用XbaI和HindIII DNA内切酶(TAKARA)双酶切,条件同上,酶切后的PCR产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳纯化(Axygen),然后将纯化后的pSK-eGFP-5xUAS骨架与酶切并纯化后的反义dnd片段用T4 DNA连接酶(NEB)4℃过夜连接,得到pSK-eGFP-UAS-antisense dnd载体。设计引物CMV-RFP-SV40-f/5’-GGAAGATC TGATCTATCAATTACGGGGTCAT-3’和MV-RFP-SV40-f/5’-CCGGATATCCCCACAACTAGAATGCAGTGA-3’(GGAAGATCT为BglII限制性DNA内切酶酶切位点及其保护碱基,CCGGATATC为EcoRⅤ限制性DNA内切酶酶切位点及其保护碱基),以pDsred2(Invitrogen)载体为模板,用KOD PLUS高保真酶(TAKARA)在PCR仪(Veriti)上进行PCR扩增,条件为:95℃ 3min一个循环,95℃ 30s,55℃ 30s,68℃2min30个循环,68℃ 3min一个循环,PCR产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳纯化(Axygen)后经BglII和EcoRⅤDNA内切酶(TAKARA)双酶切,条件为:在水浴锅(上海精宏)中37℃酶切2h,酶切后的PCR产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳纯化(Axygen)后回收待用。同时,pSK-eGFP-UAS-antisense dnd载体也用和EcoRⅤDNA内切酶(TAKARA)双酶切,条件同上,酶切后的PCR产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳纯化(Axygen)后回收待用。将经过BglII和EcoRⅤDNA内切酶双酶切过的CMV-RFP-SV40片段和pSK-eGFP-UAS-antisense dnd骨架用T4 DNA连接酶(NEB)4℃过夜连接,得到pSK-CMV-RFP-SV40-UAS-antisense dnd载体,经限制性内切酶kpn I(TAKAR
A)消化后,获得重组基因CMV-RFP-SV40-UAS-antisense dnd,其序列为SEQ IDNO.2所示。
上述步骤(1)和步骤(2)中的PCR反应、酶切反应、连接反应、DNA转化、细菌培养及所用培养基等均为常规分子生物学操作,依“分子克隆实验指南,第二版,J.萨姆布鲁克等著,科学出版社,1993”所述方法进行。
实施例2.转Gal4基因斑马鱼纯合子和转UAS-antisense dnd基因斑马鱼纯合子培育,其步骤是:
(1)转基因斑马鱼制备
将重组基因CMV-eGFP-SV40-CMV-Gal4-SV40和CMV-RFP-SV40-UAS-antisense dnd片段分别溶于ST溶液(88mmol/l NaCl,10mmol/l Tris-HCl,pH7.5)中,调节其终浓度为85ng/μl,采用显微注射的方法(Zhu Z,Li G,He L,et al.Novel gene transfer into the fertilized eggs of goldfish(Carassius auratus L.1758).Z angew Ichthyol,1985,1:31-34),在第一次卵裂前将DNA溶液导入斑马鱼受精卵动物极,DNA注射剂量1-2nl/卵,完成显微操作后的受精卵置于28.5℃水温孵化和养殖。
(2)转GAL4基因斑马鱼纯合子和转UAS-antisense dnd基因斑马鱼纯合子培育
将重组基因CMV-eGFP-SV40-CMV-Gal4-SV40片段通过显微操作分别转入斑马鱼受精卵后,在荧光显微镜(Olympus SZX12型)下筛选表达绿色荧光的胚胎,即为P0代转GAL4基因斑马鱼;将重组基因CMV-RFP-SV40-UAS-antisense dnd片段通过显微操作转入斑马鱼受精卵后,在荧光显微镜下(Olympus SZX12型)筛选红色荧光的胚胎,即为P0代转UAS-antisense dnd基因斑马鱼。按斑马鱼养殖手册(Westerfield M.(1993).The Zebrafish Book:A Guide for the Laboratory Use of Zebrafish(Brachydanio rerio).University of Oregon Press,Eugene,OR.),在循环水养殖系统中将转GAL4基因斑马鱼和转UAS-antisense dnd基因斑马鱼分别养殖至性成熟后,分别与野生型斑马鱼杂交,在荧光显微镜(Olympus SZX12型)下筛选通体表达eGFP和RFP的胚胎(F1代)并继续养殖至性成熟;将性成熟的F1代转GAL4基因斑马鱼自交,在荧光显微镜(Olympus SZX12型)下从自交群体中筛选通体表达eGFP的个体并养殖至性成熟后,再与对照斑马鱼测交,如果在荧光显微镜下观察到测交的后代全部呈现eGFP的表达,则该测交亲本为转GAL4基因斑马鱼纯合子(图1)。按同样的方法,将性成熟的F1代转UAS-antisense dnd基因斑马鱼自交,在荧光显微镜下从自交群体中筛选通体表达RFP的个体并养殖至性成熟后,再与对照斑马鱼测交,如果在荧光显微镜下观察到测交的后代全部呈现RFP的表达,则该测交亲本为转UAS-antisense dnd基因斑马鱼纯合子(图2)。
斑马鱼的养殖及繁殖等均按常规操作进行(Westerfield,1993,The Zebrafish Book:AGuide for the Laboratory Use of Zebrafish(Brachydanio rerio).University of Oregon Press,Eugene,OR).
实施例3.一种控制鱼类生殖的方法,其步骤是
以转GAL4基因斑马鱼纯合子和转UAS-antisense dnd基因斑马鱼纯合子为亲本,按常规方法进行杂交,获得杂交的实验鱼,在两个家系的转基因鱼杂交获得的实验鱼中,Gal4将诱导UAS驱动其下游的反义dnd表达,从而使杂交实验鱼中内源dnd mRNA的表达水平显著降低(图3),导致杂交子代的原生殖细胞迁移紊乱而无法完成迁移(图4),最终导致杂交子代的鱼生殖败育(图5)。转GAL4基因斑马鱼和转UAS-antisense dnd基因斑马鱼杂交子代中内源dnd基因的表达通过定量PCR方法检测、原生殖细胞的迁移特征通过胚胎原位杂交技术检测、性腺发育状态通过组织切片检测。
Dnd基因表达的检测方法:用Trizol(ambion)分别提取50%外包、3-4体节时期对照斑马鱼胚胎、转基因斑马鱼两系杂交胚胎的总RNA,具体操作为:将约100mg的收集胚胎或组织样品放在1ml Trizol中匀浆,4℃12000rpm离心10min,将上清液转移到另一RNAase-free的Ep管中,室温放置5min,加入200μl三氯甲烷并剧烈震荡15s后室温放置5min,然后4℃12000rpm离心15min,吸取上层液体到另一RNAase-free的Ep管中,加入500μl异丙醇并轻柔颠倒混匀,室温放置10min,4℃12000rpm离心10min,弃上清后加入1ml75%(体积比)的乙醇,震荡混匀,4℃7500rpm离心10min,然后弃乙醇,敞口干燥15min后加入30μl RNAase-free的水,即得到总RNA。将1μg的总RNA用RNAase-free的DNA酶(TOYOBO)消化30min后反转成cDNA(TOYOBO)。每个qPCR反应加1μl稀释4倍的cDNA作为模板,以β-actin基因为内参,上游引物:RT-β-actin-F:具体的序列5’-ATGGCTTCTGCTCTGTATGGC-3’,下游引物:RT-β-actin-R序列为5’-GAGGAGGGCAAAGTGGTAAAC-3’;dnd上游引物为:RT-dnd-F(5’-AAAAAAGGTGACCAAGGCAGT-3’),下游引物为RT-dnd-R(5’-CAAAAGAAAAGCGTGAAAACAT-3’)。用2xSYBR green realtimePCR mix(TOYOBO)配成20μl体系,在实时定量PCR仪(bIO-RAD)上反应,条件为:95℃2min一个循环,94℃ 15s,58℃ 15s,72℃ 40s40个循环。结果表明:50%外包时期和3-4体节期的转基因斑马鱼两系杂交胚胎中dnd mRNA的水平分别约为对照的65.8%和20%(图3),T-test分析(originPro6.1)表明:在50%外包时期和3-4体节时期dnd mRNA的水平较对照均下降显著(p<0.01)。
原生殖细胞迁移的检测方法:将转GAL4基因家系和转UAS-antisense dnd基因家系的转基因斑马鱼杂交,收集受精后4.3小时两系杂交胚胎和对照斑马鱼胚胎到4%PFA-PBS(100mlPBS中加入4gPFA)中4℃过夜,次日分别在75%(体积比)PFA-PBS+25%(体积比)甲醇、50%(体积比)PFA-PBS+50%(体积比)甲醇、25%(体积比)PFA-PBS+75%(体积比)甲醇、100%甲醇中各浸泡5min,并将100%的甲醇中的胚胎存放在-20℃待用。900bp(231-1130)的vasa(NM_131057)反义探针由t7 RNA聚合酶(promega)转录得到,并由地高辛标记(Roche),存放于-70℃待用。之后的所有操作完全按照Thisse lab ISH 2010update进行。显色后用安装在体式镜(olympus MVX10)上的数码相机(Nikon)拍摄照片。结果表明,72%的转基因斑马鱼两系杂交胚胎中出现PGCs远离卵黄多核细胞层(yolk syncytial layer,YSL)的现象,而对照胚胎出现该现象的比例仅为11.1%(图4)。
性腺组织切片:将转GAL4基因斑马鱼和转UAS-antisense dnd基因斑马鱼的杂交后代养殖5个月使其完全性成熟,分别取转基因斑马鱼两系杂交后代鱼的性腺组织和对照鱼的性腺组织进行石蜡切片。性腺组织取出后放入4%的PFA-PBS(100mlPBS中加入4gPFA)中4℃固定过夜,然后脱水,具体操作为:固定后的组织样品分别在70%,80%,85%,90%,95%(两次),100%的乙醇中放置2h,然后在乙醇和二甲苯的混合液(体积比1:1)中放置2h,然后在二甲苯中放置2h,然后在二甲苯和石蜡的60℃混合液(体积比1:1)中放置2h,在60℃的石蜡中放置2h。然后在石蜡包埋仪(KEDEE)中进行石蜡包埋,包埋厚后用石蜡切片机(KEDEE)切出7μm厚的薄片,干燥后用苏木精和伊红染色,具体操作流程为:100%乙醇(两次)5min,95%乙醇(两次)5min,85%乙醇3min,75%乙醇2min,蒸馏水冲洗1min,苏木精染色5min,蒸馏水冲洗2min,盐酸酒精分化15s,自来水洗15min,蒸馏水冲洗2min,75%乙醇2min,85%乙醇2min,0.5%伊红染色1min,95%乙醇(两次)5min,100%乙醇(两次)5min,二甲苯(两次)5min。用中性树胶封片后用安装在体式镜(olympus MVX10)上的数码相机(Nikon)拍摄照片。结果表明,对照雌鱼卵巢中约60%的卵细胞处于将要成熟的第四发育期,20%左右的卵细胞处于第三发育期,其余20%左右处于第一、二发育期,而两系杂交雌鱼卵巢中仅有3%左右的卵细胞处于第四发育期,7%左右的卵细胞处于第三发育期,其他90%左右均为第一、二发育期的卵细胞,而且卵细胞之间的排列很稀疏。对照雄鱼精巢中小叶腔紧密有序排列,整个小叶腔充满成熟的精子,大量将要成熟的精子细胞位于小叶腔周围,而两系杂交雄鱼精巢中小叶腔的大小和数量均约为对照的十分之一左右,且呈单行排列,50%左右的小叶腔中几乎没有精子,其余小叶腔中的精子数量相对对照也很少(图5)。
SEQUENCE LISTING
<110> 中国科学院水生生物研究所
<120> 一种控制鱼类生殖的方法
<130> 一种控制鱼类生殖的方法
<160> 2
<170> PatentIn version 3.1
<210> 1
<211> 3080
<212> DNA
<213> 人工合成
<400> 1
attagatctt ggataaccgt attaccgcca tgcattagtt attaatagta atcaattacg 60
gggtcattag ttcatagccc atatatggag ttccgcgtta cataacttac ggtaaatggc 120
ccgcctggct gaccgcccaa cgacccccgc ccattgacgt caataatgac gtatgttccc 180
atagtaacgc caatagggac tttccattga cgtcaatggg tggagtattt acggtaaact 240
gcccacttgg cagtacatca agtgtatcat atgccaagta cgccccctat tgacgtcaat 300
gacggtaaat ggcccgcctg gcattatgcc cagtacatga ccttatggga ctttcctact 360
tggcagtaca tctacgtatt agtcatcgct attaccatgg tgatgcggtt ttggcagtac 420
atcaatgggc gtggatagcg gtttgactca cggggatttc caagtctcca ccccattgac 480
gtcaatggga gtttgttttg gcaccaaaat caacgggact ttccaaaatg tcgtaacaac 540
tccgccccat tgacgcaaat gggcggtagg cgtgtacggt gggaggtcta tataagcaga 600
gctggtttag tgaaccgtca gatccgctag cgctaccggt cgccaccatg gtgagcaagg 660
gcgaggagct gttcaccggg gtggtgccca tcctggtcga gctggacggc gacgtaaacg 720
gccacaagtt cagcgtgtcc ggcgagggcg agggcgatgc cacctacggc aagctgaccc 780
tgaagttcat ctgcaccacc ggcaagctgc ccgtgccctg gcccaccctc gtgaccaccc 840
tgacctacgg cgtgcagtgc ttcagccgct accccgacca catgaagcag cacgacttct 900
tcaagtccgc catgcccgaa ggctacgtcc aggagcgcac catcttcttc aaggacgacg 960
gcaactacaa gacccgcgcc gaggtgaagt tcgagggcga caccctggtg aaccgcatcg 1020
agctgaaggg catcgacttc aaggaggacg gcaacatcct ggggcacaag ctggagtaca 1080
actacaacag ccacaacgtc tatatcatgg ccgacaagca gaagaacggc atcaaggtga 1140
acttcaagat ccgccacaac atcgaggacg gcagcgtgca gctcgccgac cactaccagc 1200
agaacacccc catcggcgac ggccccgtgc tgctgcccga caaccactac ctgagcaccc 1260
agtccgccct gagcaaagac cccaacgaga agcgcgatca catggtcctg ctggagttcg 1320
tgaccgccgc cgggatcact ctcggcatgg acgagctgta caagtccgga ctcagatcct 1380
agataactga tcataatcag ccataccaca tttgtagagg ttttacttgc tttaaaaaac 1440
ctcccacacc tccccctgaa cctgaaacat aaaatgaatg caattgttgt tgttaacttg 1500
tttattgcag cttataatgg ttacaaataa agcaatagca tcacaaattt cacaaataaa 1560
gcattttttt cactgcattc tagttgtggt ttgtccaaac gatatctgga taaccgtatt 1620
accgccatgc attagttatt aatagtaatc aattacgggg tcattagttc atagcccata 1680
tatggagttc cgcgttacat aacttacggt aaatggcccg cctggctgac cgcccaacga 1740
cccccgccca ttgacgtcaa taatgacgta tgttcccata gtaacgccaa tagggacttt 1800
ccattgacgt caatgggtgg agtatttacg gtaaactgcc cacttggcag tacatcaagt 1860
gtatcatatg ccaagtacgc cccctattga cgtcaatgac ggtaaatggc ccgcctggca 1920
ttatgcccag tacatgacct tatgggactt tcctacttgg cagtacatct acgtattagt 1980
catcgctatt accatggtga tgcggttttg gcagtacatc aatgggcgtg gatagcggtt 2040
tgactcacgg ggatttccaa gtctccaccc cattgacgtc aatgggagtt tgttttggca 2100
ccaaaatcaa cgggactttc caaaatgtcg taacaactcc gccccattga cgcaaatggg 2160
cggtaggcgt gtacggtggg aggtctatat aagcagagct ggtttagtga accgtcagat 2220
ccgctagcgc taccggtcga gctcaagctt gccgccacca tgaaactgct ctcatccatc 2280
gagcaagcct gcgacatttg tcggcttaag aagctgaaat gctccaagga aaagccgaaa 2340
tgtgccaaat gcctgaagaa caattgggaa tgtcgttact ctcccaaaac caagcgaagt 2400
ccactcacaa gggctcatct gaccgaagtg gagagcaggc tagagagact ggaacaactc 2460
tttttgctca tcttccctag agaggacctt gacatgatcc tcaagatgga ttctctccag 2520
gatattaaag cccttttgac tggcttattc gtccaggaca atgtgaacaa agacgctgtg 2580
acagaccgat tggcaagtgt cgagaccgat atgcctctga cactgagaca gcacagaatc 2640
agcgctactt cctcaagcga agagtcttct aacaagggac agagacagct gactgtttcg 2700
agcaggtcga ccccgtcccc ggccgacgcc ctggacgacg gcgacctgga catgctgcct 2760
gctgatgctc tcgatgattt cgatctggat atgctcccgg ccgacgccct ggacgactac 2820
gacctggaca tcctccggat ccaccggatc tagataactg atcataatca gccataccac 2880
atttgtagag gttttacttg ctttaaaaaa cctcccacac ctccccctga acctgaaaca 2940
taaaatgaat gcaattgttg ttgttaactt gtttattgca gcttataatg gttacaaata 3000
aagcaatagc atcacaaatt tcacaaataa agcatttttt tcactgcatt ctagttgtgg 3060
tttgtccaaa cgcggccgcc 3080
<210> 2
<211> 2213
<212> DNA
<213> 人工合成
<400> 2
attagatctt acctagttat taatagtaat caattacggg gtcattagtt catagcccat 60
atatggagtt ccgcgttaca taacttacgg taaatggccc gcctggctga ccgcccaacg 120
acccccgccc attgacgtca ataatgacgt atgttcccat agtaacgcca atagggactt 180
tccattgacg tcaatgggtg gagtatttac ggtaaactgc ccacttggca gtacatcaag 240
tgtatcatat gccaagtacg ccccctattg acgtcaatga cggtaaatgg cccgcctggc 300
attatgccca gtacatgacc ttatgggact ttcctacttg gcagtacatc tacgtattag 360
tcatcgctat taccatggtg atgcggtttt ggcagtacat caatgggcgt ggatagcggt 420
ttgactcacg gggatttcca agtctccacc ccattgacgt caatgggagt ttgttttggc 480
accaaaatca acgggacttt ccaaaatgtc gtaacaactc cgccccattg acgcaaatgg 540
gcggtaggcg tgtacggtgg gaggtctata taagcagagc tggtttagtg aaccgtcaga 600
tcgggatccg atggcctcct ccgaggacgt catcaaggag ttcatgcgct tcaaggtgcg 660
catggagggc tccgtgaacg gccacgagtt cgagatcgag ggcgagggcg agggccgccc 720
ctacgagggc acccagaccg ccaagctgaa ggtgaccaag ggcggccccc tgcccttcgc 780
ctgggacatc ctgtcccctc agttccagta cggctccaag gcctacgtga agcaccccgc 840
cgacatcccc gactacttga agctgtcctt ccccgagggc ttcaagtggg agcgcgtgat 900
gaacttcgag gacggcggcg tggtgaccgt gacccaggac tcctccctgc aggacggcga 960
gttcatctac aaggtgaagc tgcgcggcac caacttcccc tccgacggcc ccgtaatgca 1020
gaagaagacc atgggctggg aggcctccac cgagcggatg taccccgagg acggcgccct 1080
gaagggcgag atcaagatga ggctgaagct gaaggacggc ggccactacg acgccgaggt 1140
caagaccacc tacatggcca agaagcccgt gcagctgccc ggcgcctaca agaccgacat 1200
caagctggac atcacctccc acaacgagga ctacaccatc gtggaacagt acgagcgcgc 1260
cgagggccgc cactccaccg gcgcctaaga attggccgcg actctagatc ataatcagcc 1320
ataccacatt tgtagaggtt ttacttgctt taaaaaacct cccacacctc cccctgaacc 1380
tgaaacataa aatgaatgca attgttgttg ttaacttgtt tattgcagct tataatggtt 1440
acaaataaag caatagcatc acaaatttca caaataaagc atttttttca ctgcattcta 1500
gttgtggtag gccgatatcc cggcggagta ctgtcctccg agcggagtac tgtcctccga 1560
gcggagtact gtcctccgag cggagtactg tcctccgagc ggagtactgt cctccgagca 1620
tcgcgtctca gcctcacttt aagcttcgcg aggcgaaact cgtaaatggt gccgatgctc 1680
tggaagagag ggatcaggcg gtcctcgtac acgtcgttcg ggatctgact gatgaaaacc 1740
tcacagcccg aaccaggagc aggaccctgc caacctggag gaggaccacc atatttcctc 1800
tgcccattga cttgggttaa agtgatggag ttcctctgca tccattcctg cagagacttg 1860
agtttctgcg ggttcagaat ctgctgaagc tcctgctgct gggcatccat gtctccgacc 1920
atctgtgatg atgatgatag acacacctgt aaattggtgg aaaagtcaag aaaaggtcat 1980
atctagataa ctgatcataa tcagccatac cacatttgta gaggttttac ttgctttaaa 2040
aaacctccca cacctccccc tgaacctgaa acataaaatg aatgcaattg ttgttgttaa 2100
cttgtttatt gcagcttata atggttacaa ataaagcaat agcatcacaa atttcacaaa 2160
taaagcattt ttttcactgc attctagttg tggtttgtcc aaacgcggcc gcc 2213
Claims (1)
1.一种控制鱼类生殖的方法,其步骤是:
(1)外源基因导入:采用显微注射法将重组基因CMV-eGFP-SV40-CMV-Gal4-SV40和CMV-RFP-SV40-UAS-antisense dnd分别导入斑马鱼受精卵中,得到P0代转GAL4基因斑马鱼和转UAS-antisense dnd基因斑马鱼;
所述的重组基因CMV-eGFP-SV40-CMV-Gal4-SV40,其序列为SEQ ID NO.1所示;
所述的重组基因CMV-RFP-SV40-UAS-antisense dnd,其序列为SEQ ID NO.2所示;
(2)获得转基因鱼纯合子:表达绿色荧光蛋白的为P0代转GAL4基因斑马鱼;表达红色荧光蛋白的为P0代转UAS-antisense dnd基因斑马鱼;将两种P0代转基因斑马鱼分别与对照斑马鱼杂交,分别获得F1代转GAL4基因斑马鱼和转UAS-antisense dnd基因斑马鱼;将F1代转基因GAL4斑马鱼自交,在F2代中获得转GAL4基因斑马鱼纯合子;将F1代转UAS-antisense dnd基因斑马鱼自交,在F2代中获得转UAS-antisense dnd基因斑马鱼纯合子;
(3)转基因鱼杂交:以转GAL4基因斑马鱼纯合子和转UAS-antisense dnd基因斑马鱼纯合子为亲本,进行两个家系的转基因鱼杂交,两个家系杂交产生的后代鱼生殖败育。
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