CN103085783A - High-speed bullet train with end plates and air brake ground effect wings - Google Patents
High-speed bullet train with end plates and air brake ground effect wings Download PDFInfo
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- CN103085783A CN103085783A CN2013100346185A CN201310034618A CN103085783A CN 103085783 A CN103085783 A CN 103085783A CN 2013100346185 A CN2013100346185 A CN 2013100346185A CN 201310034618 A CN201310034618 A CN 201310034618A CN 103085783 A CN103085783 A CN 103085783A
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- ground effect
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-speed bullet train with end plates and air brake ground effect wings, and belongs to the technical field of high-speed bullet trains. Ground effect wings are installed on a high-speed bullet train engine and two sides, close to the ground portion, of each compartment in an equal altitude and evenly spaced mode, an end plate is arranged on a wingtip of each ground effect wings, and meanwhile an air brake is arranged on the upper surface of each ground effect wings. The high-speed bullet train with the end plates and the air brake ground effect wings is suitable for a current railway system, abrasion loss between wheel tracks is reduced to some extent, maintenance cost is reduced, and emergency braking distance is shortened effectively. Good air dynamic characteristics are utilized sufficiently, ground effect characteristics of the ground effect wings are enlarged by the end plates additionally, emergency braking is achieved effectively by pneumatic braking, and mechanical wear is reduced greatly. The defects that an existing high-speed bullet train is critical in abrasion between wheel tracks and reconstruction of railway track network of magnetic suspension trains are overcome.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the high speed motor car technical field, be specifically related to a kind of high speed motor car with end plate and flap ground effect wing.
Background technology
At first, many technical bottlenecks that high speed motor car faces when speed-raising, continuous improvement along with high-performance motor has obtained solution to a certain extent, but its cost of bringing is also huge, such as serious wheel-rail wear and tear and the high maintenance costs of the bringing thus (document that sees reference [1]: RaghunathanR.S., Kim H.-D., Setoguchi T.Aerodynamics of High-Speed Railway Train[J] .Progress inAerospace Science, 2002,38:469-514).Studies show that in a large number, along with the high speed motor car speed of a motor vehicle increases, the wheel-rail wear and tear amount reduces, the contact fatigue aggravation; And along with axle heavily increases, the wheel-rail wear and tear amount increases sharply, and contact fatigue weakens; Exist the coupling relation of vying each other and restricting between Wheel/rail fatigue damage and wearing and tearing, during high speed, wheel track damage is take fatigue as main, and during heavy duty, to damage to wear and tear be main to wheel track.Because the speed of a motor vehicle of high speed motor car own is fixed up basically as advantage, therefore be difficult to reduce fatigue damage; And the positive pressure between the reduction wheel track can reduce the abrasion loss between wheel track, and the separation between wheel track can be eliminated wheel-rail wear and tear.Given this, Japan, Germany and China have developed respectively magnetic suspension train separately to expect by eliminating wheel-rail wear and tear separating between wheel track, magnetic suspension train has high speed, low noise advantages in addition, but it also has obvious defective, for example, must again build special-purpose rail, high-intensity magnetic field destruction ecology environment etc.Raising along with high speed motor car speed, must improve the requirement that its brake mode satisfies the short range braking, high speed motor car generally comprises conventional brake and emergency braking, wherein emergency stopping distance is the important technology index of check motor-car braking potential and safety in operation, is also simultaneously the important evidence that communication and signal system design and Transportation Organization are made rational planning for.Comprehensive many-sided factor is considered, the high speed motor car brake system must possess following condition: shorten as much as possible stopping distance with guarantee driving safety, guarantee not slide when braking at a high speed, the brake system manoeuvrable is reliable, alleviates brake equipment weight under the brake request prerequisite satisfying as far as possible.At present, the conventional brake device can satisfy normal operation brake request, and the braking of high speed Emergency time still is subject to serious test.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is mainly to solve the problem that existing high speed motor car wheel-rail wear and tear is serious and magnetic suspension train must be rebuild the rail network, has brought simultaneously the income of the aspects such as high speed motor car emergency braking system.
The present invention is on the basis of the wheel rail system that has taken into full account existing high speed motor car, brake system, maintenance system, existing high speed motor car is redesigned, closely face portion has installed ground effect wing with end plate and flap additional in vehicle body both sides, has formed a kind of novel high speed motor car.Upper surface additional design flap at ground effect wing, carry out air brake by opening flap in the short time at the utmost point, because air resistance is directly proportional to the speed quadratic power, therefore adopt air brake to shorten stopping distance by actv. when high speed, improve the in emergency circumstances safety of motor-car, and this mode can reduce mechanical wear greatly.
The invention provides a kind of high speed motor car with end plate and flap ground effect wing, the equidistant equal altitudes in both sides in the locomotive of described high speed motor car and every joint compartment is equipped with ground effect wing, described ground effect wing is 0.35m～0.5m from the rail base height, 3～5 ground effect wings of the one-sided installation in every joint compartment.
Described ground effect wing layout is rectangular wing, and aspect ratio is 1.5 ~ 2, and chord length is 1m, and half length is 0.75～1m, and setting angle is 4 °～6 °; The aerofoil profile of ground effect wing is selected the more smooth aerofoil profile of lower surface (preferred lower surface is the plane), the ground effect superior performance of such aerofoil profile.
Described ground effect wing is affixed to the side in compartment by front-axle beam.The ground effect wing covering adopts aluminum alloy or composite material, and ground effect wing inside is truss structure.The wingtip place of ground effect wing connects end plate by bonding or riveting method, and the upper surface of ground effect wing is provided with box structure in addition, is used for installing additional flap.
Described end plate envelope is entirely imitated thriving type profile, and enveloping surface exceeds the ground effect wing chord length of ground effect wing aerofoil profile at least 10%, and the leading edge of end plate is arc transition, and end plate is dull and stereotyped.End plate and ground effect wing adopt commaterial, and the connection mode of described end plate and ground effect wing is: adopt riveted joint when material is aluminum alloy, adopts bonding when material is composite material.
Described flap is the part in the middle of the ground effect wing upper surface, and the front end of flap control surface is 20% chord length apart from the ground effect wing leading edge, and flap control surface rear end is 10% chord length apart from the ground effect wing trailing edge.The control surface chordwise location length of flap is 0.7m, and exhibition is 60%～80% half length to position length, and after flap was opened, the folded acute angle in incoming flow and flap plane was 60 °～80 °.Flap is controlled by hydraulic actuator, control mechanism guarantees that flap rotates around the fixed axis of its installation, and fixed axis is in the leading edge of flap, and flap can upwards be opened by trailing edge at short notice fast, flap is closed under normal circumstances, does not produce extra resistance.
To sum up, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the present invention is applicable to the existing railway system, has reduced to a certain extent the abrasion loss between wheel track, thereby has reduced the maintenance cost of wheel track, has effectively shortened emergency stopping distance;
(2) the present invention takes full advantage of the good aerodynamic characteristics of ground effect wing, and end plate has additionally enlarged the ground effect characteristic of ground effect wing, and aerodynamic brake can be realized emergency braking by actv., and greatly reduces mechanical wear.
(3) the present invention has made up the shortcoming that existing high speed motor car wheel-rail wear and tear is serious and magnetic suspension train is rebuild the rail network.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the high speed motor car structural representation with end plate and flap ground effect wing provided by the invention;
Fig. 2 is partial enlarged drawing and the ground effect wing mounting arrangement schematic diagram of the high speed motor car with end plate and flap ground effect wing provided by the invention;
Fig. 3 a and Fig. 3 b be in the present invention on ground effect wing flap open structural representation with closed condition;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the end plate described in the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the horizontal projection schematic diagram of ground effect wing upper surface in the present invention.
In figure: 1. ground effect wing, 2. front-axle beam, 3. covering, 4. truss structure, 5. end plate, 6. flap, 7. connecting rod mechanism.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
The present invention is incorporated into the ground effect wing in aviation field on existing high speed motor car, thereby the part positive pressure that reduces between wheel track to the aerodynamic lift that produces by ground effect wing reduces wheel-rail wear and tear to a certain extent, can utilize existing railway network to reducing the construction costs simultaneously.And in wing design, high with the rectangle ground effect wing pneumatic efficiency of end plate, design relatively simply, make processing easy for installation, be a kind of comparatively ideal selection.
The invention provides a kind of high speed motor car with end plate and flap ground effect wing, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, bilateral symmetry in the locomotive of high speed motor car and every joint compartment is equipped with ground effect wing 1,1 of ground effect wing equidistantly distributes, the ground effect wing 1 that each both sides, compartment magnitude setting is identical is generally selected 3～5 ground effect wings.Ground effect wing 1 is 0.35m～0.5m from rail base height h.
Described ground effect wing 1 layout is rectangular wing, and as Fig. 5, aspect ratio is 1.5 ~ 2, and chord length C is 1m, and half length L is 0.75～1m, and setting angle is 4 °～6 °; The aerofoil profile of ground effect wing 1 is selected the more smooth aerofoil profile of lower surface (preferred lower surface is the plane), the ground effect superior performance of such aerofoil profile.
Described ground effect wing 1 is affixed to the side in locomotive and compartment by front-axle beam 2, as Fig. 3 a and Fig. 3 b.The covering 3 of ground effect wing 1 adopts aluminum alloy or composite materials, and ground effect wing 1 inside is truss structure 4.The wingtip place of ground effect wing 1 connects end plate 5 by bonding or riveting method, and the upper surface of ground effect wing 1 is provided with box structure in addition, is used for installing additional flap 6.
Described end plate 5 envelopes are entirely imitated thriving type profile, and enveloping surface exceeds the ground effect wing chord length C of ground effect wing aerofoil profile at least 10%, as shown in Figure 5.The leading edge of end plate 5 is arc transition, and as Fig. 4, end plate 5 is slab construction.End plate 5 and ground effect wing 1 adopt commaterial, and the connection mode of described end plate 5 and ground effect wing 1 is: adopt riveted joint when material is aluminum alloy, adopts bonding when material is composite material.
A part in the middle of the upper surface that described flap 6 is ground effect wing 1, the front end of flap 6 control surface is apart from ground effect wing leading edge L
1Be 20% chord length, flap control surface rear end is apart from ground effect wing trailing edge L
2It is 10% chord length.The control surface chordwise location length L of flap
3Be 0.7m, exhibition is to position length L
4Be 60%～80% half length, after flap was opened, the folded acute angle D in incoming flow and flap plane was 60 °～80 °.Flap is controlled by connecting rod mechanism 7 by hydraulic actuator, control mechanism guarantees that flap rotates around the fixed axis of its installation, fixed axis is in the leading edge of flap, flap can upwards be opened by trailing edge at short notice fast, flap is closed under normal circumstances, does not produce extra resistance.
Embodiment
Select CRH2 type electric rail car group as basic profile, improve on this basis design, the novel high speed motor-car is totally 3 joints and be full movable model.Closely face portion is axially equidistantly installed ground effect wings 1 along vehicle body in the middle of two bogie trucks in the both sides, every joint compartment of high speed motor car, the quantity that every side is installed ground effect wing 1 is 3, ground effect wing is equidistantly 4m, terrain clearance h is 0.35m, in addition because the lower edge of end plate 5 is parallel to the ground, therefore the stagger angle of this moment equals angle of attack AOA, as seen from Figure 4.
The ground effect wing layout is rectangular wing in Fig. 3, and aspect ratio is 2, is 1m etc. chord length C, and half length L is 1m, and figure can be referring to Fig. 5 in detail.Aerofoil profile is selected the NACA6409 aerofoil profile.Ground effect wing is fixedly connected on vehicle body side by front-axle beam 2, and the covering of ground effect wing 3 adopts composite materials, and ground effect wing inside is truss structure 4.The wingtip place of ground effect wing connects end plate 5 by bonding way, and the part of the upper surface of ground effect wing 1 is designed to box structure in addition, is used for designing and installs additional flap 6.
The design drawing of end plate 5 is seen Fig. 4, and inner camber line is the projection line of ground effect wing 1.End plate 5 whole ground effect wing 1 aerofoil profiles of envelope, enveloping surface exceeds ground effect wing 1 aerofoil profile 0.1m, and the leading edge of end plate 5 is arc transition, and end plate 5 is dull and stereotyped, and dull and stereotyped thickness is 0.05m.
The design size of flap 6 is referring to Fig. 5, and the front end of flap control surface is apart from ground effect wing leading edge L
1Be 0.2m, the rear end is apart from ground effect wing trailing edge L
2Be 0.1m.The control surface chordwise location length L of flap
3Be 0.7m, exhibition is to position length L
4Be 0.6m, after flap was opened, the folded acute angle D in incoming flow and flap plane was 60 °～80 °.Flap drives control by hydraulic actuator by connecting rod mechanism 7.
The operating operating mode of high speed motor car: in the process of normally running at high speed, flap is in closed condition, when the emergency state occurring in running at high speed, by hydraulic actuator, flap 6 is opened fast and is carried out emergency braking.
The weight loss effect of experiment quantitative measurment ground effect wing, lift contrast (as the following table 1) result after obtaining never adding ground effect wing and installing ground effect wing additional can find out that ground effect wing has produced due weight loss effect, lift coefficient improves significantly to more than 1.7.
The contrast of lift coefficient after table 1 does not add ground effect wing and installs ground effect wing additional
| ? | Do not add ground effect wing | Install ground effect wing additional |
| Lift coefficient | 0.212336 | 1.700594 |
The model that experiment is adopted is 3 joints, comprises front truck, trailer, each joint of middle car, and model is 1/25 of actual design size.In order to characterize better the loss of weight amount, in every side of whole train, 14 ground effect wings have been installed altogether, the ground effect wing ground clearance is 0.35 times of chord length, and the ground effect wing angle of attack is 4 °, and speed of incoming flow is 80m/s.Experimental lift coefficient is converted into real vehicle loss of weight amount.Lift coefficient is defined as: CL=L/0.5 ρ V
2S, wherein CL is lift coefficient, and L is lift, and ρ is density of air, and V is moving velocity, S is the design cross-sectional area.The design weight of 3 joint motor-cars is 150t, and the design cross-sectional area is 10.8m
2, density of air is 1.225Kg/m
3, not adding in the ground effect wing situation simple vehicle body loss of weight is 0.91t, but adds that the loss of weight amount after ground effect wing is 7.3t.Along with speed increases, suppose that above-mentioned lift coefficient remains unchanged, the contrast of the loss of weight amount under all speed conditions is as shown in table 2 below:
Table 2 loss of weight amount is with the variation contrast form of speed
In sum, adopt end plate provided by the invention and flap ground effect wing structure,
Can hold up motor-car part weight by the motor-car lift that ground effect wing produces when running at high speed, reduce the positive pressure between wheel track, thereby reduced wheel-rail wear and tear amount and maintenance cost.
Claims (6)
1. high speed motor car with end plate and flap ground effect wing, it is characterized in that: closely the face portion equal altitudes is equidistantly installed ground effect wing in the both sides in high speed motor car locomotive and every joint compartment, the wingtip of each ground effect wing is installed end plate, and the upper surface at ground effect wing arranges flap simultaneously.
2. a kind of high speed motor car with end plate and flap ground effect wing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described ground effect wing is rectangular wing, aspect ratio is 1.5 ~ 2, chord length is 1m, half length is 0.75 ~ 1m, the setting angle of ground effect wing is 4 °～6 °, and the aerofoil profile lower surface of ground effect wing is the plane; Ground effect wing is 0.35m ~ 0.5m from the rail base height.
3. a kind of high speed motor car with end plate and flap ground effect wing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described end plate envelope is entirely imitated thriving type profile, enveloping surface exceeds the chord length of ground effect wing section at least 10%, the leading edge of end plate is arc transition, end plate is dull and stereotyped, and end plate is connected in the wingtip of ground effect wing.
4. a kind of high speed motor car with end plate and flap ground effect wing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described flap is the part of ground effect wing upper surface, the front end of flap control surface is 20% chord length apart from the ground effect wing leading edge, the rear end is 10% chord length apart from the ground effect wing trailing edge, the control surface exhibition of flap is 60% ~ 80% half length to position length, after flap was opened, the folded acute angle in incoming flow and flap plane was 60 ° ~ 80 °.
5. a kind of high speed motor car with end plate and flap ground effect wing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described flap is controlled by hydraulic actuator, and the fixed axis of flap is arranged on the leading edge of flap.
6. a kind of high speed motor car with end plate and flap ground effect wing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described ground effect wing arranges respectively 3 ~ 5 in the both sides in locomotive and every joint compartment.
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| CN201310034618.5A CN103085783B (en) | 2013-01-29 | 2013-01-29 | High-speed bullet train with end plates and air brake ground effect wings |
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| CN201310034618.5A CN103085783B (en) | 2013-01-29 | 2013-01-29 | High-speed bullet train with end plates and air brake ground effect wings |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103587544A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-02-19 | 米建军 | Reduction gear for rail transit |
| WO2015095988A1 (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-07-02 | 王子捷 | Streamlining foil induction method for train |
| CN110442888A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2019-11-12 | 中国航天科工飞航技术研究院（中国航天海鹰机电技术研究院） | A kind of suspension sledge vehicle and design method |
| WO2020001080A1 (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2020-01-02 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Maglev vehicle and braking apparatus therefor |
| CN113911143A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2022-01-11 | 重庆理工大学 | Pneumatic suspension train |
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| FR3116785A1 (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2022-06-03 | Speedinnov | Car for railway vehicle with aerodynamic stabilizing element |
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| CN113911143A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2022-01-11 | 重庆理工大学 | Pneumatic suspension train |
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