CN103085783B - High-speed bullet train with end plates and air brake ground effect wings - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-speed train with an end plate and a speed brake ground effect wing, belonging to the technical field of high-speed trains. In the present invention, ground-effect wings are installed at equal heights and equal distances on both sides of the high-speed train locomotive and each car near the ground, and end plates are installed on the tip of each ground-effect wing, and speed brakes are arranged on the upper surface of the ground-effect wing. The invention is applicable to the current railway system, reduces the amount of wear between the wheel and the rail to a certain extent, thus reduces the maintenance cost, and effectively shortens the emergency braking distance; fully utilizes the excellent aerodynamic characteristics of the ground effect wing, and the end plate is additionally The ground effect characteristics of the ground effect wing are expanded, and the aerodynamic brake can effectively realize emergency braking and greatly reduce mechanical wear. It makes up for the serious wear and tear of the existing high-speed train wheels and the shortcomings of the rail network reconstruction of the maglev train.

Description

A high-speed motor car with end plates and speed brakes with ground effect wings

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of high-speed motor vehicles, and in particular relates to a high-speed motor vehicle with an end plate and a deceleration plate ground effect wing.

Background technique

First of all, many technical bottlenecks faced by high-speed EMUs when speeding up have been solved to a certain extent with the continuous improvement of high-performance electric motors, but the costs it brings are also huge, such as severe wheel-rail wear and the resulting The high maintenance cost (see reference [1]: RaghunathanR.S., Kim H.-D., Setoguchi T.Aerodynamics ofHigh-Speed Railway Train[J].Progress inAerospace Science,2002,38:469-514) . A large number of studies have shown that as the speed of high-speed trains increases, the amount of wheel-rail wear decreases and the contact fatigue intensifies; as the axle load increases, the amount of wheel-rail wear increases rapidly and the contact fatigue weakens; there is a relationship between wheel-rail rolling fatigue damage and wear. According to the coupling relationship of mutual competition and restriction, fatigue is the main damage of wheel and rail at high speed, and wear is the main damage of wheel and rail at heavy load. Since the speed of the high-speed train itself has been basically fixed as an advantage, it is difficult to reduce fatigue damage; reducing the normal pressure between the wheel and rail can reduce the amount of wear between the wheel and rail, and the separation between the wheel and rail can eliminate the wear of the wheel and rail. In view of this, Japan, Germany, and China have developed their own maglev trains in order to eliminate wheel-rail wear through the separation between the wheel and rail. In addition, maglev trains have the advantages of high speed and low noise, but they also have obvious defects, for example, Dedicated rails must be rebuilt, and strong magnetic fields destroy the ecological environment. With the increase of the speed of high-speed trains, its braking method must be improved to meet the requirements of short-distance braking. High-speed trains generally include conventional braking and emergency braking. The emergency braking distance is to test the braking ability and operational safety of trains. It is also an important basis for the design of communication signal systems and the rational planning of transportation organizations. Considering various factors, the braking system of high-speed motor vehicles must meet the following conditions: shorten the braking distance as much as possible to ensure driving safety, ensure that no coasting occurs during high-speed braking, and the braking system is flexible and reliable in operation. Reduce the weight of the braking device as much as possible. At present, the conventional braking device can meet the braking requirements of normal operation, but the braking at high-speed emergency is still severely tested.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is mainly to solve the problems that the existing high-speed train wheel rails are seriously worn and the maglev train must rebuild the rail network, and at the same time, it brings benefits in the high-speed train emergency braking system and the like.

On the basis of fully considering the wheel-rail system, brake system and maintenance system of the current high-speed motor car, the present invention redesigns the current high-speed motor car, and installs end plates and deceleration plates on both sides of the car body near the ground. The ground effect wing has formed a new type of high-speed train. The speed brake is additionally designed on the upper surface of the ground effect wing, and the air brake is performed by opening the speed brake in a very short time. Since the air resistance is proportional to the square of the speed, the air brake can effectively shorten the speed at high speed. The braking distance can improve the safety of the train in an emergency, and this method can greatly reduce mechanical wear.

The invention provides a high-speed motor car with end plates and speed brake ground effect wings. The locomotive of the high-speed motor car and the two sides of each carriage are equidistant and equidistant from the ground effect wings, and the ground effect wings are separated from the rail base. The height is 0.35m~0.5m, and 3~5 ground effect wings are installed on one side of each carriage.

The layout of the ground effect wing is a rectangular wing, the aspect ratio is 1.5~2, the chord length is 1m, the half-span length is 0.75~1m, and the installation angle is 4°~6°; the airfoil profile of the ground effect wing is selected as follows The airfoil with a relatively flat surface (preferably the lower surface is a plane), and the ground effect performance of this type of airfoil is superior.

The ground effect wing is fixedly connected to the side of the compartment through the front beam. The skin of the ground effect wing is made of aluminum alloy or composite material, and the interior of the ground effect wing is a truss structure. The tip of the ground effect wing is connected to the end plate by bonding or riveting, and the upper surface of the ground effect wing is provided with a box structure, which is used to install the speed brake.

The end plate envelops the entire WIG airfoil profile, the envelope surface exceeds the WIG chord length by at least 10% of the WIG chord length, the leading edge of the end plate is a circular arc transition, and the end plate is a flat plate. The same material is used for the end plate and the ground effect wing, and the connection method of the end plate and the ground effect wing is as follows: when the material is aluminum alloy, riveting is used, and when the material is composite material, bonding is used.

The speed brake is a part in the middle of the upper surface of the ground effect wing, the front end of the speed brake control surface is 20% of the chord length from the front edge of the ground effect wing, and the rear end of the speed brake control surface is 10% of the chord length from the ground effect wing trailing edge . The chord position length of the control surface of the speed brake is 0.7m, and the length of the span direction position is 60% to 80% of the half-span length. After the speed brake is opened, the acute angle between the incoming flow and the speed brake plane is 60° to 80°. The speed brake is controlled by a hydraulic actuator, and the control mechanism ensures that the speed brake rotates around its fixed axis. The fixed axis is at the front edge of the speed brake, and the speed brake can be quickly opened upwards from the rear edge in a short time. The plates are closed and create no additional resistance.

In summary, the present invention has the advantages of:

(1) The present invention is applicable to the current railway system, which reduces the amount of wear between the wheel and rail to a certain extent, thereby reducing the maintenance cost of the wheel and rail, and effectively shortening the emergency braking distance;

(2) The present invention makes full use of the excellent aerodynamic characteristics of the ground effect wing, the end plate additionally expands the ground effect characteristics of the ground effect wing, the aerodynamic brake can effectively realize emergency braking, and greatly reduces mechanical wear.

(3) The present invention makes up for the serious wear and tear of the existing high-speed moving wheel rails and the shortcomings of the rail network reconstruction of the maglev train.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the high-speed train with end plate and speed brake ground effect wing provided by the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a partial enlarged view and a schematic diagram of the installation layout of the ground effect wing of the high-speed train with end plate and speed brake ground effect wing provided by the present invention;

Fig. 3a and Fig. 3b are the structure schematic diagrams of the open and closed states of the speed brake on the ground effect wing in the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the end plate described in the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the horizontal projection of the upper surface of the wing in ground effect in the present invention.

In the figure: 1. Ground effect wing, 2. Front beam, 3. Skin, 4. Truss structure, 5. End plate, 6. Speed brake, 7. Link mechanism.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

The present invention introduces ground effect wings in the field of aviation to the existing high-speed trains, in order to reduce the partial positive pressure between the wheel and rail through the aerodynamic lift produced by the ground effect Existing rail network to reduce construction costs. In the wing design, the rectangular ground-effect wing with end plates has high aerodynamic efficiency, relatively simple design, and convenient manufacturing, processing and installation, which is an ideal choice.

The present invention provides a kind of high-speed motor car with end plate and speed brake ground effect wing, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the locomotive of high-speed motor car and the both sides of each compartment are symmetrically installed with ground effect wing 1, ground effect wing 1 room is equidistantly distributed, and the same number of ground effect wings 1 are set on both sides of each carriage. Generally, 3 to 5 ground effect wings are selected. The height h of the ground effect wing 1 from the rail base is 0.35m-0.5m.

The layout of the ground effect wing 1 is a rectangular wing, as shown in Figure 5, the aspect ratio is 1.5~2, the chord length C is 1m, the half-span length L is 0.75~1m, and the installation angle is 4°~6°; The airfoil section of the wing 1 is an airfoil with a relatively flat lower surface (preferably a flat lower surface), and this type of airfoil has superior ground effect performance.

The ground effect wing 1 is fixedly connected to the side of the locomotive and the carriage through the front beam 2, as shown in Fig. 3a and Fig. 3b. The skin 3 of the ground effect wing 1 is made of aluminum alloy or composite material, and the interior of the ground effect wing 1 is a truss structure 4 . The wingtip of the ground effect wing 1 is connected to the end plate 5 by bonding or riveting. In addition, the upper surface of the ground effect wing 1 is provided with a box structure for installing the speed brake 6 .

The end plate 5 envelopes the entire WIG airfoil profile, and the envelope surface exceeds the WIG chord length C by at least 10% of the WIG airfoil profile, as shown in FIG. 5 . The front edge of the end plate 5 is a circular arc transition, as shown in Figure 4, the end plate 5 is a flat plate structure. The same material is used for the end plate 5 and the ground effect wing 1, and the connection method between the end plate 5 and the ground effect wing 1 is: riveting is used when the materials are all aluminum alloy, and bonding is used when the materials are all composite materials.

The speed brake 6 is a part in the middle of the upper surface of the ground effect wing 1, the front end of the speed brake 6 control surface is 20% of the chord length from the front edge _L of the ground effect wing, and the rear end of the speed brake control surface is distanced from the ground effect wing. Edge L ₂ is 10% of the chord length. The length L ₃ of the chord position of the control surface of the speed brake is 0.7m, and the length L ₄ of the span direction position is 60% to 80% of the half-spread length. After the speed brake is opened, the acute angle D between the incoming flow and the plane of the speed brake is 60° °～80°. The speed brake is controlled by the hydraulic cylinder through the link mechanism 7. The control mechanism ensures that the speed brake rotates around the fixed axis on which it is installed. The fixed axis is at the front edge of the speed brake, and the speed brake can be quickly opened upwards from the rear edge in a short time. , under normal circumstances the speedbrake is closed and does not generate additional resistance.

Example

The CRH2 electric train set is selected as the basic shape, and the design is improved on this basis. The new high-speed train has 3 sections and is a full-motion model. Install ground effect wings 1 at equal intervals between the two bogies along the body axis on both sides of each car of the high-speed motor car near the ground. The number of ground effect wings 1 installed on each side is 3, and the equal distance between ground effect wings is 4m. , the height h from the ground is 0.35m, and because the lower edge of the end plate 5 is parallel to the ground, the installation angle at this time is equal to the angle of attack AOA, as can be seen from Figure 4.

In Figure 3, the ground effect wing layout is a rectangular wing, the aspect ratio is 2, the equal chord length C is 1m, and the half-span length L is 1m. See Figure 5 for detailed graphics. Airfoil selection NACA6409 airfoil. The ground effect wing is fixedly connected to the side of the vehicle body through the front beam 2, the skin 3 of the ground effect wing is made of composite material, and the interior of the ground effect wing is a truss structure 4. The tip of the ground effect wing is connected to the end plate 5 by bonding, and a part of the upper surface of the ground effect wing 1 is designed as a box structure, which is used to design and install the speed brake 6 .

The design drawing of the end plate 5 is shown in FIG. 4 , and the inner arc is the projection line of the ground effect wing 1 . The end plate 5 envelopes the entire airfoil profile of the ground effect wing 1, and the envelope surface exceeds the airfoil profile of the ground effect wing 1 by 0.1m. m.

The design dimensions of the speed brake 6 are shown in Fig. 5, the front end of the speed brake control surface is 0.2m from the leading edge _L1 of the ground effect wing, and the rear end is 0.1m from the trailing edge _L2 of the ground effect wing. The length L ₃ of the control surface of the speed brake is 0.7m in the chord direction, and the length L ₄ of the span direction is 0.6m. After the speed brake is opened, the acute angle D between the incoming flow and the plane of the speed brake is 60°-80°. The speed brake is driven and controlled by the hydraulic cylinder through the linkage mechanism 7.

Operation mode during high-speed EMU running: During normal high-speed driving, the speed brake is closed. When an emergency occurs during high-speed driving, the speed brake 6 is quickly opened by the hydraulic actuator for emergency braking.

The experiment quantitatively measured the weight reduction effect of the ground effect wing, and obtained the comparison of the lift force between the non-ground effect wing and the installation of the ground effect wing (see Table 1 below). It can be seen that the ground effect wing has produced the weight reduction effect that it should The lift coefficient is significantly increased to over 1.7.

Table 1 Comparison of lift coefficient without ground effect wing and with ground effect wing

Wing without ground effect Add ground effect wing lift coefficient 0.212336 1.700594

The model used in the experiment is 3 sections, including one section for the front car, one rear car, and one middle car. The model is 1/25 of the actual design size. In order to better characterize the weight reduction, a total of 14 ground-effect wings are installed on each side of the entire train. The ground-effect wing distance from the ground is 0.35 times the chord length, the ground-effect wing angle of attack is 4°, and the incoming flow velocity is 80m /s. According to the lift coefficient of the experiment, it is converted into the weight loss of the real vehicle. The definition of the lift coefficient is: CL=L/0.5ρV ² S, where CL is the lift coefficient, L is the lift force, ρ is the air density, V is the driving speed, and S is the design cross-sectional area. The design weight of the 3-section motor car is 150t, the design cross-sectional area is 10.8m ² , and the air density is 1.225Kg/m ³ , so the weight reduction of the simple body is 0.91t without adding ground effect wings, but after adding ground effect wings The weight loss is 7.3t. As the speed increases, assuming that the above-mentioned lift coefficient remains unchanged, the comparison of weight loss under all speed conditions is shown in Table 2 below:

Table 2 Comparison table of weight reduction with speed

In summary, using the end plate and speed brake ground effect wing structure provided by the present invention,

Part of the weight of the starting car can be supported by the lift generated by the ground effect wing when the moving car is running at high speed, and the positive pressure between the wheel and rail can be reduced, thereby reducing the wear of the wheel and rail and maintenance costs.

Claims (4)

1. A high-speed bullet train with end plate and speed brake ground-effect wings is characterized in that: the ground-effect wings are installed at equal heights and equal intervals near the ground part on both sides of the high-speed bullet train locomotive and each compartment, and each ground-effect wing The end plate is installed on the tip of the wing, and the speed brake is set on the upper surface of the ground effect wing; the speed brake is controlled by a hydraulic actuator, and the fixed axis of the speed brake is arranged on the leading edge of the speed brake; the ground effect wing It is a rectangular wing with an aspect ratio of 1.5-2, a chord length of 1m, and a half-span length of 0.75-1m. The installation angle of the ground-effect wing is 4°-6°, and the lower surface of the airfoil section of the ground-effect wing is a plane ; The height of the ground effect wing from the rail base is 0.35m~0.5m. 2. A high-speed motor vehicle with an end plate and a speed brake ground effect wing according to claim 1, characterized in that: said end plate envelopes the entire ground effect wing airfoil section, and the envelope surface exceeds the ground effect wing The section is at least 10% of the chord length, the leading edge of the end plate is a circular arc transition, the end plate is a flat plate, and the end plate is fixedly connected to the tip of the ground effect wing. 3. A kind of high-speed motor vehicle with end plate and speed brake ground effect wing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the described speed brake is a part of the ground effect wing upper surface, and the front end distance of the speed brake control surface The leading edge of the ground effect wing is 20% of the chord length, and the distance between the rear end and the trailing edge of the ground effect wing is 10% of the chord length. The acute angle between the incoming flow and the plane of the speed brake is 60°～80°. 4. A high-speed bullet train with end plates and speed brake ground effect wings according to claim 1, characterized in that: 3 to 5 ground effect wings are respectively arranged on both sides of the locomotive and each carriage .