CN103080284A - 聚酯多胺和聚酯聚季铵化合物作为腐蚀抑制剂的用途 - Google Patents

聚酯多胺和聚酯聚季铵化合物作为腐蚀抑制剂的用途 Download PDF

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CN103080284A
CN103080284A CN2011800418375A CN201180041837A CN103080284A CN 103080284 A CN103080284 A CN 103080284A CN 2011800418375 A CN2011800418375 A CN 2011800418375A CN 201180041837 A CN201180041837 A CN 201180041837A CN 103080284 A CN103080284 A CN 103080284A
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P-E·海尔伯格
N·格罗绍夫塞瓦
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Abstract

本发明涉及聚酯胺或聚酯聚季铵化合物作为金属表面的腐蚀抑制剂的用途，和通过使金属表面与所述腐蚀抑制剂接触而保护金属表面以防腐蚀的方法。

Description

聚酯多胺和聚酯聚季铵化合物作为腐蚀抑制剂的用途
本发明技术领域
本发明涉及聚酯胺或聚酯聚季铵化合物作为金属表面的腐蚀抑制剂的用途，和通过使金属表面与所述腐蚀抑制剂接触而保护金属表面以防腐蚀的方法。
本发明技术背景
腐蚀通常是油和天然气田方法中，例如原油运输和油或天然气井中的严重问题。这可能是由于溶解气体如二氧化碳或硫化氢分别导致含铁金属表面上的所谓甜和酸腐蚀。另一严重的腐蚀来源为与油和天然气共同产生的水中通常高的电解质浓度。另外，严重的腐蚀风险在遭遇的所谓酸刺激或压裂操作中使用无机或有机酸以提高油和天然气井的生产率时是明显的。钻井操作中还通常需要使用腐蚀抑制剂，例如在钻井液中。当例如来自加工原油的盐或酸组分导致含铁金属的腐蚀时，腐蚀问题还通常是下游方法如精炼厂中的问题。
不同类型的含氮化合物如脂肪胺、烷氧基化脂肪胺、酰胺胺和季铵化合物是各种体系中所用腐蚀抑制剂配制剂的熟知基础。
US5352377和US5456731例如公开了烃基取代的羧酸酐，更尤其是烃基取代的琥珀酸酐，与氨基链烷醇，例如乙氧基化脂肪烷基单胺或乙氧基化脂肪烷基丙二胺的反应产物，所述产物在润滑剂和燃料应用中可提供有效的抗磨、防锈和腐蚀抑制性能。
US5178786涉及腐蚀抑制组合物和它们在官能流体，尤其是含水水力流体中的用途。这些组合物包含至少四种组分A、B、C和D，其中组分D为通过烷基或链烯基琥珀酸酐与链烷醇胺反应而形成的酯盐。优选的链烷醇胺例如为二甲基乙醇胺、二乙基乙醇胺和甲基乙基乙醇胺，因此优选的产物D不是聚合物。
还存在大量专利公开，其中基于二羧酸/酐和乙氧基化(脂肪烷基)胺的低聚/聚合含氮酯连接化合物用于其他应用/体系中。例如，在EP0572881中，公开了由氧基烷基化伯脂肪胺和二羧酸得到的产物用于分离油包水型石油乳液的方法中。US4781730公开了多元酸和聚羟基链烷醇胺的反应产物，其为用于降低车辆的阀座衰退的燃料添加剂组合物中的组分。US5034444公开了非水涂料组合物的流变添加剂，其可以为烷氧基化脂族含氮化合物与有机聚羧酸酐或酸的反应产物。EP0035263A2公开了通过二羧酸与烷氧基化叔胺之间反应而产生的聚酯化合物和它们作为纺织品柔化剂的用途。US5284495公开了可通过酐如邻苯二甲酸酐和含二元醇长链胺如乙氧基化十八烷基胺聚合而制备的低聚物/聚合物。这些产物用作改进蒸馏物燃料的低温性能的添加剂。US5710110公开了含有油井流体防沉降添加剂的钻井液组合物，所述添加剂为反应产物，其中反应物为一种或多种烷氧基化脂族氨基化合物和有机聚羧酸酐或酸。
在非预公布的专利申请PCT/EP2010/059325中，描述了可通过烷氧基化脂肪胺与任选季铵化的二羧酸衍生物反应而得到的聚合产物。所述产物用于腐蚀抑制，但具有与本发明产物不同的结构和性能。
尽管已开发了在淡水、海水或盐水的存在下使用的多种腐蚀抑制剂，仍需要更有效的腐蚀抑制剂，如果这些还显示出满足环境适应的严格管理要求，则尤其如此。因此，非常需要具有可接受的生物降解特征与低生物累积处理和优异技术性能组合的新腐蚀抑制剂。
发明概述
本发明的目的是至少部分地满足本领域中的上述需要并提供显示出高效力的腐蚀抑制化合物。
本发明的另一目的是提供具有有利的环境性能的腐蚀抑制化合物。
发明人发现这些目的可通过某些聚酯多胺或聚酯聚季铵化合物满足，所述化合物可通过脂肪酸、二羧酸或其衍生物和链烷醇胺缩合而得到，其中缩合产物任选通过合适的烷基化剂季铵化。
因此，在第一方面中，本发明涉及上述产物作为金属表面的腐蚀抑制剂的用途。
在第二方面中，本发明涉及通过使金属表面与有效量的如上所述腐蚀抑制剂接触而保护金属表面以防腐蚀的方法。
本发明的这些和其它方面将从以下本发明的详细描述获悉。
发明详述
本发明涉及可通过如下组分缩合而得到的产物作为金属表面的腐蚀抑制剂的用途：
具有式R1COOH(I)的脂肪酸或酸的混合物，其中R1CO为具有8-24，优选12-24，更优选14-24，最优选16-24个碳原子的酰基，其可以为饱和或不饱和、线性或支化的；和具有式(IIa)或(IIb)的二羧酸或其衍生物：
Figure BDA00002867500200031
或
其中D为-OH、-Cl或–OR3，其中R3为C1-C4烷基；R2选自直连键，式-(CH2)z-的亚烷基，其中z为1-10，优选2-4的整数，最优选4，取代亚烷基，其中所述亚烷基被1或2个-OH基团取代，基团–CH=CH-，环亚烷基，环亚烯基和亚芳基；
与具有式(III)的链烷醇胺或其部分或完全季铵化衍生物：
Figure BDA00002867500200033
其中x各自独立地为1-5的数，且∑x摩尔平均值为2-10的数，AO为具有2-4，优选2个碳原子的亚烷氧基，R4为C1-C3烷基或基团[AO]x，其中AO和x具有如上相同的含义；脂肪酸、二羧酸与链烷醇胺之间的所述反应之后任选是另一反应步骤，其中部分或全部氮原子通过与烷基化剂R5X反应而季铵化，其中R5为烃基，优选C1-C4烷基或苄基，且X-为衍生自烷基化剂R5X的阴离子。
上述缩合产物可由以下通式表示：
Figure BDA00002867500200041
其中R1、AO、x、R2和R4具有如上相同的含义；R5为烃基，优选C1-C4烷基或苄基，且X-为衍生自烷基化剂R5X的阴离子；t为0或1，优选1，且p通常为1-15的数且平均为至少1，优选至少2，最优选至少3。p的平均值取决于反应混合物中化合物(I)、(IIa)或(IIb)和(III)的摩尔比，以及反应条件。
应当理解产物混合物中可存在未完全用脂肪酸酯化的分子，但式IV产物是关键化合物。
式(I)脂肪酸的合适实例为2-乙基己酸、正辛酸、正癸酸、正十二烷酸、正十四烷酸、正十六烷酸、棕榈油酸、正十八烷酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、二十烷酸、二十二烷酸、二十四烷酸、椰油脂肪酸、油菜子脂肪酸、大豆脂肪酸、牛脂脂肪酸、妥尔油脂肪酸、鳕油酸和芥酸。
通式(IIa)或(IIb)的二羧酸衍生物可以为二羧酸本身、二羧酸氯、二羧酸的二酯或二羧酸的环酐。最合适的衍生物为二羧酸和它们的相应环酐。二羧酸衍生物的说明性实例包括草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、邻苯二甲酸、四氢邻苯二甲酸、马来酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、它们的相应酸性氯化物、它们的相应甲基或乙基酯，和它们的相应环酐。
合适的链烷醇胺为N-甲基二乙醇胺和N-甲基二异丙醇胺，其任选被氧化乙烯、氧化丙烯、氧化丁烯或其混合物烷氧基化。如果多于一种氧化烯与链烷醇胺反应，则不同的氧化烯可以以任何顺序的嵌段加入，或可以无规则地加入。烷氧基化可通过本领域已知的任何合适方法通过使用例如碱性催化剂如KOH或酸催化剂进行。
适于制备为本发明主题的产物的方法包括步骤：将如上所定义的式(I)化合物与如上所定义式(IIa)或(IIb)化合物和如上所定义的式(III)化合物混合，进行混合物中化合物之间的酯化缩合反应，将烷基化剂加入缩合反应产物中，和进行缩合产物的季铵化反应。
化合物(I)、(IIa)或(IIb)与(III)之间的酯化缩合反应本身是本领域中熟知的。反应优选在酯化催化剂，例如布朗斯台德或路易斯酸，例如甲磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、柠檬酸或BF3的存在下进行。当使用式(IIa)的二羧酸衍生物，其中D为O-R4时，反应为酯交换，或者，其可以在碱性催化剂的存在下进行。羧酸(I)也可作为例如它的甲基酯加入。或者，可使用本领域技术人员已知的起始于二羧酸的其它衍生物如它们的酐或它们的酸性氯化物的其它常规技术。
还据本领域技术人员所了解，不同的酯化反应或者可在多于一个步骤中进行，例如首先使二羧酸衍生物(IIa)或(IIb)与链烷醇胺(III)缩合，然后在下一步骤中加入羧酸(I)。反应可用或不用所加入的溶剂进行。如果反应期间存在溶剂，则溶剂应对酯化而言是惰性的，例如甲苯或二甲苯。
组分(I)、(IIa)或(IIb)与(III)之间的酯化缩合适当地通过将混合物在适当地120-220℃的温度下任选在5-200毫巴的降低压力下加热2-20小时而进行。
当式(IV)中的t为0时，产物为叔聚酯胺化合物，当t为1时，产物为聚酯聚季铵化合物。季铵化为本领域熟知的反应类型。对于季铵化步骤，烷基化剂R5X适当地选自甲基氯、甲基溴、硫酸二甲酯、硫酸二乙酯、碳酸二甲酯和苄基氯，最优选的烷基化剂为甲基氯、硫酸二甲酯、碳酸二甲酯或苄基氯。如上所述，季铵化可适当地在脂肪酸、链烷醇胺与二酸之间的缩合产物上进行。主要地，按照可选合成路线，链烷醇胺(III)的季铵化可作为第一步骤进行，这之后会是(I)、(IIa)或(IIb)与季铵化(III)之间的酯化反应。一部分或所有氮原子可被季铵化。作为另一可选方案，如果季铵化衍生物是想要的，则可在与羧酸(I)反应以前使叔链烷醇胺(III)与二羧酸衍生物(IIa)或(IIb)之间的反应产物与烷基化剂如甲基氯或硫酸二甲酯反应以得到部分或完全季铵化的产物。也可将两种方法组合使得首先将部分季铵化化合物酯化，并将所得聚酯进一步季铵化。
季铵化反应通常在水或溶剂如异丙醇(IPA)或乙醇中或在其混合物中进行。其它可选溶剂可以是乙二醇一丁醚、二(甘醇)一丁醚(BDG)，和其它乙二醇和丙二醇，例如单乙二醇(MEG)和二甘醇(DEG)。季铵化反应的反应温度适当地为20-100℃，优选至少40，更优选至少50，最优选至少55℃，且优选至多90℃。加热优选在如通过在冰乙酸中用0.1M高氯酸滴定而测量碱性氮的量为≤0.1mmol/g时停止。
优选其中产物的所有氮原子为四价的腐蚀抑制产物。
反应混合物中具有式R1COOH(I)的脂肪酸或酸混合物与链烷醇胺(III)之间的摩尔比适当地为1:1.2-1:10，更优选1:1.5-1:5，仍更优选1:2-1:4，最优选1:2-1:3，且脂肪酸(I)与二羧酸或衍生物(IIa)或(IIb)之间的比适当地为2:1-1:8，优选1:1-1:8，更优选1:1.2-1:6，仍更优选1:1.5-1:5，甚至更优选1:1.5-1:4，又更优选1:1.5-1:3，最优选1:1.5-1:2.5。
式(IV)聚合物的实例具有以下显示的结构：
Figure BDA00002867500200061
其中RC=O为具有8-24个碳原子，优选12-24个碳原子的酰基，且p为至少1，优选至少2，最优选至少3的数。
为产生其中p为3的根据以上实例的产物，使4摩尔甲基二乙醇胺与2摩尔C8-C24羧酸和3摩尔己二酸反应，其后将产物通过例如甲基氯季铵化。
根据以下所述GPC/SEC分析，实验部分的实施例中公开的产物具有聚合物特征，且在下文中，可通过上述缩合和季铵化得到的产物称为“聚合酯胺产物”或“聚合季铵酯产物”。
在工作实施例中，通过GPC/SEC分析显示本发明产物>86%w/w由具有两个脂肪酸单元、两个或更多个链烷醇胺单元和一个或多个二酸/酸酐单元的聚合物分子组成。
因此，本发明产物应优选>65%w/w，更优选>75%w/w，最优选>85%w/w由具有两个脂肪酸单元、两个或更多个链烷醇胺单元和一个或多个二酸/酸酐单元的分子组成。
另外，GPC/SEC分析与使用质谱法的馏分分析显示产物中几乎所有分子组分(>85%w/w)具有>700道尔顿的分子量。关于分析程序的细节在下面实验部分中给出。如本文所示所有分子量通过该程序测定。
在不同的国际规范中，Mw>700的产物被认为太大而不能透过生物膜，因此不能在进料链中生物累积，例如参见Manuela Pavan，Andrew P.Worth和Tatiana I.Netzeva“Review of QSAR Models forBioconcentration”，EUR22327EN，European Commission，Directorate–General Joint Research Centre，Institute for Health and ConsumerProtection，European Communities，2006。因此，从环境观点看，这是本发明产物的优点。
这类产物的实例描述于US6432895和EP1949963A1中，所述文件涉及为基于任选烷氧基化链烷醇胺、二羧酸和脂肪酸的酯化反应的链烷醇胺酯的产物，以及阳离子表面活性剂和可由其得到的酯季铵盐。主张该产物用于与本发明完全不同的技术领域中，即分别作为生产织物柔化剂和护发组合物的组分，和作为浮选非硫矿物和矿石的收集器。
在所有上述情况下，本发明腐蚀抑制剂可用于保护优选用于油田和天然气田或精炼厂中的管道、泵、罐和其它设备的金属表面，优选含铁金属或合金，例如铁和钢。
关于聚合酯胺或聚合季铵酯产物腐蚀抑制剂在各种流送管线中的使用，流体含量可经宽范围变化，例如油馏分可从油田情况下的1%至例如精炼厂中的100%变化，且就例如溶解固体和盐含量而论，可能伴随输送的水的组成也可改变许多。例如在世界海洋中，大多数海水具有3.1-3.8重量%的盐度，平均约3.5%，但当存在时，流送管线中的水可能甚至具有至多7重量%，例如至多6%，例如至多4%的盐含量。另一方面，水也可以为淡水或具有较低盐含量，例如与0.3%一样低，甚至与0.05%一样低且低至≤0.01%的微咸水；微咸水可时常显示出大的变化，具有约0.05%至3%的盐含量。
通常，使待保护的金属表面与具有如上所示不同盐含量的水接触。
在本发明的优选程序中，将聚合酯胺或聚合季铵酯腐蚀抑制剂在意欲保护的点或管线上游的流送管线中的任何点加入含有油和水的流动液体中。得到足够保护所需的腐蚀抑制剂的剂量随应用变化，但定量给料适当地为这样的量使得保护点的浓度为1-2,000ppm(重量计)，优选1-500ppm，最优选1-150ppm。即使连续剂量为本发明化合物的优选使用，但另一可能模式为批处理，其中优选的剂量为1-5,000ppm。
除本发明聚合酯胺或聚合季铵酯腐蚀抑制剂基础外，也可将其它成分加入腐蚀抑制组合物中以例如改进不同气候条件下的处理或进一步改进不同条件下的性能。这类成分的实例为有机或无机酸，例如乙酸、柠檬酸和盐酸，在这种情况下胺主要作为盐存在；分散或清洗表面活性剂，例如非离子氧化乙烯加合物；水溶混性溶剂，例如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丁醇，或甘醇如丁二甘醇、乙二醇一丁醚、单乙二醇；阻垢剂；杀生物剂，例如烷基苄基二甲基氯化铵、二烷基二甲基氯化铵、烷基酰氨基丙基二甲基氧化胺或季铵盐如烷基双(羟乙基)甲基季铵氯化物；和其它腐蚀抑制剂，例如其它胺、酰胺、咪唑啉或两性物。为进一步改进腐蚀抑制效力，可加入协合剂如硫代硫酸钠或2-巯基乙醇。
实施例
一般实验
分子量测定
实验部分的实施例中给出的分子量和/或分子量范围通过以下方法测定：
为分离，使用SEC(尺寸排阻色谱)柱。这意指使用多孔颗粒分离具有不同尺寸的分子，且具有最大填空体积(更严格地，流体动力学半径)的分子具有最短的停留时间。因此，实质上在SEC体系中，最大的分子首先洗提出，最小的分子最后洗提出。
将试样溶于四氢呋喃中并注射在GPC/SEC体系(凝胶渗透色谱/尺寸排阻色谱)上，然后通过质谱法分析收集的部分。
聚合物分子量测定的分析描述
将试样溶于四氢呋喃中，并注射在装配有三个柱的SEC体系上以将不同的同系物相互分离。各个峰作为一部分收集并将溶剂蒸发。将各个部分的残渣溶于含有0.5%乙酸的乙腈/水95/5中，并借助直接注入而注射到离子阱MS检测器中。测定不同部分的分子量。以通过折射指数检测器分析具有非常类似的结构的分子，面积%可以近似于重量%。
分析条件SEC
前置柱：Phenogel5μ线性50x7.8mm(Phenomenex)
柱：Phenogel5μ300x7.8mm，具有孔径大小
Figure BDA00002867500200091
的三个串联柱(Phenomenex)
流动相：四氢呋喃
流量：0.8ml/min
注射体积：100μl
检测器：折射率(Refractive Index)
分析条件质谱仪
借助注射泵直接注入具有ESI正模式的LCQDuo(ThermoFinnigan)离子阱中
全扫描质量范围：150-2000m/z
实施例1
将牛油脂肪酸(Tefacid；230.1g，0.82摩尔)、来自Fluka的甲基二乙醇胺(195.3g，1.64摩尔)和来自Fluka的己二酸(179.7g，1.23摩尔)加入安装有冷凝器、温度计、加热罩、氮气入口和机械搅拌器的圆底烧瓶中。将反应混合物缓慢地加热至174℃。在150℃下开始，反应期间产生的水开始蒸馏出。在3.5小时以后，逐步施加真空以更完全地除去水。在4小时内达到16毫巴的终点真空。反应进程通过滴定酸值以及通过1H-NMR光谱监控。在174°C和16毫巴下7小时以后得到所需产物。产物的酸值则为0.183meq/g。得到541g产物。通过使用上述SEC/MS方法，显示产物的>86SEC面积%由具有两个脂肪酸单元、两个或更多个链烷醇胺单元和一个或多个二酸/酸酐单元的分子组成。另外，GPC/SEC分析与使用质谱法的馏分分析组合显示产物中几乎所有分子组分(>85%w/w)具有>700的分子量。
实施例2
如下合成聚酯聚季胺：
在第一步骤中，将油酸(479.3g，1.69摩尔)、来自Fluka的甲基二乙醇胺(498.5g，4.18摩尔)和来自Fluka的己二酸(458.6g，3.14摩尔)加入安装有冷凝器、温度计、加热罩、氮气入口和机械搅拌器的圆底烧瓶中。将反应混合物缓慢地加热至174℃。在156℃下开始，反应期间产生的水开始蒸馏出。在3小时以后，逐步施加真空以更完全地除去水。在3小时内达到37毫巴的终点真空。反应进程通过滴定酸值以及通过1H-NMR光谱监控。在174°C和37毫巴下9小时以后得到所需产物。产物的酸值则为0.248meq/g。得到1280g中间产物。
在第二步骤中，将302.6g由第一步骤得到的聚酯和54g作为溶剂的水加入搅拌高压釜中并加热至59℃。在一小时内加入甲基氯(50g)。然后在72±2℃下进行后反应11小时。
1H-NMR光谱显示没有留下未季铵化的胺。作为含有13%w/w水的暗褐色粘性液体得到378g最终产物。
实施例3
如下合成聚酯聚季胺：
第一步骤描述于实施例1中。
在第二步骤中，将来自第一步骤的240.2g聚酯和43.5g作为溶剂的丁基二甘醇加入搅拌高压釜中并加热至57oC。在90分钟内加入甲基氯(36.6g)。然后在93±3℃下进行后反应10小时。1H-NMR光谱显示没有留下未季铵化的胺。作为含有13.6%w/w BDG糊得到252g最终产物。
预期产物中各分子的链长和不同分子的分布在合成的步骤2中不变。然而，含有一个或多个甲基二乙醇胺链段的各个分子的Mw在季铵化以后更高，因此产物的Mw整体与实施例1的产物相比会轻微提高。
实施例4—计量加入模型油相中的抑制剂在盐水中的腐蚀抑制性能
试验使用熟知的“鼓泡试验”方法进行，例如参见NACE International，第46卷，编号5，第46-51页(2007年5月)中的讨论，其中腐蚀率通过线性极化电阻(LPR)监控。首先确定在介质中的基线腐蚀率，然后测量加入不同量的抑制剂的腐蚀率。在这种情况下，将抑制剂剂量加入模型油相中以研究获悉组分如何好地转移至盐水相中并给出对位于那里的钢试样的良好保护。这是实域使用中性能的重要指示。在该具体情况下，10%的总体积为煤油(模型油)，而其余为盐水。
试验的详细条件如下：
Figure BDA00002867500200111
%保护由以下方程式计算：
%保护=(1-(x/y))*100
其中x=在腐蚀抑制剂存在下的腐蚀率(mm/年)
y=在腐蚀抑制剂不存在下的腐蚀率(mm/年)
结果在表1中给出。
表1
Figure BDA00002867500200121
*C12-C16椰油烷基二甲基苄基季胺，有时用于油田腐蚀抑制配制剂中的标准化学品
注释：-%保护值表明比不加入抑制剂的基线值更高的腐蚀
这些数字证明实施例1、2和3的产物与对比例相比设法转移至水相中并在典型条件下以及非常低的添加水平下得到优异的腐蚀保护。
实施例5—生物降解性
现今非常确定的事实是对用于它们可能最终到达环境的应用中的人造有机化合物而言，协会和管理机构通常需要合理的生物降解性。对于某些地理和/或应用领域，特定的最小生物降解性水平另外由监察机构规定。
遵循GLP标准，根据化学品试验的OECD准则，第3部分；Degradationand accumulation，No.306：在海水中的生物降解性，封闭的瓶试验(ClosedBottle test)测试本发明化合物在海水中的生物降解性。实施例2和实施例3中合成的产物在28天以后的生物降解为>60%。这些实施例证明本发明化合物通常好的生物降解性。

Claims (15)

1.可通过如下组分反应而得到的产物作为金属表面的腐蚀抑制剂的用途：
具有式R1COOH(I)的脂肪酸或酸的混合物，其中R1CO为具有8-24个碳原子的酰基，其可以为饱和或不饱和、线性或支化的；和
具有式(IIa)或(IIb)的二羧酸或其衍生物：
Figure FDA00002867500100011
或
Figure FDA00002867500100012
其中D为-OH、-Cl或–OR3，其中R3为C1-C4烷基；R2选自直连键，式-(CH2)z-的亚烷基，其中z为1-10的整数，取代亚烷基，其中所述亚烷基被1或2个-OH基团取代，基团–CH=CH-，环亚烷基，环亚烯基和亚芳基；与具有式(III)的链烷醇胺或其部分或完全季铵化衍生物：
Figure FDA00002867500100013
其中x各自独立地为1-5的数，且∑x摩尔平均值为2-10的数，AO为具有2-4个碳原子的亚烷氧基，R4为C1-C3烷基或基团[AO]x，其中AO和x具有如上相同的含义；脂肪酸、二羧酸与链烷醇胺之间的所述反应之后任选是另一反应步骤，其中部分或全部氮原子通过与烷基化剂R5X反应而季铵化，其中R5为烃基，且X-为衍生自烷基化剂R5X的阴离子。
2.根据权利要求1的用途，其中大于65%w/w，更优选大于75%w/w，最优选大于85%w/w的产物由具有两个脂肪酸单元、两个或更多个链烷醇胺单元和一个或多个二酸/酸酐单元的分子组成。
3.根据权利要求1或2的用途，其中产物具有式：
Figure FDA00002867500100014
其中R1、AO、x、R2和R4具有与权利要求1中相同的含义；R5为烃基，且X-为衍生自烷基化剂R5X的阴离子；t为0或1；且p为1-15的数且平均为至少1。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项的用途，其中R1CO为具有16-24个碳原子的酰基。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项的用途，其中R2为式-(CH2)z-的亚烷基，其中z为4。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项的用途，其中x=1。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项的用途，其中t=1。
8.根据权利要求7的用途，其中R5为C1-C4烷基或苄基。
9.根据权利要求7或8的用途，其中烷基化剂R5X选自甲基氯、甲基溴、硫酸二甲酯、硫酸二乙酯、碳酸二甲酯或苄基氯。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项的用途，其中腐蚀抑制产物通过权利要求1中所述方法得到，其中反应混合物中结构(I)的脂肪酸或酸混合物与链烷醇胺(III)的摩尔比为1:1.2-1:10，且结构(I)的脂肪酸或酸混合物与二羧酸或衍生物(IIa)或(IIb)的摩尔比为2:1-1:8。
11.根据权利要求3-10中任一项的用途，其中多于50重量%的分子具有p≥3的值。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项的用途，其中金属表面为油田和天然气田或炼油厂所用管道、泵、罐和其它设备的一部分。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项的用途，其中将腐蚀抑制产物在意欲保护的点或管线上游的流送管线中的任何点加入流动液体中。
14.通过使金属表面与可通过权利要求1所述反应得到的腐蚀抑制产物接触而保护金属表面以防腐蚀的方法。
15.根据权利要求14的方法，其中金属表面为油田和天然气田或炼油厂所用管道、泵、罐和其它设备的一部分。
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