CN103071784B - Electromagnetic-stirring pressurized centrifugal large-opening vacuum fusion casting furnace - Google Patents
Electromagnetic-stirring pressurized centrifugal large-opening vacuum fusion casting furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN103071784B CN103071784B CN201310019636.6A CN201310019636A CN103071784B CN 103071784 B CN103071784 B CN 103071784B CN 201310019636 A CN201310019636 A CN 201310019636A CN 103071784 B CN103071784 B CN 103071784B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electromagnetic-stirring pressurized centrifugal large-opening vacuum fusion casting furnace, which comprises a furnace body (1), a furnace door (2), a furnace cover (3), a sensor (4), a charging mechanism (5), a centrifugal rotating mechanism (7), an electromagnetic stirrer (8), a vacuum system (9), an inflating and pressurizing system (10) and a medium-frequency power supply (12), wherein the vacuum pumping pipe connecting port of the vacuum system (9) is communicated with the chamber of the furnace body (1); the sensor (4) is arranged in the chamber of the furnace body (1) and the power input end of the sensor (4) is connected with the power output end of the medium-frequency power supply (12); locking mechanisms are arranged on butting surfaces between the furnace body (1) and the furnace door (2) and between the furnace body (1) and the furnace cover (3); and the electromagnetic stirrer (8) is arranged around the rotating executing unit of the centrifugal rotating mechanism (7). The electromagnetic-stirring pressurized centrifugal large-opening vacuum fusion casting furnace has the advantages that the furnace can be used for producing cast ingots and precision castings made of high-nitrogen steel, high-temperature alloy and the like, the components of high-steam-pressure alloy elements can be guaranteed to be accurate, and the effects of mold filling and shrinkage compensation of special-shaped precision castings are ideal.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the hot investment casting field of the special materials such as high nitrogen steel, high temperature alloy, relate in particular to a kind of extendible multifunction electromagnetic and stir the centrifugal large opening vacuum casting furnace of pressurization, it is by carrying out Medium frequency induction melting, cast, centrifugal rotation, electromagnetic agitation under the condition at vacuum or inflating pressure, the technical process such as cooling is prepared multiple precision casting fast.
Background technology
Conventional vaccum sensitive stove, in the time of melting special alloy, is difficult to ensure that the composition of high vapour pressure alloying element in liquation is accurate, and the nitrogen content of high nitrogen-containing steel grade.Simultaneously; the strong physical-chemical reaction producing between active element and refractory oxide crucible material during for minimizing melting; conventionally to being filled with a certain amount of protective gas (as be less than 0.1MPa argon gas) in vaccum sensitive stove, because the blowing pressure is low, there is significant limitation in this metallurgical technology.
In recent years, along with nickel resources becomes deficient gradually, day by day deep to the research of high nitrogen steel both at home and abroad.High nitrogen stainless steel is under the little condition of nickel use amount, and property indices meets or exceeds high nickel and stainless steel, has high strength and high tenacity.And the acquisition of high nitrogen steel is normally carried out under the nitrogen atmosphere condition of 0.2～2.0MPa, but higher the blowing pressure is subject to existing design level restriction.
The fast development of aerospace field has benefited from reaching its maturity of precision casting technology, all can adopt hot investment casting forming technique from overall turbine rotor to complicated turbine case etc., so not only can significantly improve mechanical performance and the reliability of parts, reduce the weight of parts, can also enhance productivity, reduce costs.At present, the radius of gyration of large size, thin walled overall precision casting is generally more than 200mm, wall thickness can reach below 2mm, water fluence and be greater than 500kg, and crystallite dimension is carried out to effective control, obtain without arborescent structure, by subsequent thermal isostatic pressing technology, the comprehensive mechanical property of foundry goods has significantly been improved.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art part and a kind of electromagnetic agitation of producing the material ingot castings such as high nitrogen steel, high temperature alloy and precision casting centrifugal large opening vacuum casting furnace that pressurizes is provided, it can reduce the physical-chemical reaction between active element and crucible material, the composition that ensures high vapour pressure alloying element is accurate, for precision shaped foundry goods fill type and feeding is satisfactory for result, and can crystal grain thinning, carry out semi-solid casting.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention realizes like this.
A kind of electromagnetic agitation centrifugal large opening vacuum casting furnace that pressurizes, it comprises body of heater, fire door, bell, inductor, charging mechanism, centrifugal rotating mechanism, magnetic stirrer, vacuum system, inflating pressure system and intermediate frequency power supply; Described bell docks with body of heater top large opening flange; Described fire door is assigned in body of heater front; The finding time of described vacuum system taken over port and communicated with body of heater cavity; Described charging mechanism is located on bell; Described inductor is placed in body of heater cavity central region, and the power output end of its power input and intermediate frequency power supply joins; Interface at described body of heater and fire door and bell is provided with retaining mechanism; The inflating pressure port of described inflating pressure system communicates with the working cavity of vacuum system; The rotation performance element of described centrifugal rotating mechanism is positioned at the bottom of inductor, and it lays magnetic stirrer around.
As a kind of preferred version, centrifugal rotating mechanism of the present invention comprises rotation performance element and power source; Described rotation performance element comprises carrying disk, centrifugal pan, supporting seat and gyroaxis; Described carrying disk, supporting seat and centrifugal pan are fixedly connected with the end of gyroaxis respectively; The clutch end of described power source is fixedly connected through being coupled to movable sealing on body of heater and the end of gyroaxis.
As another kind of preferred version, retaining mechanism of the present invention comprises electric pushrod, automatic safe pin, tooth-type gear ring and travel switch; The outer wall of the working end of described electric pushrod and tooth-type gear ring is fixedly hinged, to realize the automatic rotary of tooth-type gear ring; When fire door and bell sealing locking, the side of its end cap flange tooth and the side of tooth-type gear ring are intermeshing; Described automatic safe pin and travel switch are located at respectively on fire door and bell.
Further, the present invention is fixed with temperature measuring equipment on described bell, to realize the temperature survey to body of heater inner melt.
Further, the present invention is fixed with lifting hydraulic cylinder on described body of heater; Working arm and the bell of described lifting hydraulic cylinder are fixedly connected.
In addition, the present invention also can be provided with safe explosion venting device in the pressure pipeline part of vacuum system.
Secondly, the present invention can be provided with mechanical agitation impeller in described body of heater.
The present invention can be under the condition of vacuum or pressurization, and the special materials such as the high nitrogen steel of melting and high temperature alloy, also can complete the functions such as follow-up centrifugal or gravity-assist pouring, and compared with prior art tool of the present invention has the following advantages.
1, there is vacuum and pressurization dual-use function, accurate to ensure the composition of the foundry goods such as high nitrogen steel, high temperature alloy.The present invention is by Structure Combination Designs such as electric pushrod, automatic safe pin, tooth-type gear ring and travel switches, make retaining mechanism guarantee the reliable realization of pressurization function, the composition that has met high vapour pressure alloying element is accurate, and nitrogen content (>=1.2%) requirement in high nitrogen steel.Meanwhile, the present invention can effectively reduce the physical-chemical reaction between active element and crucible material.
2, there is electromagnetic agitation centrifugal casting function, can set the direction of rotation of centrifugal pan, rotating speed, commutating frequency and running time, fill type and feeding effect with what meet foundry goods, magnetic stirrer can crystal grain thinning tissue simultaneously, carries out Recent Semi-solid Casting Process enforcement.
Brief description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the invention will be further described.Protection scope of the present invention is not only confined to the statement of following content.
Fig. 1 is overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is vacuum system of the present invention and inflating pressure entire system structural representation.
Fig. 3 is bell of the present invention and body of heater top large opening flange docking structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the centrifugal rotating mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is locking mechanism structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is automatic safe pin and travel switch structure schematic diagram in retaining mechanism of the present invention.
In figure: 1, body of heater; 2, fire door; 3, bell; 4, inductor; 5, charging mechanism; 6, temperature measuring equipment; 7, centrifugal rotating mechanism; 704, gyroaxis; 705, supporting seat; 706, centrifugal pan; 707, carrying disk; 8, magnetic stirrer; 9, vacuum system; 10, inflating pressure system; 11, hydraulic system; 1101, lifting hydraulic cylinder; 12, intermediate frequency power supply; 13, electric control system; 14, operating platform; 15, linkage; 16, retaining mechanism; 1601, electric pushrod; 1602, automatic safe pin; 1603, tooth-type gear ring; 1604, travel switch; 17, find time to take over.
Detailed description of the invention
As shown in the figure, the electromagnetic agitation centrifugal large opening vacuum casting furnace that pressurizes, it comprises body of heater 1, fire door 2, bell 3, inductor 4, charging mechanism 5, centrifugal rotating mechanism 7, magnetic stirrer 8, vacuum system 9, inflating pressure system 10 and intermediate frequency power supply 12; Described bell 3 docks with body of heater 1 top large opening flange; Described fire door 2 is assigned in body of heater 1 front; The finding time of described vacuum system 9 taken over port and communicated with body of heater 1 cavity; Described charging mechanism 5 is located on bell 3; Described inductor 4 is placed in body of heater 1 cavity central region, and the power output end of its power input and intermediate frequency power supply 12 joins; Be provided with retaining mechanism 16 at described body of heater 1 and the interface of fire door 2 and bell 3; The inflating pressure port of described inflating pressure system 10 communicates with the working cavity of vacuum system 9; The rotation performance element of described centrifugal rotating mechanism 7 is positioned at the bottom of inductor 4, and it lays magnetic stirrer 8 around.
Shown in Figure 4, centrifugal rotating mechanism 7 of the present invention comprises rotation performance element and power source; Described rotation performance element comprises carrying disk 707, centrifugal pan 706, supporting seat 705 and gyroaxis 704; Described carrying disk 707, supporting seat 705 and centrifugal pan 706 are fixedly connected with the end of gyroaxis 704 respectively; The clutch end of described power source is fixedly connected with the end of gyroaxis 704 through the movable sealing 703 being coupled on body of heater 1.
Shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, retaining mechanism of the present invention comprises electric pushrod 1601, automatic safe pin 1602, tooth-type gear ring 1603 and travel switch 1604; The outer wall of the working end of described electric pushrod 16-1 and tooth-type gear ring 1603 is fixedly hinged, to realize the automatic rotary of tooth-type gear ring 1603; When fire door 2 and bell 3 sealing locking, the side of its end cap flange tooth and the side of tooth-type gear ring 1603 are intermeshing; Described automatic safe pin 1602 and travel switch 1604 are located at respectively on fire door 2 and bell 3.
Shown in Figure 1, the present invention is fixed with temperature measuring equipment 6 on described bell 3, to realize the temperature survey to body of heater 1 inner melt.
Shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, the present invention is fixed with lifting hydraulic cylinder 1101 on described body of heater 1; The working arm of described lifting hydraulic cylinder 1101 and bell 3 are fixedly connected.
The present invention is also provided with safe explosion venting device in the pressure pipeline part of vacuum system 9.
The present invention is provided with mechanical agitation impeller in described body of heater 1.
Shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, in the time of specific design, vacuum casting furnace system of the present invention adopts horizontal type structure, and it mainly comprises the parts such as body of heater 1, fire door 2, bell 3, inductor 4, charging mechanism 5, temperature measuring equipment 6, centrifugal rotating mechanism 7, magnetic stirrer 8, vacuum system 9, inflating pressure system 10, hydraulic system 11, intermediate frequency power supply 12, electric control system 13, operating platform 14; The large opening flange at body of heater 1 top docks with bell 3, and positive body of heater flange docks with fire door 2, and body of heater 1 rear portion is taken over 17 and is connected with vacuum system 9 through finding time, and side is taken over inflating pressure system 10 and is connected through inflation; Charging mechanism 5 and temperature measuring equipment 6 are set on bell 3, and the inductor 4 that is positioned at body of heater 1 cavity central region (inner side on the upper side) joins by water-cooled conductive shaft and intermediate frequency power supply 12, and inductor 4 belows arrange centrifugal rotating mechanism 7, and magnetic stirrer 8 is around set; Bell 3 is realized and being docked with large opening flange by lifting hydraulic cylinder 1101, and fire door 2 is realized and being docked with body of heater flange by linkage 15.Fire door 2 and bell 3 all adopt retaining mechanism 16 to realize the furnace sealing under vacuum or pressurization (6.0Mpa) condition with the interface of body of heater 1, the air-proof condition that can also ensure interface that connects of charging mechanism 5 and temperature measuring equipment 6 and bell 3, to realize the seal request under body of heater 1 inner vacuum or pressurization (6.0Mpa) condition, centrifugal rotating mechanism 7 can carry out modifiable operation process.
Shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, body of heater 1 large opening of the present invention (percent opening is greater than 0.5) is taken over as the interior crucible preparation of inductor 4, ordinary maintenance, and the main place that realizes of the function such as reinforced and thermometric, whole body of heater Welding Structure manufactures and designs in strict accordance with pressure vessel, adopts distinctive mode to carry out reinforcement to large opening.
Shown in Figure 4, the centrifugal rotating mechanism 7 of the present invention is mainly made up of motor 701, reductor 702, movable sealing 703, gyroaxis 704, supporting seat 705, centrifugal pan 706 and carrying disk 707 etc.Wherein, motor 701 and reductor 702 direct connections, output shaft is connected with gyroaxis 704, and gyroaxis 704 is installed power is introduced to body of heater 1 inside by movable sealing 703, and drives centrifugal pan 706 and carrying disk 707 to rotate.By electric control system 13, can set the direction of rotation of centrifugal pan, rotating speed, commutating frequency and running time, fill type and feeding effect with what meet foundry goods, magnetic stirrer 8 can crystal grain thinning tissue simultaneously, carries out Recent Semi-solid Casting Process enforcement.
The rotating speed of centrifugal pan 706 is promoted to after 300r/min stable operation 10s, within 2s, be down to 0r/min, and this can produce very large peripheral force in the inner meeting of cast material; Meanwhile, the loading direction of the mixing torque of magnetic stirrer 8 also will transform in the other direction within 2s, and this can produce very large normal force equally.The relative motion that this makes liquid-solid two-phase produce significant solid space, the fractureing of dendrite, broken etc. " shearing effect " are more obvious, reach the object of crystal grain thinning.The crystal grain diameter of the precision casting obtaining by this technique can reach 0.3mm, obtains 1/10 of crystal grain diameter less than commonsense method, and grain refinement effect is obvious.
Shown in Figure 5, retaining mechanism 16 of the present invention is mainly made up of electric pushrod 1601, automatic safe pin 1602, tooth-type gear ring 1603 and travel switch 1604.Body of heater 1 inside is set up after vacuum environment, tooth-type gear ring 1603 turns round certain angle under electric pushrod 1601 drives, after putting in place, controlled by travel switch 1604, complete auto lock and the sealing of fire door 2 and bell 13, simultaneously, under the control of electric logic program, automatic safe pin 1602 carries out mechanical position limitation, prevents that maloperation from bringing danger, ensures body of heater 1 inner inflatable pressurization safety and reliability.
Electric pushrod 1601 of the present invention has transmission mechanism, and sensing measurement driving mechanism, and overload band brake apparatus complete the automatic rotary of tooth-type gear ring 1603 and accurately and reliably realizing of location action.Transmission mechanism adopts the worm and gear form of curved surface, and contact area is large, and power transmission is steady, revolves lift angle little, and auto-lock function is reliable, in order to avoid cause danger when misoperation.
System of the present invention can adopt horizontal type structure, its compact in design, and handled easily maintenance, except centrifugal rotating mechanism, remainder is all square on the ground.
Operation principle of the present invention is as follows.
Body of heater of the present invention 1 inner space is set up after certain vacuum degree by vacuum system 9, by retaining mechanism 16 by fire door 2 and bell 3 and body of heater 1 positiver sealing, to meet the seal request under body of heater 1 inner vacuum or pressurization (6.0Mpa) condition.Start intermediate frequency power supply 12, to through integral insulation inductor 4 transmission powers after treatment, utilize Frequency Induction Heating principle, by the furnace charge heat fused of interior inductor 4 crucible carrying.
The present invention, under the condition of vacuum or pressurization, adopts charging mechanism 5 to add alloy material to the interior crucible of inductor 4, or measures the temperature of liquation by temperature measuring equipment 6.Consider the autgmentability of equipment, by device upgrade, can also complete the function such as sampling, top delivering oxygen.Whole process can be carried out whole process by two observation windows on body of heater 1 and be monitored.Complete after the adjustment of alloying component adjustment and melt temperature and intermediate frequency power supply transmission power, utilize hydraulic system 11 to drive inductor 4, in the mould on centrifugal rotating mechanism 7, pour into a mould liquation via transition apparatus, can also utilize magnetic stirrer 8 simultaneously, make liquid-solid two-phase produce relative motion, cause the fractureing of dendrite, broken with breed, reach the object of crystal grain thinning.But also can make granulation, and obtain the good semi-solid-state metal of mobility, carry out semi-solid casting.The dual-use function of centrifugal rotating mechanism 7 and magnetic stirrer 8 makes the crystalline phase organizational structure optimization of foundry goods, and material property is further enhanced.Along with the electrical quantity adjustment of magnetic stirrer 8, change electromagnetism intensity of force, can be optimized stirring technique.
For realizing the hot investment casting of thin-wall part, the centrifugal rotating mechanism 7 of the present invention can be set the direction of rotation of centrifugal pan 706, rotating speed, commutating frequency and running time.Maximum speed of the present invention is 300r/min, and rotating speed is adjustable, can carry out rotating commutation.Special movable sealing 703 designs, and can meet the seal request under vacuum or pressurization (6.0Mpa) condition.Except adopting the kind of drive of motor and reductor, the parameters such as the direction of rotation of the kind of drive that can also select hydraulic motor to centrifugal pan 706, rotating speed, commutating frequency are controlled.
Inflating pressure system 10 of the present invention can complete not higher than the fast aeration requirement under any pressure condition of 6.0Mpa.For improving equipment operational safety performance, except being provided with safety valve, be also provided with safe explosion venting device in the pressure pipeline part of vacuum system 9 on body of heater 1, quick pressure releasing in the time that furnace pressure raises, guarantee personnel and device security.
After pouring technology of the present invention completes, can cut off intermediate frequency power supply 12, by vacuum system 9 and inflating pressure system 10, the pressure in body of heater be adjusted under vacuum state.After cooling procedure finishes, open retaining mechanism 16, after the vacuum environment in body of heater is abolished, fire door 2 and bell 3 all can be opened safely, carry out subsequent operation.In addition, can also install mechanical agitator arm additional by the spare interface on body of heater 1, realize mould is carried out to quick process for cooling.
Ingot casting and the precision casting that can prepare materials such as producing high nitrogen steel, high temperature alloy by the present invention, can reduce the physical-chemical reaction between active element and crucible material, ensures that the composition of high vapour pressure alloying element is accurate.Meanwhile, be suitable for the production of precision casting, live and obtain the grain structure of refinement.
Be understandably, above about specific descriptions of the present invention, only for being described, the present invention is not limited to the described technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, still can modify or be equal to replacement the present invention, to reach identical technique effect; Use needs as long as meet, all within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. the electromagnetic agitation centrifugal large opening vacuum casting furnace that pressurizes, comprises body of heater (1), fire door (2), bell (3), inductor (4), charging mechanism (5), centrifugal rotating mechanism (7), magnetic stirrer (8), vacuum system (9), inflating pressure system (10) and intermediate frequency power supply (12); It is characterized in that, described bell (3) docks with body of heater (1) top large opening flange; Described fire door (2) is assigned in body of heater (1) front; The finding time of described vacuum system (9) taken over port and communicated with body of heater (1) cavity; Described charging mechanism (5) is located on bell (3); Described inductor (4) is placed in body of heater (1) cavity central region, and the power output end of its power input and intermediate frequency power supply (12) joins; Be provided with retaining mechanism (16) at described body of heater (1) and the interface of fire door (2) and bell (3); The inflating pressure port of described inflating pressure system (10) communicates with the working cavity of vacuum system (9); The rotation performance element of described centrifugal rotating mechanism (7) is positioned at the bottom of inductor (4), and it lays magnetic stirrer (8) around; Described centrifugal rotating mechanism (7) comprises rotation performance element and power source; Described rotation performance element comprises carrying disk (707), centrifugal pan (706), supporting seat (705) and gyroaxis (704); Described carrying disk (707), supporting seat (705) and centrifugal pan (706) are fixedly connected with the end of gyroaxis (704) respectively; The clutch end of described power source is fixedly connected with the end of gyroaxis (704) through the movable sealing (703) being coupled on body of heater (1); Described retaining mechanism (16) comprises electric pushrod (1601), automatic safe pin (1602), tooth-type gear ring (1603) and travel switch (1604); The outer wall of the working end of described electric pushrod (1601) and tooth-type gear ring (1603) is fixedly hinged, to realize the automatic rotary of tooth-type gear ring (1603); When fire door (2) and bell (3) sealing locking, the side of the side of its end cap flange tooth and tooth-type gear ring (1603) is intermeshing; Described automatic safe pin (1602) and travel switch (1604) are located at respectively on fire door (2) and bell (3); On described bell (3), be fixed with temperature measuring equipment (6), to realize the temperature survey to body of heater (1) inner melt; On described body of heater (1), be fixed with lifting hydraulic cylinder (1101); The working arm of described lifting hydraulic cylinder (1101) and bell (3) are fixedly connected; Pressure pipeline part in vacuum system (9) is provided with safe explosion venting device; In described body of heater (1), be provided with mechanical agitation impeller; The rotating speed of described centrifugal pan (706) meets following rule: rise to 300r/min, after uniform rotation 10s, be down to 0r/min within 2s.
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| CN107186193B (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2019-08-09 | 上海海立电器有限公司 | Vacuum drying oven centrifugal casting technique and its equipment |
| CN106735087B (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-11-14 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of cast insulation stove and its application method with Tooth-locked Quick Closure door structure |
| CN108677042B (en) * | 2018-05-26 | 2019-08-16 | 辽宁宏基电力设备制造有限公司 | The melting of high temperature alloy and molding machine |
| CN108707768B (en) * | 2018-05-26 | 2019-08-30 | 圣航粉末冶金河北有限公司 | The melting of high temperature alloy and forming method |
| CN109482847A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-03-19 | 江苏奇纳新材料科技有限公司 | Magnetic-moves the molding machine and method of combined precision complexity fine grain casting |
| CN114367651B (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2023-07-21 | 华北理工大学 | High-nitrogen steel smelting device and smelting method thereof |
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Address after: No. 2, Wanliu Tong Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning Patentee after: Shenyang Vacuum Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd. Address before: No. 2, Wanliu Tong Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning Patentee before: Shenyang Vacuum Technology Institute |