CN103071784A - Electromagnetic-stirring pressurized centrifugal large-opening vacuum fusion casting furnace - Google Patents
Electromagnetic-stirring pressurized centrifugal large-opening vacuum fusion casting furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN103071784A CN103071784A CN2013100196366A CN201310019636A CN103071784A CN 103071784 A CN103071784 A CN 103071784A CN 2013100196366 A CN2013100196366 A CN 2013100196366A CN 201310019636 A CN201310019636 A CN 201310019636A CN 103071784 A CN103071784 A CN 103071784A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electromagnetic-stirring pressurized centrifugal large-opening vacuum fusion casting furnace, which comprises a furnace body (1), a furnace door (2), a furnace cover (3), a sensor (4), a charging mechanism (5), a centrifugal rotating mechanism (7), an electromagnetic stirrer (8), a vacuum system (9), an inflating and pressurizing system (10) and a medium-frequency power supply (12), wherein the vacuum pumping pipe connecting port of the vacuum system (9) is communicated with the chamber of the furnace body (1); the sensor (4) is arranged in the chamber of the furnace body (1) and the power input end of the sensor (4) is connected with the power output end of the medium-frequency power supply (12); locking mechanisms are arranged on butting surfaces between the furnace body (1) and the furnace door (2) and between the furnace body (1) and the furnace cover (3); and the electromagnetic stirrer (8) is arranged around the rotating executing unit of the centrifugal rotating mechanism (7). The electromagnetic-stirring pressurized centrifugal large-opening vacuum fusion casting furnace has the advantages that the furnace can be used for producing cast ingots and precision castings made of high-nitrogen steel, high-temperature alloy and the like, the components of high-steam-pressure alloy elements can be guaranteed to be accurate, and the effects of mold filling and shrinkage compensation of special-shaped precision castings are ideal.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the hot investment casting field of the special materials such as high nitrogen steel, high temperature alloy, relate in particular to a kind of extendible multifunction electromagnetic and stir the centrifugal large opening vacuum casting furnace of pressurization, it prepares multiple precision casting by carry out the technical process such as Medium frequency induction melting, cast, centrifugal rotation, electromagnetic agitation, quick cooling under the condition of vacuum or inflating pressure.
Background technology
Conventional vaccum sensitive stove is difficult to guarantee that the composition of high vapour pressure alloying element in the liquation is accurate when the melting special alloy, and the nitrogen content of high nitrogen-containing steel grade.Simultaneously; the strong physical-chemical reaction that produces between active element and the refractory oxide crucible material during for the minimizing melting; usually be filled with a certain amount of protective gas (such as the argon gas less than 0.1MPa) in vaccum sensitive stove, because the blowing pressure is low, there is significant limitation in this metallurgical technology.
In recent years, along with nickel resources becomes deficient gradually, day by day deep to the research of high nitrogen steel both at home and abroad.High nitrogen stainless steel is under nickel use amount condition seldom, and property indices meets or exceeds high nickel and stainless steel, has high strength and high tenacity.And the acquisition of high nitrogen steel is normally carried out under the nitrogen atmosphere condition of 0.2～2.0MPa, but higher the blowing pressure is subject to existing design level restriction.
The fast development of aerospace field has benefited from reaching its maturity of precision casting technology, turbine case from the turbine rotor of integral body to complexity etc. all can adopt the hot investment casting forming technique, so not only can significantly improve mechanical performance and the reliability of parts, reduce the weight of parts, can also enhance productivity, reduce cost.At present, the radius of gyration of large size, thin walled whole precision casting is generally more than 200mm, wall thickness can reach below the 2mm, water fluence greater than 500kg, and crystallite dimension carried out effective control, obtained without arborescent structure, by the subsequent thermal isostatic pressing technology, the comprehensive mechanical property of foundry goods has significantly been improved.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art part and a kind of electromagnetic agitation of producing the material ingot castings such as high nitrogen steel, high temperature alloy and precision casting centrifugal large opening vacuum casting furnace that pressurizes is provided, it can reduce the physical-chemical reaction between active element and the crucible material, the composition that guarantees high vapour pressure alloying element is accurate, for precision shaped foundry goods fill type and feeding is satisfactory for result, but and crystal grain thinning, carry out semi-solid casting.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention realizes like this.
A kind of electromagnetic agitation centrifugal large opening vacuum casting furnace that pressurizes, it comprises body of heater, fire door, bell, inductor, charging mechanism, centrifugal rotating mechanism, magnetic stirrer, vacuum system, inflating pressure system and intermediate frequency power supply; Described bell docks with body of heater top large opening flange; Described fire door is assigned in the body of heater front; The finding time of described vacuum system taken over port and communicated with the body of heater cavity; Described charging mechanism is located on the bell; Described inductor places body of heater cavity central region, and the power output end of its power input and intermediate frequency power supply joins; Interface at described body of heater and fire door and bell is provided with retaining mechanism; The inflating pressure port of described inflating pressure system communicates with the working cavity of vacuum system; The rotation performance element of described centrifugal rotating mechanism is positioned at the bottom of inductor, lays magnetic stirrer around it.
As a kind of preferred version, centrifugal rotating mechanism of the present invention comprises rotation performance element and power source; Described rotation performance element comprises carrying disk, centrifugal pan, supporting seat and gyroaxis; Described carrying disk, supporting seat and centrifugal pan are fixedly connected with the end of gyroaxis respectively; The clutch end of described power source is fixedly connected through being coupled to movable sealing on the body of heater and the end of gyroaxis.
As another kind of preferred version, retaining mechanism of the present invention comprises electric pushrod, automatic safe pin, tooth-type gear ring and travel switch; The outer wall of the working end of described electric pushrod and tooth-type gear ring is fixedly hinged, to realize the automatic rotary of tooth-type gear ring; When fire door and bell sealing locking, the side of its end cap flange tooth and the side of tooth-type gear ring are intermeshing; Described automatic safe pin and travel switch are located at respectively on fire door and the bell.
Further, the present invention is fixed with temperature measuring equipment at described bell, to realize the temperature survey to the body of heater inner melt.
Further, the present invention is fixed with lifting hydraulic cylinder at described body of heater; Working arm and the bell of described lifting hydraulic cylinder are fixedly connected.
In addition, the present invention partly also can be provided with safe explosion venting device at the pressure pipeline of vacuum system.
Secondly, the present invention can be provided with the mechanical agitation impeller in described body of heater.
The present invention can be under the condition of vacuum or pressurization, and the special materials such as the high nitrogen steel of melting and high temperature alloy also can be finished the follow-up functions such as centrifugal or gravity-assist pouring, and compared with prior art the present invention has following advantage.
1, have vacuum and pressurization dual-use function, accurate with the composition that guarantees the foundry goods such as high nitrogen steel, high temperature alloy.The present invention is by Structure Combination Designs such as electric pushrod, automatic safe pin, tooth-type gear ring and travel switches, make retaining mechanism guarantee the reliable realization of pressurization function, the composition that has satisfied high vapour pressure alloying element is accurate, and nitrogen content (〉=1.2%) requirement in the high nitrogen steel.Simultaneously, the present invention can effectively reduce the physical-chemical reaction between active element and the crucible material.
2, has electromagnetic agitation centrifugal casting function, can set direction of rotation, rotating speed, commutating frequency and the running time of centrifugal pan, fill type and feeding effect with what satisfy foundry goods, magnetic stirrer can crystal grain thinning tissue simultaneously, carries out Recent Semi-solid Casting Process enforcement.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.Protection scope of the present invention not only is confined to the statement of following content.
Fig. 1 is overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is vacuum system of the present invention and inflating pressure entire system structural representation.
Fig. 3 is bell of the present invention and body of heater top large opening flange docking structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the centrifugal rotating mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is locking mechanism structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is automatic safe pin and travel switch structure schematic diagram in the retaining mechanism of the present invention.
Among the figure: 1, body of heater; 2, fire door; 3, bell; 4, inductor; 5, charging mechanism; 6, temperature measuring equipment; 7, centrifugal rotating mechanism; 704, gyroaxis; 705, supporting seat; 706, centrifugal pan; 707, carrying disk; 8, magnetic stirrer; 9, vacuum system; 10, inflating pressure system; 11, hydraulic system; 1101, lifting hydraulic cylinder; 12, intermediate frequency power supply; 13, electric control system; 14, operating platform; 15, linkage; 16, retaining mechanism; 1601, electric pushrod; 1602, automatic safe pin; 1603, tooth-type gear ring; 1604, travel switch; 17, find time to take over.
The specific embodiment
As shown in the figure, the electromagnetic agitation centrifugal large opening vacuum casting furnace that pressurizes, it comprises body of heater 1, fire door 2, bell 3, inductor 4, charging mechanism 5, centrifugal rotating mechanism 7, magnetic stirrer 8, vacuum system 9, inflating pressure system 10 and intermediate frequency power supply 12; Described bell 3 docks with body of heater 1 top large opening flange; Described fire door 2 is assigned in body of heater 1 front; The finding time of described vacuum system 9 taken over port and communicated with body of heater 1 cavity; Described charging mechanism 5 is located on the bell 3; Described inductor 4 places body of heater 1 cavity central region, and the power output end of its power input and intermediate frequency power supply 12 joins; Interface at described body of heater 1 and fire door 2 and bell 3 is provided with retaining mechanism 16; The inflating pressure port of described inflating pressure system 10 communicates with the working cavity of vacuum system 9; The rotation performance element of described centrifugal rotating mechanism 7 is positioned at the bottom of inductor 4, lays magnetic stirrer 8 around it.
Referring to shown in Figure 4, centrifugal rotating mechanism 7 of the present invention comprises rotation performance element and power source; Described rotation performance element comprises carrying disk 707, centrifugal pan 706, supporting seat 705 and gyroaxis 704; Described carrying disk 707, supporting seat 705 and centrifugal pan 706 are fixedly connected with the end of gyroaxis 704 respectively; The end of the clutch end of described power source through being coupled to movable sealing 703 and gyroaxis 704 on the body of heater 1 is fixedly connected.
Referring to Fig. 5 and shown in Figure 6, retaining mechanism of the present invention comprises electric pushrod 1601, automatic safe pin 1602, tooth-type gear ring 1603 and travel switch 1604; The outer wall of the working end of described electric pushrod 16-1 and tooth-type gear ring 1603 is fixedly hinged, to realize the automatic rotary of tooth-type gear ring 1603; When fire door 2 and bell 3 sealing locking, the side of its end cap flange tooth and the side of tooth-type gear ring 1603 are intermeshing; Described automatic safe pin 1602 and travel switch 1604 are located at respectively on fire door 2 and the bell 3.
Referring to shown in Figure 1, the present invention is fixed with temperature measuring equipment 6 at described bell 3, to realize the temperature survey to body of heater 1 inner melt.
Referring to Fig. 1 and shown in Figure 3, the present invention is fixed with lifting hydraulic cylinder 1101 at described body of heater 1; The working arm of described lifting hydraulic cylinder 1101 and bell 3 are fixedly connected.
The present invention also is provided with safe explosion venting device in the pressure pipeline part of vacuum system 9.
The present invention is provided with the mechanical agitation impeller in described body of heater 1.
Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2, when specific design, vacuum casting furnace system of the present invention adopts horizontal type structure, and it mainly comprises the parts such as body of heater 1, fire door 2, bell 3, inductor 4, charging mechanism 5, temperature measuring equipment 6, centrifugal rotating mechanism 7, magnetic stirrer 8, vacuum system 9, inflating pressure system 10, hydraulic system 11, intermediate frequency power supply 12, electric control system 13, operating platform 14; The large opening flange at body of heater 1 top docks with bell 3, and positive body of heater flange dock with fire door 2, and body of heater 1 rear portion is taken over 17 and linked with vacuum system 9 through finding time, and the side links through inflation adapter and inflating pressure system 10; Charging mechanism 5 and temperature measuring equipment 6 are set on the bell 3, and the inductor 4 that is positioned at body of heater 1 cavity central region (inside is the side on the upper side) joins by water-cooled conductive shaft and intermediate frequency power supply 12, and inductor 4 belows arrange centrifugal rotating mechanism 7, and magnetic stirrer 8 is set on every side; Bell 3 is realized docking with the large opening flange by lifting hydraulic cylinder 1101, and fire door 2 is realized docking with the body of heater flange by linkage 15.The furnace sealing that the interface of fire door 2 and bell 3 and body of heater 1 all adopts retaining mechanism 16 to realize under vacuum or pressurization (6.0Mpa) condition, the air-proof condition that can also guarantee interface that connects of charging mechanism 5 and temperature measuring equipment 6 and bell 3, to realize the seal request under body of heater 1 inner vacuum or pressurization (6.0Mpa) condition, centrifugal rotating mechanism 7 can carry out modifiable operation process.
Referring to Fig. 1 and shown in Figure 3, body of heater 1 large opening of the present invention (percent opening is greater than 0.5) is taken over and is inductor 4 interior crucible preparations, ordinary maintenance, and the main place of the functions realizations such as reinforced and thermometric, whole body of heater Welding Structure manufactures and designs in strict accordance with pressure vessel, adopts distinctive mode that large opening is carried out reinforcement.
Referring to shown in Figure 4, the centrifugal rotating mechanism 7 of the present invention mainly is comprised of motor 701, reductor 702, movable sealing 703, gyroaxis 704, supporting seat 705, centrifugal pan 706 and carrying disk 707 etc.Wherein, motor 701 and reductor 702 direct connections, output shaft is connected with gyroaxis 704, and gyroaxis 704 is introduced body of heater 1 inside by movable sealing 703 devices with power, and drives centrifugal pan 706 and carrying disk 707 rotations.By electric control system 13, can set direction of rotation, rotating speed, commutating frequency and the running time of centrifugal pan, fill type and feeding effect with what satisfy foundry goods, magnetic stirrer 8 can crystal grain thinning tissue simultaneously, carries out Recent Semi-solid Casting Process enforcement.
After the rotating speed of centrifugal pan 706 is promoted to 300r/min stable operation 10s, be down to 0r/min within 2s, this can produce very large peripheral force in the inner meeting of cast material; Simultaneously, the loading direction of the mixing torque of magnetic stirrer 8 also will transform within 2s in the other direction, and this can produce very large normal force equally.This is so that liquid-solid two-phase produces the relative motion of significant solid space, and the fractureing of dendrite, broken etc. " shearing effect " are more obvious, reaches the purpose of crystal grain thinning.The crystal grain diameter of the precision casting that obtains by this technique can reach 0.3mm, obtains 1/10 of crystal grain diameter less than commonsense method, and grain refinement effect is obvious.
Referring to shown in Figure 5, retaining mechanism 16 of the present invention mainly is comprised of electric pushrod 1601, automatic safe pin 1602, tooth-type gear ring 1603 and travel switch 1604.After vacuum environment is set up in body of heater 1 inside, tooth-type gear ring 1603 turns round certain angle under electric pushrod 1601 drives, after putting in place, by travel switch 1604 controls, finish auto lock and the sealing of fire door 2 and bell 13, simultaneously, under the control of electric logic program, automatic safe pin 1602 carries out mechanical position limitation, prevents that maloperation from bringing danger, guarantees body of heater 1 inner inflatable pressurization safety and reliability.
Electric pushrod 1601 of the present invention has transmission mechanism, and sensing measurement driving mechanism, and overload band brake apparatus are finished the automatic rotary of tooth-type gear ring 1603 and accurately and reliably realizing of location action.Transmission mechanism adopts the worm and gear form of curved surface, and contact area is large, and transmission of power is steady, revolves lift angle little, and auto-lock function is reliable, in order to avoid cause danger during misoperation.
System of the present invention can adopt horizontal type structure, its compact in design, and the handled easily maintenance, except centrifugal rotating mechanism, remainder is all square on the ground.
Operation principle of the present invention is as follows.
After the certain vacuum degree is set up by vacuum system 9 in body of heater of the present invention 1 inner space, by retaining mechanism 16 with fire door 2 and bell 3 and body of heater 1 positiver sealing, to satisfy the seal request under body of heater 1 inner vacuum or pressurization (6.0Mpa) condition.Start intermediate frequency power supply 12, to through inductor 4 transmission powers after the integral insulation processing, utilize the Frequency Induction Heating principle, with the furnace charge heat fused of inductor 4 interior crucibles carryings.
The present invention adopts charging mechanism 5 to add alloy material to inductor 4 interior crucibles under the condition of vacuum or pressurization, perhaps measures the temperature of liquation by temperature measuring equipment 6.Consider the autgmentability of equipment, by device upgrade, can also finish the functions such as sampling, top delivering oxygen.Whole process can be carried out by two observation windows on the body of heater 1 whole process and be monitored.After the adjustment of finishing alloying component adjustment and melt temperature and intermediate frequency power supply transmission power, utilize hydraulic system 11 to drive inductor 4, via pouring into a mould liquation in the mould of transition apparatus on the centrifugal rotating mechanism 7, simultaneously can also utilize magnetic stirrer 8, make liquid-solid two-phase produce relative motion, cause the fractureing of dendrite, broken with breed, reach the purpose of crystal grain thinning.But also can make granulation, and obtain mobile well semi-solid-state metal, carry out semi-solid casting.The dual-use function of centrifugal rotating mechanism 7 and magnetic stirrer 8 is so that the crystalline phase organizational structure optimization of foundry goods, and material property is further enhanced.Along with the electrical quantity adjustment of magnetic stirrer 8, change the electromagnetism intensity of force, can be optimized stirring technique.
For realizing the hot investment casting of thin-wall part, the centrifugal rotating mechanism 7 of the present invention can be set direction of rotation, rotating speed, commutating frequency and the running time of centrifugal pan 706.Maximum speed of the present invention is 300r/min, and rotating speed is adjustable, can carry out the rotating commutation.Special movable sealing 703 designs can be satisfied the seal request under vacuum or pressurization (6.0Mpa) condition.Except the kind of drive that adopts motor and reductor, can also select the kind of drive of hydraulic motor that the parameters such as the direction of rotation of centrifugal pan 706, rotating speed, commutating frequency are controlled.
Inflating pressure of the present invention system 10 can finish the fast aeration requirement that is not higher than under any pressure condition of 6.0Mpa.Be to improve the equipment operational safety performance, except being provided with the safety valve at body of heater 1, partly also be provided with safe explosion venting device, quick pressure releasing when furnace pressure raises, assurance personnel and device security at the pressure pipeline of vacuum system 9.
After pouring technology of the present invention is finished, can cut off intermediate frequency power supply 12, by vacuum system 9 and inflating pressure system 10 pressure in the body of heater be adjusted under the vacuum state.Cooling procedure is opened retaining mechanism 16 after finishing, and after the vacuum environment in the body of heater was abolished, fire door 2 and bell 3 all can be opened safely, carry out subsequent operation.In addition, can also install mechanical agitator arm additional by the spare interface on the body of heater 1, realize mould is carried out quick process for cooling.
Can prepare ingot casting and the precision casting of materials such as producing high nitrogen steel, high temperature alloy by the present invention, can reduce the physical-chemical reaction between active element and the crucible material, guarantee that the composition of high vapour pressure alloying element is accurate.Simultaneously, be suitable for the production of precision casting, living obtains the grain structure of refinement.
Be with being appreciated that, above about specific descriptions of the present invention, only for the present invention being described and being not to be subject to the described technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, still can make amendment or be equal to replacement the present invention, to reach identical technique effect; Use needs as long as satisfy, all within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. an electromagnetic agitation centrifugal large opening vacuum casting furnace that pressurizes comprises body of heater (1), fire door (2), bell (3), inductor (4), charging mechanism (5), centrifugal rotating mechanism (7), magnetic stirrer (8), vacuum system (9), inflating pressure system (10) and intermediate frequency power supply (12); It is characterized in that, described bell (3) docks with body of heater (1) top large opening flange; Described fire door (2) is assigned in body of heater (1) front; The finding time of described vacuum system (9) taken over port and communicated with body of heater (1) cavity; Described charging mechanism (5) is located on the bell (3); Described inductor (4) places body of heater (1) cavity central region, and the power output end of its power input and intermediate frequency power supply (12) joins; Interface at described body of heater (1) and fire door (2) and bell (3) is provided with retaining mechanism (16); The inflating pressure port of described inflating pressure system (10) communicates with the working cavity of vacuum system (9); The rotation performance element of described centrifugal rotating mechanism (7) is positioned at the bottom of inductor (4), lays magnetic stirrer (8) around it.
2. the electromagnetic agitation according to claim 1 centrifugal large opening vacuum casting furnace that pressurizes is characterized in that: described centrifugal rotating mechanism (7) comprises and rotates performance element and power source; Described rotation performance element comprises carrying disk (707), centrifugal pan (706), supporting seat (705) and gyroaxis (704); Described carrying disk (707), supporting seat (705) and centrifugal pan (706) are fixedly connected with the end of gyroaxis (704) respectively; The end of the clutch end of described power source through being coupled to movable sealing (703) and gyroaxis (704) on the body of heater (1) is fixedly connected.
3. the electromagnetic agitation according to claim 2 centrifugal large opening vacuum casting furnace that pressurizes, it is characterized in that: described retaining mechanism (16) comprises electric pushrod (1601), automatic safe pin (1602), tooth-type gear ring (1603) and travel switch (1604); The outer wall of the working end of described electric pushrod (1601) and tooth-type gear ring (1603) is fixedly hinged, to realize the automatic rotary of tooth-type gear ring (1603); When fire door (2) and bell (3) sealing locking, the side of the side of its end cap flange tooth and tooth-type gear ring (1603) is intermeshing; Described automatic safe pin (1602) and travel switch (1604) are located at respectively on fire door (2) and the bell (3).
4. the electromagnetic agitation according to claim 3 centrifugal large opening vacuum casting furnace that pressurizes is characterized in that: be fixed with temperature measuring equipment (6) at described bell (3), to realize the temperature survey to body of heater (1) inner melt.
5. the electromagnetic agitation according to claim 4 centrifugal large opening vacuum casting furnace that pressurizes is characterized in that: be fixed with lifting hydraulic cylinder (1101) at described body of heater (1); The working arm of described lifting hydraulic cylinder (1101) and bell (3) are fixedly connected.
6. the electromagnetic agitation according to claim 5 centrifugal large opening vacuum casting furnace that pressurizes, it is characterized in that: the pressure pipeline in vacuum system (9) partly is provided with safe explosion venting device.
7. the centrifugal large opening vacuum casting furnace that pressurizes of arbitrary described electromagnetic agitation according to claim 1～6 is characterized in that: be provided with the mechanical agitation impeller in described body of heater (1).
8. the electromagnetic agitation according to claim 6 centrifugal large opening vacuum casting furnace that pressurizes, it is characterized in that: the rotating speed of described centrifugal pan (706) satisfies following rule: rise to 300r/min, behind the uniform rotation 10s, be down to 0r/min within 2s.
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| CN106735087A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-05-31 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of cast insulation stove with Tooth-locked Quick Closure door structure |
| CN107186193A (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2017-09-22 | 上海日立电器有限公司 | Vacuum drying oven centrifugal casting technique and its equipment |
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| CN108707768A (en) * | 2018-05-26 | 2018-10-26 | 孟静 | The melting of high temperature alloy and forming method |
| CN109482847A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-03-19 | 江苏奇纳新材料科技有限公司 | Magnetic-moves the molding machine and method of combined precision complexity fine grain casting |
| CN114367651A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-04-19 | 华北理工大学 | High-nitrogen steel smelting device and smelting method thereof |
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