CN103066391A - 用于雷达装置的喇叭天线 - Google Patents

用于雷达装置的喇叭天线 Download PDF

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CN103066391A
CN103066391A CN2012104043149A CN201210404314A CN103066391A CN 103066391 A CN103066391 A CN 103066391A CN 2012104043149 A CN2012104043149 A CN 2012104043149A CN 201210404314 A CN201210404314 A CN 201210404314A CN 103066391 A CN103066391 A CN 103066391A
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dielectric
metallic object
obturator
horn antenna
openend
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CN103066391B (zh
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瓦伦丁·潘蒂
米海-加布里埃尔·塞班
巴尔金德尔·辛格
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Siemens AG
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/225Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles used in level-measurement devices, e.g. for level gauge measurement
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/28Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
    • G01F23/284Electromagnetic waves
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02Waveguide horns
    • H01Q13/0208Corrugated horns
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/08Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for modifying the radiation pattern of a radiating horn in which it is located

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Abstract

用于雷达装置的喇叭天线,包括设置在金属体(1)的中空喇叭部分(3)中的介电填充体(7)和与介电填充体连接并密封闭合金属体的开口端(4)的介电罩(8)。填充体具有刚好容纳在中空喇叭部分内的第一锥形部分(13)和远离开口端放置且尺寸设计成在其和中空喇叭部分的壁之间留有间隙(15)的第二锥形部分(14)。为提供一种喇叭天线内介电填充体的无磨损免维护连接,介电填充体在第一和第二部分(13,14)之间具有第三部分(18),第三部分和中空喇叭部分壁的相对部分设置有成对地相对设置的周向凹槽(19,20)。这些凹槽填充有优选介电类型的固化封装材料(21)。金属体内凹槽(20)的深度是不变的或随着到金属体的开口端的距离增加而增加。

Description

用于雷达装置的喇叭天线
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于雷达装置的喇叭天线,包括:
金属体,具有中空喇叭部分,该中空喇叭部分膨胀到所述金属体中的开口端;
介电填充体,设置在中空喇叭部分内;和
介电罩,与填充体连接并密封地闭合金属体的开口端;
所述介电填充体具有:第一锥形部分,该第一锥形部分朝金属体的开口端放置并刚好容纳在中空喇叭部分内;以及第二锥形部分,该第二锥形部分远离开口端放置并且尺寸设计成在其和中空喇叭部分的壁之间留有间隙。
背景技术
专利US 6,661,389公开了这种喇叭天线。
通过也称为锥形天线的喇叭天线,辐射耦合的高频能量产生的微波脉冲。在设置有这种天线的液位测量设备的组合式收发系统中,检测填充物反射的脉冲,并且通过测量这些脉冲的渡越时间来估算到填充物的距离。基于雷达的液位测量设备比如用于液体的连续液位测量、散装品或这些产品的组合。
对于没有暴露在重化学负载的天线来说,优选使用不锈钢金属喇叭。对于高腐蚀性工艺环境或要测量的填充物,出于纯度或卫生方面的原因不能与金属接触的应用,已知提供一种合适的封装天线。
上述专利US 6,661,389在图8中示出了一种喇叭天线,包括:金属体(优选铝),其中形成锥形中空喇叭部分。金属体拧在容器安装法兰的开口内,喇叭部分的开口端或孔与所述开口齐平。喇叭部分的内部空间填充有由三个不同部分组装成的介电填充体,其中一个盘状的部分覆盖并密封开口,从而将开口与容器内的环境隔开,并在其中部形成凸微波透镜。另外两个部分为圆台形和尖锥形,后者的外部尺寸在其外壁和所述喇叭部分的内表面之间留有最小的间隙,这样,可补偿温度影响引起的膨胀变化。为了连接介电填充体,通过与金属体粘合尤其是通过硅酮粘合剂来连接圆台形部分。
专利US 2009/0212996A1公开了一种与上述类似的喇叭天线,其区别在于介电填充体是一体形成的。该介电填充体具有插入金属体的管状波导部分内并通过密封或锁定装置固定的圆柱部分,从而防止填充体从喇叭天线的喇叭部分掉下来。由于填充体的介电材料的热膨胀系统比金属体高,因此在所述填充体的外表面和所述喇叭部分的内表面之间设置有周向间隙。可在喇叭部分的孔区域内设置位于填充体和金属体之间的备选或补充性密封和锁定元件。比如圆或扁平线、西格环、弹簧钢的扣环等锁定元件就是这样形成,从而不会产生干扰微波反射。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种喇叭天线内介电填充体的连接件,这种连接件在变化的温度下无磨损、免维护、稳定,并且密封地密封天线的内部,从而与外部环境隔开。
根据本发明,该目的通过最开始提到的喇叭天线类型来实现:
介电填充体在所述第一和第二部分之间具有第三部分,第三部分和中空喇叭部分的壁的相对部分设置有成对的彼此相对设置的周向凹槽;
这些凹槽填充有介电或导电的固化封装材料;
在封装材料为介电的情况下,则金属体内凹槽的深度是不变的或随着到金属体的开口端的距离的增加而增加;或/和
在封装材料为导电的情况下,则介电填充体内凹槽的深度是不变的或随着到金属体的开口端的距离增加而增加。
周向凹槽从喇叭的开口到收口深度增加的喇叭天线称为波纹喇叭天线(比如:专利US 4,106,026)。这些天线能采用紧凑设计并且辐射图得到改进。在根据本发明的喇叭天线中,有利的是,凹槽或波纹具有两种作用:提高天线的微波特性和与封装材料配合锁定介电体。根据封装材料是否为介电或导电的,金属体或填充体内的凹槽限定天线的辐射特性。因为喇叭天线并不是完全为波纹状的,因此,凹槽的加工成本降低,而微波性能则通过波纹部分得到改进。
在本发明一优选实施例中,介电填充体的第三部分和中空喇叭部分的壁的相对部分的打开角(opening angle)比第一和第二部分的打开角小。最优选的是,介电填充体的第三部分和中空喇叭部分壁的相对部分呈圆柱形,从而改进天线的机械强度。
封装材料可以是膏糊,其在介电填充体插入到金属体的中空喇叭部分前被压入凹槽中。如果未固化的封装材料或多或少为流体的,则介电填充体具有至少两个盲凹槽或盲通道,该盲凹槽或盲通道与周向凹槽相交并朝金属体的开口端打开。这样,当介电填充体插入到金属体的中空喇叭部分后,可以将封装材料应用到凹槽中。
介电填充体的第三部分的尺寸可以设计成在第三部分和中空喇叭部分的壁的相对部分之间留有间隙,以便在凹槽上分布封装材料。
为了在浇注过程中限制封装材料,介电填充体的第三部分和/或中空喇叭部分壁的相对部分具有额外的周向凹槽,该周向凹槽比其他周向凹槽距离金属体的开口端更远并容纳介电填充体和金属体之间的密封件。
介电填充体的第一圆锥部分刚好容纳在中空喇叭部分中,这样,在封装材料的装配和应用过程中,用于定心和用作保持填充体的硬止挡部;并且还提供了天线的设计机械强度从而耐高压和高温。因为介电填充体包括圆柱形部分,该圆柱形部分滑动啮合在包含在金属体中的管状波导部分内并向中空喇叭部分打开。
为了避免来自外部环境的加工材料进入天线内,金属体或介电罩在其开口端周围可以设置凹槽,用来容纳金属体和介电罩之间的密封件。为了使天线增益最大并且在天线/加工界面的反射最小,介电罩优选形成凸微波透镜。
当介电罩与填充体连接,而填充体固定支撑在金属体的中空喇叭部分中时,介电罩和填充体与金属体之间的所有连接点都在工艺环境外,且喇叭天线相对工艺环境是密封的。没有另外的固定装置,比如螺丝,延伸经过介电罩进入金属体中,该固定装置会形成集灰阱并影响天线的辐射特性。
附图说明
现通过实例并参照附图对本发明进行描述,其中,
图1为根据本发明优选实施列喇叭天线的纵剖视图。
图2为介电填充体的靠近的上部部分的横剖视图。
具体实施方式
图中所示的喇叭天线包括圆柱体1,圆柱体1由导电性能好的金属形成并且耐侵蚀性化学物质。在金属体1中加工有管状波导部分2和相邻的中空喇叭部分3。喇叭部分3朝金属体1内的开口端4膨胀或者说延伸。这里,在天线的加工界面,金属体1具有适于测量应用的法兰、螺纹或夹紧的管式连接装置5。在另一端,设置有螺纹部分6或其它合适的连接装置用于将喇叭天线连接到雷达液位发射器(未示出)的外壳。由液位发射器的高频模块提供的微波能量信号通过管状波导部分2传输到喇叭部分3。
中空喇叭部分3填充有介电填充体7。金属体1的开口端4通过介电罩8闭合,介电罩8通过螺纹部分9或其它备选连接装置连接到介电填充体7。介电罩8由微波属性好的且不受加工材料影响的材料制成。合适的介电材料包括聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、TFMTMPTFE、聚丙烯(PP)或陶瓷材料。在中部区域,介电罩8设计成介电透镜10并且可以是圆锥形,同时,可以采用其它聚焦形(椭圆形、抛物线形、相匹配形(phase matched))。介电罩8的外部区域可以用作垫圈(各种法兰或管形连接耦合件的延伸),用来密封地密封天线的加工界面。具有合适的介电和热属性的O型环11放置在罩8和金属体1之间的凹槽12中,从而防止加工材料进入天线。
填充体7材料的介电常数优选为1.5-2.5(也可能更低或更高),并且在微波频段介电损失低。合适的介电材料包括PTFE、复合泡沫塑料、
Figure BDA00002288145000051
Figure BDA00002288145000052
介电填充体7一体形成并分成若干段或部分。
填充体7的孔端的第一截头锥部分13呈截头圆锥形并与圆锥喇叭部分3匹配。在天线的装配过程中,该部分13用于定心并用作保持金属体1的中空喇叭部分3的填充体7。一旦天线装配好后,就具有设计机械强度以耐高压和高温。
第二圆锥部分14远离金属体1的开口端4。为了实现差异化的热膨胀,该部分14加工成比周围中空喇叭部分3小(锐角更多或者直径更小),这样,形成间隙15形式的膨胀空间。为了确保从空管状波导部分2顺利过渡到填充的喇叭部分3,介电填充体7的圆锥部14通过短圆柱部分16在波导部分2内突出并终止于锥尖17。圆柱部分16滑动啮合在管状波导部分2内并用作介电填充体7的定心装置。这样,介电填充体7一端定心在管状波导部分2中,另一端则刚好容纳在中空喇叭部分3中。因此,介电填充体7可纵向移动以吸收不同天线材料在整个操作温度范围内的差异化的热膨胀。
最后,介电填充体7在所述第一和第二部分13,14之间具有第三部分18。第三部分18的开口角比第一和第二部分13,14的开口角小并呈圆柱形。第一部分18和中空喇叭部分3的壁的相对部分设置有成对设置的彼此相对的周向凹槽19,20。金属体1的凹槽20的深度不变或随到金属体1的开口端4的距离增加而增加。
填充有介电封装材料21(比如:环氧树脂)的凹槽19,20具有良好的微波属性且其介电常数尽可能与填充体7的介电常数接近。当介电填充体7插入到中空喇叭部分3后,封装材料21通过填充通道22施加或者施加到凹槽19,20中。这些填充通道22是位于填充体7或金属体1中的盲凹槽或盲通道,与周向凹槽19,20相交并朝金属体1的开口端4打开。为了便于在凹槽19,20上分布封装材料21,介电填充体7的第三部分18可以加工成比周围中空喇叭部分3小,以形成间隙23。
为了在应用过程或者说施加过程中限定封装材料21,介电填充体7的第三部分18和/或中空喇叭部分3壁的相对部分具有额外的周向凹槽24,该凹槽比其他凹槽19,21距离金属体1的开口端4更远并容纳介电填充体7和金属体1之间的密封件25,比如:O型环。
包含凹槽20的中空喇叭部分3的壁部分限定波纹喇叭天线部分。优化凹槽20的间隔、宽度和深度以获得最大的微波性能。这样,有利的是,凹槽19,20改进了天线的微波特性,并配合固化封装材料21形成介电体1的永久锁。由于喇叭天线不完全是波纹状,因此,凹槽19,20的加工成本降低,而微波性能则通过波纹部分(corrugated section)得到改进。
另一部分使用导电封装材料21,在这种情况下,通过介电填充体7内加工的凹槽19形成活动波纹部分,并且凹槽的深度不变或随到金属体1的开口端4的距离增加而增加。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于雷达装置的喇叭天线,包括:
金属体(1),所述金属体具有中空喇叭部分(3),所述中空喇叭部分膨胀到所述金属体(1)中的开口端(4);
介电填充体(7),设置在中空喇叭部分(3)内;和
介电罩(8),与填充体(7)连接并密封地闭合金属体(1)的开口端(4);
所述介电填充体(7)具有:第一锥形部分(13),所述第一锥形部分朝金属体(1)的开口端(4)放置并刚好容纳在中空喇叭部分(3)内;以及第二锥形部分(14),所述第二锥形部分(14)远离开口端(4)放置并且尺寸设计成在其和中空喇叭部分(3)的壁之间留有间隙(15);
其特征在于,
所述介电填充体(7)在所述第一和第二部分(13,14)之间具有第三部分(18),所述第三部分(18)和中空喇叭部分(3)的壁的相对部分设置有成对的彼此相对设置的周向凹槽(19,20);
这些凹槽(19,20)填充有电介质或导电的固化封装材料(21)在封装材料(21)为介电的情况下,则金属体(1)内的凹槽(20)的深度是不变的或随着到金属体(1)的开口端(4)的距离的增加而增加,以及
在封装材料(21)为导电的情况下,则介电填充体(7)内的凹槽(19)的深度是不变的或随着到金属体(1)的开口端(4)距离的增加而增加。
2.根据权利要求1所述的喇叭天线,其特征在于,所述介电填充体(7)的第三部分(18)和所述中空喇叭部分(3)的壁的相对部分的打开角比第一和第二部分(13,14)的打开角小。
3.根据权利要求2所述的喇叭天线,其特征在于,所述介电填充体(7)的第三部分(18)和所述中空喇叭部分(3)的壁的相对部分呈圆柱形。
4.根据上述权利要求其中一项所述的喇叭天线,其特征在于,所述介电填充体(7)和/或金属体(1)具有至少两个盲凹槽或盲通道,所述盲凹槽或盲通道与周向凹槽(19,20)相交并朝所述金属体(1)的开口端(4)打开。
5.根据上述权利要求其中一项所述的喇叭天线,其特征在于,所述介电填充体(7)的第三部分(18)的尺寸设计成在所述第三部分(18)和所述中空喇叭部分(3)壁的相对部分之间留有间隙(23)。
6.根据上述权利要求其中一项所述的喇叭天线,其特征在于,所述介电填充体(7)的第三部分(18)和/或所述中空喇叭部分(3)壁的相对部分具有额外的周向凹槽(24),该额外的周向凹槽比其他周向凹槽(19,20)距离金属体(1)的开口端(4)更远并容纳所述介电填充体(7)和金属体(1)之间的密封件(25)。
7.根据上述权利要求其中一项所述的喇叭天线,其特征在于,所述金属体(1)包含通入中空喇叭部分(3)的管状中空波导部分(2),所述介电填充体(7)包括滑动啮合在管状中空波导部分(2)内的圆柱形部分(16)。
8.根据上述权利要求其中一项所述的喇叭天线,其特征在于,所述金属体(1)在其开口端(4)周围具有凹槽(12),用于容纳所述金属体(1)和所述介电罩(8)之间的密封件(11)。
9.根据上述权利要求其中一项所述的喇叭天线,其特征在于,所述介电罩(8)形成凸微波透镜(10)。
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