CN102544737B - 用于雷达装置的喇叭天线 - Google Patents

用于雷达装置的喇叭天线 Download PDF

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CN102544737B
CN102544737B CN201110433668.1A CN201110433668A CN102544737B CN 102544737 B CN102544737 B CN 102544737B CN 201110433668 A CN201110433668 A CN 201110433668A CN 102544737 B CN102544737 B CN 102544737B
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dielectric
obturator
cover body
horn antenna
metal body
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CN102544737A (zh
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蒂莫·库普兰德
加布里埃尔·塞班
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Siemens AG
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/08Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for modifying the radiation pattern of a radiating horn in which it is located
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/225Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles used in level-measurement devices, e.g. for level gauge measurement

Abstract

一种用于雷达装置的喇叭天线,包括:具有通向空心喇叭段(3)的管状空心波导段(2)的金属本体(1)、填充喇叭段(3)的内部空间的介电填充体(7)和介电罩体(16)。为了提供用于伸入测量环境、与高度腐蚀性处理环境隔离并可在大范围温度下使用的喇叭天线,在所述喇叭段(3)的内表面与所述填充体(7)的外表面之间设置有周向间隙(10),所述介电填充体(7)包括以滑动方式啮合在管状波导段(2)内的圆柱段(8),并且所述填充体(7)的端部设有延伸经过喇叭开孔的边缘的凸环(12)并通过弹簧(14)支撑在设于金属本体(1)的肩部(15)上,所述弹簧(14)将填充体(7)按压在罩体(16)上。

Description

用于雷达装置的喇叭天线
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于雷达装置的喇叭天线,包括:金属本体,该金属本体包括通向空心喇叭段的管状空心波导段;介电填充体,该介电填充体填充喇叭段的内部空间;以及介电罩体,该介电罩体围绕金属本体设置并覆盖喇叭段的开孔处的填充体,作为喇叭天线的保护罩体。
背景技术
US 6,661,389中的图7示出了这种喇叭天线。
通过喇叭天线(也称为锥形天线),可将由耦合的高频(HF)能量产生的微波脉冲进行辐射。在安装有这种天线的水平面(level)测量装置中的组合发射与接收系统中,检测由填充品反射的脉冲,并通过测量这些脉冲的传播时间而估计与填充品的距离。基于雷达的水平面测量装置(例如)用于连续测量液体的水平面,以及散装货物或这些产品的组合的水平。
对于不暴露在高的化学负载的天线,使用优选由不锈钢制成的金属喇叭或圆锥。对于高度腐蚀性处理环境或要测量的填充品出于纯度原因不允许与金属接触的应用情况,已知的是,提供具有保护层的金属喇叭天线,该保护层具有防腐保护功能并且是微波可穿透。
上述US 6,661,389在图7中显示了一种喇叭天线,所述喇叭天线包括优选由铝制成的金属本体,金属本体中形成管状波导段和与其相邻的锥形喇叭段。所述喇叭段的内部空间填充有锥形介电填充体,所述填充体在从喇叭段到管状波导段的过渡点的区域中具有台阶,使锥形填充体的尖端相对于对称轴与相对于其包络表面的其余部分呈轻微不同角度。所述金属本体与置于其中的介电填充体由介电罩体完全封闭,此处,介电罩体为改性聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)材质。所述罩体在其覆盖填充体的辐射表面形成凸起的微波透镜。在远离辐射表面的部分,所述罩体由合成材料的套筒包围,所述套筒通过O形圈与罩体密封。所述套筒设有外安装螺纹,使整个喇叭天线可拧入法兰或容器的开口内。
图7所示的实施例并没有解决所述空心喇叭段与所述介电填充体的不同热膨胀的问题。
US 6,661,389进一步在图8中显示了另一个喇叭天线,其中,所述金属本体拧入容器的安装法兰的开口内,所述喇叭段的开孔与所述开口平齐。所述介电填充体由三个不同部分进行组装,其中一个部分为盘状,将开口覆盖和密封,与容器内的环境隔离。其他部分具有截锥和尖锥的形状,所述尖锥的外部尺寸为,其外壁与所述喇叭段的内表面之间保留有最小间隙,因此可补偿温度影响造成的膨胀变化。
US 2009/0212996 A1公开了一种与前述喇叭天线相似的喇叭天线,不同之处在于所述介电填充体一体成形。所述介电填充体具有圆柱段,所述圆柱段插入管状波导段,并通过密封和锁定器具固定在其上,因此防止填充体从喇叭天线的喇叭段脱落。由于所述填充体的介电材料比金属本体的热膨胀系数高,所述介电填充体的外表面与所述喇叭段的内表面之间设有周向间隙。喇叭段的开孔区域内可设有填充体与金属本体之间的替代或辅助密封或锁定单元。
上述US 2009/0212996 A1与US 6,661,389的图8所示的喇叭天线的主要缺点在于,其不伸入容器内,从而使安装法兰或容器顶部的反射可能会对容器中的填充品的预期回波产生干涉。
US 6,661,389的图7所示的喇叭天线的问题在于,所述空心喇叭段与介电填充体的热膨胀不同。已知天线进一步在工艺侧设计为两个部分,可能会造成密封和清洁问题。
发明内容
因此,本发明的一个目的在于提供一种喇叭天线,该喇叭天线用于伸入测量环境中并与高度腐蚀性处理环境隔离,可在(例如)-40℃至+80℃的大温度范围内使用。
根据本发明,通过采用上述类型的喇叭天线可实现上述目的,即在喇叭段的内表面与介电填充体的外表面之间设置周向间隙,用于补偿所述介电填充体与所述喇叭段的不同热膨胀,所述介电填充体包括以滑动方式啮合在管状波导段内的圆柱段,以及所述填充体的端部设有延伸经过喇叭开孔的边缘的凸环,并通过至少一个弹簧支撑在设于金属本体的肩部上,所述弹簧将介电填充体按压在介电罩体上。
所述介电填充体的一端处于管状波导段的中心,另一端靠近凸环,使介电填充体可纵向移动,以在整个工作温度范围下吸收不同天线材料的不同热膨胀。所述弹簧将填充体按压在罩体上,因此以机械方式将罩体保持稳定,并在填充体与罩体之间不留间隙。所述弹簧处于天线开孔后面的远距离位置,不会影响天线的辐射特性。
所述金属本体优选包括周向凹陷,所述凸环延伸到周向凹陷内,周向凹陷的底部为弹簧提供了肩部。因此,凸环直径与金属本体直径之间没有变化或者至少没有陡变。因此,更易于将罩体施加在金属本体上并且不会对罩体的热膨胀产生约束。
所述介电罩体优选由聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)制成,聚偏二氟乙烯具有优良的腐蚀性化学品不透过性。
为了将喇叭天线安装在容器或法兰的开口内,所述介电罩体可在介电罩体覆盖填充体的端部与其附着在金属本体上的相对端之间的区域内具有外安装螺纹。因此,介电罩体在金属本体上的附着点(points ofattachment)处于处理环境的外部并且喇叭天线与处理环境之间密封。所述介电罩体可由穿过介电罩体并延伸到金属本体内的有肩螺钉附着(attached to)在金属本体上。
为了将金属本体与介电罩体对中,以及为了提供防止多余冷凝物向下位移到天线尖端的密封件,所述介电填充体可具有在金属本体与介电罩体之间容纳密封件的周向凹槽。
所述介电填充体优选用于延伸到喇叭段开孔之外,并在该位置形成凸起的微波透镜。由于作为罩体优选材料的PVDF在微波频率下具有较高介电损失,其在微波辐射通过的区域内的厚度必须保持为最小值。因此,所述微波透镜优选形成于介电填充体内,而不是罩体内。
附图说明
现在将通过示例根据附图对本发明进行说明,唯一的附图为根据本发明一个优选实施例的穿过喇叭天线的横断面视图。
具体实施方式
所示喇叭天线包括优选由铝制成的圆柱形金属本体1,金属本体中形成管状波导段2和与其相邻的锥形喇叭段3。所述金属本体1附着在雷达液位传送器的外壳4内。如(例如)US 7,453,393 B2所述,由位于外壳4内的高频模块(未显示)提供的微波能量信号传送给波导过渡段5,所述波导过渡段5与加工在外壳4的壁中的圆形波导管6的短段连接。所述微波能量信号转发给与圆形波导管6具有相同直径的管状波导段2。设有对中元件,以确保两个波导管2,6对齐并进行良好电气接触,以减少反射,并将传输的能量最大化。所述信号从管状波导段2发送给喇叭段3。
所述喇叭段3填充有介电填充体7,所述介电填充体7为圆锥形,并与喇叭段3具有相同角度。合适的介电材料包括聚丙烯(PP)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、和聚乙烯(PE)。为了确保从空波导段2到填充喇叭段3平滑过渡,所述介电圆锥伸入具有短圆柱段8的波导段2内,从而实现填充波导段,所述介电圆锥在端部具有圆锥尖端9,对其长度进行优化,以产生最小反射。所述圆柱段8以滑动方式啮合在管状波导段2内,并作为介电填充体7的对中装置(centering means)。
喇叭段3的内表面与介电填充体7的外表面之间设有周向间隙10,使填充体7能进行自由纵向移动,以补偿填充体7与金属本体1的线性热膨胀之间的差。所述介电填充体7延伸到喇叭段3的开孔外面,并在该位置形成凸起的微波透镜11。在该区域内,所述填充体7具有凸环12,所述凸环12延伸经过喇叭开孔的边缘并返回到圆柱形金属本体1的外部内的周向凹陷13内。此处,所述凸环12通过波形垫圈形的弹簧14支撑在由凹陷13的底部形成的肩部15上。在该位置上,所述弹簧14隐藏于天线开孔后,无法影响天线的辐射特性。
所述喇叭天线由罩体16隔离在处理环境之外,所述罩体16由具有腐蚀化学品不可透过性的塑料材料制成。可使用不同材料,但目前已知的最佳材料为聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)。所述罩体16包围金属本体1,并覆盖填充体7延伸到喇叭段3的开孔之外的部分。在靠近外壳4,远离喇叭开孔的区域,所述罩体16由径向延伸经过介电罩体16直到金属本体1内的有肩螺钉17附着在金属本体1上。所述罩体16具有外安装螺纹18和六边形剖面19,以拧在其在金属本体1上的附着点与喇叭开孔之间的区域内。因此,所述螺钉17处于处理环境之外,所述喇叭天线与处理环境之间密封。
O形圈20置于雷达外壳、喇叭与罩体之间的所有界面处,用于将天线内部构件与外部条件之间密封。所述O形圈20中的一个位于介电罩体16与金属本体1之间的金属本体1的周向凹槽21内。
PVDF作为罩体16的优选材料,在微波频率下具有较高介电损失,使其在微波辐射穿过的区域内的厚度必须保持为最小值。这也是微波透镜11形成于介电填充体7内而不是罩体16内的原因。PVDF罩体16在天线开孔处的机械强度这样设置:用由波形垫圈14按压在罩体16上的介电填充体7为PVDF罩体16提供衬垫。所述介电填充体7的一端处于管状波导段2的中心,另一端处于圆柱形金属本体1的凹陷13内的凸环12的旁边。因此,所述介电填充体7可纵向移动,以吸收整个工作温度范围内的不同天线材料的不同热膨胀。塑料与金属之间的不同热膨胀对喇叭天线提出了很大的挑战。对于典型长度为100mm,覆盖有PVDF、填充有聚丙烯、温度范围为-40℃至+80℃的铝质金属本体1,所述PVDF罩体16将膨胀大约1.6mm,聚丙烯膨胀大约1.0mm,铝仅膨胀0.25mm。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于雷达装置的喇叭天线,包括:
-金属本体(1),所述金属本体包括通向空心喇叭段(3)的管状空心波导段(2),
-介电填充体(7),所述介电填充体填充喇叭段(3)的内部空间,以及
-介电罩体(16),所述介电罩体作为喇叭天线的保护罩体围绕金属本体(1)设置并覆盖喇叭段(3)的开孔处的填充体(7),其特征在于
-在所述喇叭段(3)的内表面与所述介电填充体(7)的外表面之间设置有周向间隙(10),用于补偿所述介电填充体(7)与所述喇叭段(3)的不同热膨胀,
-所述介电填充体(7)包括圆柱段(8),所述圆柱段(8)以滑动方式啮合在所述管状波导段(2)内,以及
-所述填充体(7)的端部设有凸环(12),所述凸环(12)延伸经过喇叭开孔的边缘,并通过至少一个弹簧(14)支撑在设于金属本体(1)的肩部(15)上,所述弹簧(14)将介电填充体(7)按压在介电罩体(16)上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的喇叭天线,其特征在于,所述金属本体(1)具有周向凹陷(13),所述凸环(12)延伸进入所述周向凹陷(13)内并且所述周向凹陷(13)的底部形成所述肩部(15)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的喇叭天线,其特征在于,所述介电罩体(16)由聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)制成。
4.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的喇叭天线,其特征在于,所述介电罩体(16)在其覆盖填充体(7)的端部与其附着在金属本体(1)上的相对端部之间的区域内具有外安装螺纹(18)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的喇叭天线,其特征在于,所述介电罩体(16)由延伸穿过介电罩体(16)并进入金属本体(1)内的有肩螺钉(17)附着在金属本体(1)上。
6.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的喇叭天线,其特征在于,所述金属本体(1)具有周向凹槽(21),所述周向凹槽(21)在金属本体(1)与介电罩体(16)之间容纳密封件(20)。
7.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的喇叭天线,其特征在于,所述介电罩体(7)在其远离圆柱段(8)的端部形成凸起的微波透镜(11)。
CN201110433668.1A 2010-12-21 2011-12-21 用于雷达装置的喇叭天线 Expired - Fee Related CN102544737B (zh)

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DE102006062223A1 (de) 2006-12-22 2008-06-26 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Füllstandsmessgerät zur Ermittlung und Überwachung eines Füllstandes eines im Prozessraum eines Behälters befindlichen Mediums
DE102007009363B4 (de) * 2007-02-23 2013-09-19 KROHNE Meßtechnik GmbH & Co. KG Antenne für ein nach dem Radar-Prinzip arbeitendes Füllstandsmeßgerät
EP2615690A3 (de) * 2008-09-15 2014-03-26 VEGA Grieshaber KG Baukasten für ein Füllstandsradar-Antennensystem

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EP2469654B1 (en) 2014-08-27
US8878740B2 (en) 2014-11-04
CN102544737A (zh) 2012-07-04
US20120206312A1 (en) 2012-08-16

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