CN103065538B - Indoor drilling accident and well control technology simulation test device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an indoor drilling accident and well control technology simulation device, which comprises two components of a blowout simulation test bench and a hydraulic circulation control system. Among them, the blowout simulation test bench includes derrick, blowout preventer group, casing, drilling tools, faucets and other simulation components; the hydraulic circulation control system includes flow meters, pressure gauges, electronic control valves and other components, which can realize typical drilling accidents and their corresponding Simulation of well control measures. The simulation device is built in the laboratory, and the device is located on the ground as a whole, without drilling operations; the simulation device is designed with a plexiglass tube, which can directly observe the oil and gas transportation characteristics in the casing during the accident simulation process; the simulation device uses a hydraulic circulation system to simulate the accident process. The oil and gas flow can simulate the occurrence and development process of blowout accident more realistically.

Description

An indoor drilling accident and well control technology simulation test device

technical field

The invention relates to a drilling accident simulation and well control technology training system, more specifically, a system that can be installed indoors and can realize drilling fluid circulation, normal drilling fluid settlement, lost circulation, suction, overflow, and oil invasion A test device for simulating conventional drilling accident processes such as blowout and gas invasion blowout and corresponding well control technology.

Background technique

Drilling accidents are one of the important accident forms that affect the safe production of oil and gas. With the implementation of the oilfield development strategy, drilling accidents occur more and more frequently, and the damage is becoming more and more serious. Therefore, the oil industry pays more and more attention to the research on drilling accidents and corresponding well control technology. The drilling accident and well control technology simulation device is an experimental device developed to reduce the frequency of drilling accidents, increase the success rate of well control, and reduce accident losses. On the other hand, it can provide training conditions for on-site employees to familiarize themselves with the drilling accident process and improve the actual combat ability of well control technology.

Traditional drilling accident and well control technology simulation test devices are mainly divided into two categories: one is a virtual experiment platform, which builds various drilling accident downhole pressure balance states through computer simulation, and simulates well control technology by virtual changing program parameters; the other One is the experimental well simulation platform, which simulates drilling accidents and corresponding well control technology by constructing experimental wells with a depth of hundreds of meters. The experimental well platform has almost the same structure as the real oil and gas wells, except that the oil and gas pressure in the formation uses oil pumps and air compressors supply.

However, the virtual experimental platform cannot give the trainees an intuitive understanding. All the establishment process of pressure conditions is realized through the program, which cannot directly reflect the establishment process, and the operation sense of well control technology is not strong; The experimental well environment of the well has the main disadvantages of large investment and difficulty in popularization, and because the oil and gas state in the downhole casing cannot be directly observed, the demonstration of the drilling accident establishment process is not strong.

It can be seen that the existing drilling accident and well control technology simulation platform cannot well meet the needs of the existing drilling accident and well control technology simulation training, and there is an urgent need for a drilling accident and well control technology test device that can make up for the above shortcomings.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to, aiming at the deficiencies of the existing drilling accident simulation test platform, provide a low-cost drilling accident and monitoring platform that can be installed indoors, does not require drilling operations, and can provide visual simulation for common drilling accidents. Well control technology simulation test device.

The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: an indoor drilling accident simulation device, including: a drilling accident simulation test bench and a hydraulic circulation system, and the drilling accident simulation test bench includes: a drilling tool traction motor unit, a drilling tool assembly , an exhaust pipe, an upper connection flange, a ground simulation board, a lower connection flange, a plexiglass casing, a two-story platform simulation platform and a derrick simulation platform, and the drilling tool traction motor unit is fixed on the derrick simulation platform , and is connected with the drilling tool assembly through a transmission mechanism, the drilling tool traction motor unit drives the lifting and lowering of the drilling tool assembly through forward and reverse rotation; the upper connecting flange is fixed on the second-floor table On the bench, the exhaust pipe runs through the upper connecting flange; it is characterized in that: the plexiglass casing is fixedly installed on the second-floor platform through the upper connecting flange and the lower connecting flange On the bench, the drilling accident simulation test bench also includes a plurality of drilling fluid inlets and outlets independent of each other, and the plurality of drilling fluid inlets and outlets are connected to the hydraulic circulation system. The hydraulic circulation system is regulated by pumps and valves. Controlling, constructing different pressure balance conditions in the simulation device, so as to realize the simulation of the blowout accident process and the corresponding well control technology.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the wall thickness and inner diameter of the plexiglass sleeve are designed to meet the strength standards of pressure vessels.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the lower connecting flange is made of stainless steel, and six drilling fluid inlets and outlets connected to the hydraulic circulation system are arranged on the lower connecting flange.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the drilling tool assembly includes a kelly, a drill collar, a kelly joint, a guide bolt, a drill pipe, a drill bit, and a spring, wherein the kelly is connected to the drill collar, And connect the drill pipe through the kelly drill collar joint head, the drill pipe is connected to the drill bit, wherein the kelly, the drill collar, and the drill pipe are hollow, and the top of the kelly is provided with a drilling fluid injection port, and the drilling fluid injection port It is one of the multiple drilling fluid inlets and outlets. The drilling fluid enters the drilling fluid injection port and flows to the inside of the drill pipe. The port is drawn out of the plexiglass casing, and the drilling fluid pumping port is one of the plurality of drilling fluid inlets and outlets.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the drilling tool assembly further includes a pressure sealing ring, which is located between the kelly joint and the drill pipe, and seals the drilling tool assembly and the plexiglass casing so that the drill The pressure balance established in the plexiglass sleeve is not damaged during the up and down movement of the assembly. The main body of the pressure sealing ring is made of stainless steel, and a sealing rubber ring is arranged around it.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the guide bolt is fixed on the pressure seal ring through threaded connection, and passes through the kelly drill collar joint to provide guidance for the axial movement of the pressure seal ring relative to the drill pipe; the spring is installed on the Between the kelly joint and the pressure seal ring, ensure that the spring is not fully compressed when the drilling fluid is filled with the plexiglass casing to form a stable pressure environment, so that there is a gap between the kelly joint and the pressure seal ring. A certain stroke space is provided to provide a buffer link for the lowering of the drill pipe, so as to prevent the drilling tool traction motor unit from being burnt due to overload, and at the same time ensure that the drilling tool assembly can simulate tripping in a pressure environment.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the hydraulic circulation system includes: an oil tank, a liquid level gauge, a drilling fluid input pump, a pressure reducing valve, a throttling solenoid valve, a check valve, a pressure sensor, a liquid flow meter, and a proportional overflow valve , air compressor, gas flow meter, relief valve, non-leakage solenoid valve, safety relief valve, gas check valve, gas pressure reducing valve, needle valve, gas throttle valve, drilling fluid extraction pump, safety relief valve , reservoir simulation pumps and nozzles.

The control method of the indoor drilling accident and well control technology simulation device of the present invention is realized by the following technical solutions:

The drilling fluid injection flow is adjusted and controlled by the drilling fluid input pump and the first throttle solenoid valve in the hydraulic circulation system, and the drilling fluid pumping flow is adjusted and controlled by the drilling fluid extraction pump and the second throttle solenoid valve in the hydraulic circulation system. The flowmeter measures the injection flow rate of the drilling fluid, and the second flowmeter measures the extraction flow rate of the drilling fluid. When the readings of the first flowmeter and the second flowmeter are the same, a stable circulating drilling fluid is formed in the plexiglass casing.

According to another aspect of the present invention, by setting the relief valve overflow pressure in the hydraulic circulation system to simulate the pressure of the formation, a pressure gauge is set in the hydraulic circulation system to measure the drilling fluid pressure in the plexiglass casing, when the drilling fluid pressure When it is greater than the overflow pressure, the simulated formation is depressed and a lost circulation accident occurs.

According to another aspect of the present invention, by adjusting the third throttling solenoid valve to simulate the formation cavity volume, the drilling fluid level in the plexiglass casing drops to simulate the drilling fluid settlement, and by adjusting the first throttling solenoid valve, the injection of drilling fluid is increased flow, to simulate the drilling fluid settlement accident.

According to another aspect of the present invention, when the drill pipe is lifted up quickly, the pressure in the space of the plexiglass casing drops to form a negative pressure, the check valve set in the hydraulic circulation system opens, and the outside air enters the drill pipe through the check valve. A simulated suction accident in the annulus of the plexiglass casing.

According to another aspect of the present invention, by controlling the oil layer simulation pump in the hydraulic circulation system and adjusting the fourth throttling solenoid valve, the first pressure reducing valve simulates and controls the pressure of the oil reservoir in the formation to invade the plexiglass casing, by setting The pressure of the first pressure reducing valve is higher than the pressure of the second pressure reducing valve, simulating the simulation of blowout accident; by closing the fifth throttling solenoid valve, simulating the closing of the blowout preventer set on the drilling accident simulation test bench, so that the blowout The accident is under control.

According to another aspect of the present invention, by controlling the air compressor, adjusting the gas decompression valve, and the gas throttle valve, the pressure of the gas reservoir in the formation is simulated and controlled to invade the organic glass casing to simulate the gas invasion process.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the whole figure of drilling accident and well control technology simulation test device of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the hydraulic cycle control system diagram of the drilling accident and well control technology simulation test device of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of the drilling tool assembly of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the simulation schematic diagram of the drilling fluid circulation process of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the simulation schematic diagram of the drilling fluid normal settlement process of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of simulation of lost circulation process of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the simulation of the suction process of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is the simulation schematic diagram of overflow process of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the simulation of the blowout and kick process of the present invention;

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the simulation of the gas invasion blowout process of the present invention.

Figure number:

1. Drilling tool traction motor unit 2. Drilling tool assembly 3. Exhaust pipe

4. Upper connecting flange 5. Annular blowout preventer 6. Single ram blowout preventer

7. Ground simulation board 8. Lower connection flange 9. Plexiglass casing

10. Two-story platform simulation platform 11. Derrick simulation platform 12. Kelly

13. Drill collar 14. Kelly drill collar connector 15. Guide bolt

16. Pressure seal ring 17. Drill pipe 18. Drill bit

19. Spring

Detailed ways

The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The present invention is not limited by the following examples, and the specific implementation can be determined according to the technical solutions and actual conditions of the present invention. In the description, certain terms are used herein for reference only and are not meant to be limiting.

The indoor drilling accident and well control technology simulation device is composed of a drilling accident simulation test bench and a hydraulic circulation system. As shown in Figure 1, the drilling accident simulation test bench is designed according to the onshore oil drilling platform with simplified structure and reduced size. In order to facilitate indoor ground installation, the simulated ground is lifted by building a platform so that the entire downhole casing section is located above the indoor ground. It includes: the drill tool traction motor unit 1 fixed on the derrick simulation platform 11, the drill tool traction motor unit 1 is used instead of the traditional cable mechanism to realize the tripping of the drill tool, which can overcome the shortcoming of the simulated drill tool’s insufficient weight. The assembly 2, the traction motor unit 1 and the drilling tool assembly 2 are connected through a transmission mechanism, wherein the transmission mechanism can be a rod with an external thread connected to the traction motor unit 1 and a rod with an external thread connected to the drilling tool assembly 2. It consists of a set of internal threads, and the lifting and lowering of the drilling tool assembly 2 is driven by the positive and negative rotation of the traction motor unit 1 . The simulation test bench also has an upper connecting flange 4, which is fixed on the second-story platform simulation bench 10, and the exhaust pipe 3 runs through the upper connecting flange 4 to collect and process the natural gas, methane, A mixture of combustible gases such as hydrogen. An annular blowout preventer 5 and a single ram blowout preventer 6 are arranged above the ground simulation board 7, and the blowout preventer can also be used by any one or combination of single ram, double ram, annular and rotary blowout preventers. The lower connecting flange 8 fixedly connected to the upper connecting flange 4 through a plurality of fixing columns, the lower connecting flange 8 is made of stainless steel, and in order to facilitate observation during the accident simulation process, a plexiglass casing 9 is used to simulate the actual casing. Apply the pressure vessel standard to design and check the inner diameter and thickness of the plexiglass sleeve. The plexiglass sleeve 9 is fixedly installed on the second-story simulation platform 10 through the upper connecting flange 4 and the lower connecting flange 8. The casing allows the user to clearly see the state of the drilling accident. The wall thickness and inner diameter of the plexiglass casing 9 are designed to meet the strength standards of the pressure vessel. The simulation test bench also includes 9 drilling fluid inlets and outlets. The drilling tool assembly is provided with a first drilling fluid injection port and a second drilling fluid/air extraction port, and the lower connecting flange is provided with a third drilling fluid extraction port, a fourth drilling fluid injection port, a fifth air The injection port, the sixth drilling fluid outlet, the seventh drilling fluid outlet, and the eighth air injection port, the ninth air injection port is set on the upper connecting flange, and the nine drilling fluid inlets and outlets are connected by high-pressure hoses and hydraulic pressure. The circulation system is connected, and the hydraulic circulation system is adjusted and controlled by pumps and valves, and different pressure balance conditions are constructed in the simulation test bench to realize the simulation of the blowout accident process and the corresponding well control technology. The import and export of drilling fluid are independent of each other. The mutual independence here means that each import and export of drilling fluid can be controlled independently, and can be combined with other drilling fluid import and export to work together to simulate different drilling accidents.

In order to simulate various drilling accidents and corresponding well control technologies, the present invention designs a hydraulic circulation system as shown in Figure 2, through the joint work of various electromagnetic valves, flow meters, and pressure gauges, to control the pressure balance state in the plexiglass casing, Realize the simulation of each drilling accident and its corresponding well control technology, as shown in Figure 2, the hydraulic circulation system includes: sequentially connected drilling fluid injection pump 3 and pressure reducing valve 4.1, throttling solenoid valve 5.1, check valve 6.1 , high-precision pressure sensor 7.1, flow meter 8.1, and connected with the drilling fluid injection port ① to control the drilling fluid injection; the drilling fluid/air extraction port ② is connected to the proportional overflow valve 9, throttle solenoid valve 5.7 and nozzle 26 in sequence , in the process of oil invasion or gas invasion, the blowout accident can be observed through the nozzle 26, and the blowout accident can be controlled by adjusting the throttling solenoid valve 5.7 to simulate the closure of the blowout preventer group. Drilling fluid outlet ③ is sequentially connected to throttle solenoid valve 23, drilling fluid pump 22, liquid flowmeter 8.2, high-precision pressure sensor 7.2, and throttle solenoid valve 5.2 for drilling fluid extraction; drilling fluid inlet ④ is connected in sequence Liquid flow meter 8.3, high-precision pressure sensor 7.3, check valve 6.2, throttle solenoid valve 5.3, pressure reducing valve 4.2 and oil layer simulation pump 25 are used to simulate oil layer pressure intrusion; air injection port ⑤ is connected to gas check valve 18 in sequence , gas flow meter 12, low-precision pressure sensor 11, gas throttle valve 21, needle valve 20, gas pressure reducing valve 19 and air compressor 10 to simulate gas intrusion; drilling fluid outlet ⑥ is connected to safety overflow valve in sequence 24. Liquid flow meter 8.4, pressure gauge 14.1, throttle solenoid valve 5.5, used to simulate the formation cavity volume; drilling fluid outlet ⑦ is connected to liquid flow meter 8.5, pressure gauge 14.2, overflow valve 13, throttle solenoid valve 5.6 in sequence , to simulate well leakage accidents; air injection port ⑧, connected to one-way valve 15, to simulate suction accidents; air injection port ⑨ is connected in parallel with non-leakage solenoid valve 16 and safety pressure relief valve 17, and opens the valve when the simulation device is working The air is connected to prevent the pressure in the simulation device from being too high; among them, the drilling fluid input pump 3, the throttling solenoid valves 5.2, 5.5, 5.6, and the reservoir simulation pump 25 are connected to the oil tank 1. Preferably, the drilling fluid extraction pump 22 is connected to the drilling fluid extraction outlet ⑥ to connect the safety overflow valve 24, the liquid flow meter 8.4, the pressure gauge 14.1, and the throttle solenoid valve 5.5 in sequence on the liquid road, because the oil quantity of the simulation device has insufficient gravity , the use of the drilling fluid pump 22 can make the simulation effect of the formation cavity better.

As shown in Figure 3, the drilling tool assembly 2 is composed of a kelly 12, a drill collar 13, a kelly drill collar connector 14, a guide bolt 15, a pressure sealing ring 16, a drill pipe 17, a drill bit 18, and a spring 19. The hole ① on the top of the kelly 12 is the drilling fluid injection port. The drilling fluid enters the inside of the drill pipe 17 and enters the plexiglass casing 9 through the opening at the lower end of the drill pipe 17, and is drawn out through the hole ③ of the lower connecting flange 8. The plexiglass casing 9 forms the drilling fluid annulus, and the guide bolt 15 is fixed on the pressure seal ring 16 through threaded connection, and passes through the kelly drill collar joint 14, which is the axis of the pressure seal ring 16 relative to the drill pipe 17. Provide guidance to the movement; the spring 19 is installed between the kelly joint 14 and the pressure sealing ring 16, and when the drilling fluid is filled with the plexiglass casing 9 to form a stable pressure environment, it is ensured that the spring is not fully compressed, so that the A certain stroke space is left between the drill pipe drill collar joint 14 and the pressure sealing ring 16 to provide a buffer link for lowering the drill pipe 17, preventing the drill tool traction motor unit 1 from being burnt due to overload, and at the same time ensuring that the drill tool assembly 2 can Simulate a trip in a stressful environment. Since the simulation device is installed indoors on the ground and does not need to be used for drilling operations, it cannot rely on the gravity of the drilling fluid itself to form a downhole pressure environment like the traditional simulation test device. A closed space is formed in the pipe 9, and the hydraulic circulation system is used to provide pressure for the drilling fluid in the plexiglass casing 9 to simulate the downhole pressure of the drilling fluid in the actual casing. The main body of the pressure sealing ring is made of stainless steel, and a sealing rubber ring is arranged around it.

The present invention can simulate the following drilling accident processes through the control of the hydraulic circulation system. With reference to Figure 2 and Figure 4-10, the specific control methods are described as follows:

1. Simulation of the drilling fluid circulation process: control the drilling fluid injection flow by turning on the drilling fluid input pump and adjusting the first throttle solenoid valve 5.1 and the pressure reducing valve 4.1. When the drilling fluid level reaches the specified height, start the drilling fluid pumping pump and adjust the second throttling solenoid valve 5.2 to control the pumping out flow of the drilling fluid, the first flowmeter 8.1 measures the injection flow of the drilling fluid, and the second flowmeter 8.2 measures the pumping out flow of the drilling fluid, when the first flow When the readings of the meter 8.1 and the second flow meter 8.2 are the same, a stable circulating drilling fluid is formed in the plexiglass casing 9 . The flow direction of the drilling fluid in the 9 plexiglass casing is shown in Figure 4.

2. Simulation of drilling fluid settlement and well control technology: as shown in Figure 5, by adjusting the opening of the fifth throttle solenoid valve to 5.5 to simulate the formation cavity volume, the drilling fluid level in the plexiglass casing 9 will drop to simulate drilling Fluid settlement, simulating drilling fluid settlement accidents. By adjusting the throttle solenoid valve 5.1 opening, increasing the drilling fluid injection flow rate to maintain a stable liquid level, simulating drilling fluid settlement accident well control technology.

3. Simulation of lost circulation accidents: as shown in Figure 6, set the overflow pressure of the overflow valve to simulate the pressure of the formation, adjust the throttle valve 5.2, reduce the drilling fluid pumping flow rate, and simulate the downhole pressure by rising the drilling fluid level When the downhole pressure value exceeds the set value of the overflow valve 13, the overflow valve 13 will be opened to simulate lost circulation, and the flow rate of the lost circulation can be observed through the flow meter 8.5 to simulate Well leakage accident.

4. Suction accident simulation: As shown in Figure 7, the drilling tool traction motor unit 1 drives the drill pipe up to simulate the drilling tool lifting process. When the lifting speed reaches a certain value, the pressure in the plexiglass casing 9 drops to form a negative pressure. The one-way valve is opened, and outside air enters the plexiglass sleeve 9 through the one-way valve, simulating a suction accident. Stop lifting the drill pipe to simulate the well control technology, and enter the overflow accident simulation environment if the formation structure is damaged.

5. Simulation of overflow accident and well control technology: as shown in Figure 8, start the reservoir simulation pump 25, and adjust the third throttling solenoid valve 5.3 and the first pressure reducing valve 4.2 to simulate and control the oil reservoir pressure intrusion in the formation. The plexiglass casing 9 is described above, the overflow flow is observed through the flowmeter 8.3, and the drilling fluid level in the casing is observed to rise at the same time, and the overflow accident is simulated; the pumping of high-density drilling fluid can be simulated by adjusting the pressure reducing valve 4.1. 7.1 Observe the pressure rise in the casing. When the pressure in the casing rises higher than the reservoir pressure, the overflow stops, and the flowmeter 8.3 shows zero, simulating the overflow accident well control technology.

6. Simulation of oil invasion blowout accident: As shown in Figure 9, the oil layer simulation pump 25 is turned on, the throttle solenoid valve 5.3 is adjusted, and the pressure relief valve 4.2 simulates the crude oil intrusion into the casing in the oil reservoir in the formation, and the pressure relief valve 4.2 is set at a pressure higher than Drilling fluid injection pump pressure reducing valve 4.1 sets the pressure, the overflow well control fails, and the blowout accident simulation is observed through the nozzle 26; the blowout preventer group can be closed by closing the throttling solenoid valve 5.7, and the blowout accident is controlled.

7. Gas invasion and blowout accident simulation: As shown in Figure 10, a connected air compressor 10 is set in the hydraulic circulation system, the gas pressure reducing valve 19 and the gas throttle valve 21 are adjusted, and connected to the fifth air compressor. The injection port is provided with the connected seventh throttle solenoid valve 5.7 and the nozzle 26 in the hydraulic circulation system, and is connected to the second drilling fluid/air extraction port, the air compressor 10 is opened, and the gas pressure relief valve 19 is adjusted. , the gas throttle valve 21 simulates the natural gas intrusion into the casing in the gas storage layer in the formation, and the blowout accident simulation is observed through the nozzle 26; the closing of the blowout preventer group can be simulated by closing the throttle solenoid valve 5.7, and the blowout accident is controlled.

Claims (10)

1. An indoor drilling accident simulation device, comprising: a drilling accident simulation test bench and a hydraulic circulation system, the drilling accident simulation test bench comprising: a drilling tool traction motor unit (1), a drilling tool assembly (2), The upper connection flange (4), the ground simulation board (7), the lower connection flange (8), the second-story platform simulation platform (10) and the derrick simulation platform (11), the drilling tool traction motor unit (1 ) is fixed on the derrick simulation platform (11), and is connected with the drilling tool assembly (2) through the transmission mechanism, and the drilling tool traction motor unit (1) drives the drilling tool assembly (2) through forward and reverse rotation lifting and lowering; the upper connecting flange (4) is fixed on the two-story platform simulation platform (10), and the lower connecting flange (8) is fixed on the upper connecting flange (4) by a fixing mechanism ), it is characterized in that: the drilling accident simulation test platform also includes a plexiglass sleeve (9), and the plexiglass sleeve (9) passes through the upper connection flange (4) and the lower connection method Lan (8) is fixedly installed on the two-story platform simulation platform (10), wherein the drilling tool assembly (2) is provided with a first drilling fluid injection port and a second drilling fluid/air extraction port, so The following connecting flange (8) is provided with the third drilling fluid outlet, the fourth drilling fluid injection port, the fifth air injection port, the sixth drilling fluid extraction port, the seventh drilling fluid extraction port, and the eighth air injection port , the ninth air injection port is set on the upper connecting flange (4), and each of the above drilling fluid injection ports, drilling fluid extraction outlets and air injection ports are respectively connected with the hydraulic circulation system, and the hydraulic circulation system includes: Oil tank, liquid level gauge, drilling fluid input pump, pressure reducing valve, throttle solenoid valve, check valve, pressure sensor, liquid flow meter, proportional overflow valve, air compressor, gas flow meter, overflow valve, no leakage Solenoid valves, safety relief valves, gas check valves, gas pressure reducing valves, needle valves, gas throttle valves, drilling fluid extraction pumps, safety overflow valves, reservoir simulation pumps and nozzles, through the regulation of the hydraulic circulation system control, simulating a drilling accident in the drilling accident simulation test bench. 2. The indoor drilling accident simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the drilling tool assembly (2) comprises a kelly (12), a drill collar (13), a kelly drill collar connector ( 14), guide bolt (15), drill pipe (17), drill bit (18) and spring (19), wherein the kelly (12) is connected to the drill collar (13), and through the kelly drill collar joint (14) is connected with drill pipe (17), and drill pipe (17) connects drill bit (18), and wherein said kelly (12), drill collar (13) and drill pipe (17) are hollow, and said first A drilling fluid injection port is arranged on the top of the kelly (12), and the drilling fluid enters the first drilling fluid injection port and flows to the inside of the drill pipe (17), and enters the plexiglass casing ( 9) inside. 3. The indoor drilling accident simulation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the drilling tool assembly (2) also includes a pressure sealing ring (16), and the pressure sealing ring (16) is located at the joint of the kelly drill collar. Between the head (14) and the drill pipe (17), the pressure balance established in the plexiglass casing (9) will not be destroyed during the process of the drilling tool assembly moving up and down. 4. The indoor drilling accident simulation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the guide bolt (15) is fixed on the pressure seal ring (16) through threaded connection, and is connected through the kelly drill collar The head (14) provides guidance for the axial movement of the pressure seal ring (16) relative to the drill pipe (17); the spring (19) is installed between the kelly drill collar joint (14) and the pressure seal ring ( 16), ensure that the spring is not fully compressed when the drilling fluid is filled with the plexiglass casing (9) to form a stable pressure environment, so that there is a gap between the kelly joint (14) and the pressure seal ring (16). A certain stroke space is provided to provide a buffer link for lowering the drill pipe (17), preventing the drilling tool traction motor unit (1) from being burned due to overload, and ensuring that the drilling tool assembly (2) can simulate tripping in a pressure environment. 5. A control method for the indoor drilling accident simulator according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: a connected drilling fluid input pump and a first throttling solenoid valve are set in the hydraulic circulation system (5.1) and the first flow meter (8.1), and connected to the first drilling fluid injection port; the second throttle solenoid valve (5.2), the second flow meter (8.2) connected to each other are set in the hydraulic circulation system ) and the drilling fluid extraction pump, and connected to the third drilling fluid extraction outlet, by opening the drilling fluid input pump and adjusting the first throttling solenoid valve (5.1) to control the drilling fluid injection flow, opening the drilling fluid extraction pump and Adjust the second throttling solenoid valve (5.2) to control the drilling fluid pumping flow, the first flowmeter (8.1) measures the drilling fluid injection flow, and the second flowmeter (8.2) measures the drilling fluid pumping flow, When the readings of the first flow meter (8.1) and the second flow meter (8.2) are the same, circulating drilling fluid is formed in the organic glass casing (9). 6. A control method of the indoor drilling accident simulator according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: a connected pressure gauge (14.2) and overflow valve are set in the hydraulic circulation system, and Connect the seventh drilling fluid outlet, set the overflow pressure of the overflow valve to simulate the formation pressure, the pressure gauge (14.2) measures the drilling fluid pressure in the plexiglass casing (9), when the drilling When the hydraulic pressure is greater than the overflow pressure, a lost circulation accident is simulated. 7. A control method for the indoor drilling accident simulator according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: a fifth throttle solenoid valve (5.5) is set in the hydraulic circulation system and connected to the In the sixth drilling fluid outlet, the volume of the formation cavity is simulated by adjusting the fifth throttling solenoid valve (5.5), so that the drilling fluid level in the plexiglass casing (9) drops, simulating the drilling fluid settlement accident. 8. A control method for the indoor drilling accident simulation device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: a check valve is set in the hydraulic circulation system and connected to the eighth air injection port , when the drilling tool assembly (2) is quickly lifted up, the pressure in the plexiglass casing (9) drops and a negative pressure is formed, the check valve is opened, and outside air enters the Perspex sleeve (9), to simulate a suction accident. 9. A control method of the indoor drilling accident simulation device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: in the hydraulic circulation system, a connected oil layer simulation pump (25), a third throttle The electromagnetic valve (5.3) and the first pressure reducing valve (4.2) are connected to the fourth drilling fluid injection port, and the seventh throttling electromagnetic valve (5.7) is set in the hydraulic circulation system and connected to the first Two drilling fluid/air outlets, open the reservoir simulation pump (25), and adjust the third throttling solenoid valve (5.3) and the first pressure reducing valve (4.2) to simulate and control the pressure of the oil reservoir in the formation to invade the organic glass The sleeve pipe (9) controls the blowout accident by closing the seventh throttle electromagnetic valve (5.7). 10. A control method for the indoor drilling accident simulation device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: a connected air compressor (10) is set in the hydraulic circulation system to adjust the gas decompression Valve (19) and gas throttle valve (21), and connected to the fifth air injection port, the seventh throttle solenoid valve (5.7) is set in the hydraulic circulation system and connected to the second drilling fluid /air pumping outlet, by opening the air compressor (10), adjusting the gas pressure reducing valve (19) and the gas throttle valve (21) to simulate and control the pressure of the gas reservoir in the formation to invade the plexiglass sleeve (9), simulate In the gas invasion process, the blowout accident is controlled by closing the seventh throttle solenoid valve (5.7).