CN103058775B - Preparation for preventing citrus young fruits from physiological fruit drop and application method thereof - Google Patents
Preparation for preventing citrus young fruits from physiological fruit drop and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103058775B CN103058775B CN201310023151.4A CN201310023151A CN103058775B CN 103058775 B CN103058775 B CN 103058775B CN 201310023151 A CN201310023151 A CN 201310023151A CN 103058775 B CN103058775 B CN 103058775B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation for preventing citrus young fruits from physiological fruit drop and an application method thereof. The preparation is formed by 6-benzyl adenine, gibberellic acid, boric acid, zinc oxide, diluted hydrochloric acid, glycerol and alcohol. The preparation disclosed by the invention is prepared into 500-1000 times of diluted liquid; and young fruits are sprayed for the first time by the diluted liquid when 70-80% of blossoms fall and the young fruits are sprayed for the second time after 15-30 days. The preparation disclosed by the invention can effectively reduce the fall of the citrus young fruits and the effect is better than the effect of the single use of the 6-benzyl adenine (BA), the gibberellic acid (GA3) or a common BA+GA3 fruit keeping and anti-falling preparation; and the anti-falling effect is outstanding and the yield is increased to 115.8-304.3%. The product disclosed by the invention has no bad influences on the fruit and the single fruit is heavy; and the content of soluble solids in juice has no obvious difference from the fruit keeping and anti-falling preparation or clean water. A preparation method of the preparation is that the preparation is prepared at normal temperature and normal pressure, and is safe, energy-saving and environment-friendly; and the application method is simple and feasible, and is flexible to use. The preparation and the application method thereof are convenient to popularize and use.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation that prevents oranges and tangerines young fruit physiological fruit drop, the invention still further relates to this kind and prevent the using method of the preparation of oranges and tangerines young fruit physiological fruit drop.
Background technology
Oranges and tangerines are one of China's advantageous agricultural products of national planning.2011, more than 3,300 ten thousand mu of China's oranges and tangerines areas, more than 2,900 ten thousand tons of output, area and output all rank first in the world.But, oranges and tangerines at florescence and young fruit period to environment sensitive, if meet with the anomalous weathers such as rainy, arid or high temperature, most of few seed and there will be serious young fruit physiological fruit drop without seed Citrus Cultivars (as satsuma orange, navel orange etc.), causes the output even total crop failure that falls sharply.For example, Lingchuan County, nineteen eighty-three Guangxi is thanked to the florescence at oranges and tangerines and is occurred abnormal high temperature, and young fruit drops in a large number, causes this year whole county satsuma orange output to be fallen greatly, only reaches 2/3 of last year in the normal time; Citrus florescence in 1988 young fruit period meets abnormal high temperature, makes output underproduction 50%～80% compared with last year in national citrus producing region; 2006, navel orange producing region, south, Jiangxi met with abnormal high temperature low humidity weather at young fruit period, caused that navel orange young fruit comes off really in a large number, lacks hillside fields, the underproduction then of sand ground orchard of irrigating over half; Within 2012, oranges and tangerines are bloomed the phase of bearing fruit, and the most of oranges and tangerines of China producing region meets with long-term low temperature overcast and rainy day weather, causes that a large amount of young fruits come off, the underproduction approximately 1/3 such as national navel orange, Nanfeng orange and granulated sugar tangerine.Even in the normal time, if most of Citrus Cultivars growing way is more prosperous, also easily occur that young fruit comes off in a large number, cause the significantly underproduction.Conventionally shedding more than 10% just thinks that shedding is serious, therefore, prevents the excessive shedding of oranges and tangerines young fruit, necessary on producing.
At present, the method that prevents young fruit physiological fruit drop on Orange Producing mainly contains limb band girdle, (natural Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins has tens kinds to spraying Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins (GA), and chemical structure and physiological function are close, by the precedence of finding called after GA respectively
1, GA
2, GA
3, GA
4, GA
5, GA..., conventional in agriculture production is the GA of microorganism fermentative production
3, claim again gibberic acid), 6-benzyl aminoadenine (BA), or spraying " gibberic acid+6-benzyl aminoadenine (GA+BA) ".The defect of limb band girdle is that band girdle width is difficult to grasp, and stripping is mouthful slightly wide may be difficult to timely healing, makes to set body decline even dead.GA
3though have certain effect, because of GA
3easily degraded, the lasting period is short, needs repeatedly spraying, grasps improper slightly thick, the quality decline of pericarp that easily causes.BA only to reduce the coming off of young fruit band base of fruit (be generally thank spend after in 3 weeks, be commonly called as " physiological fruit drop for the first time ") effectively, not invalid with the coming off of base of fruit (generally spend after 3 weeks thanking, be commonly called as " physiological fruit drop for the second time ") to young fruit; In addition, BA is difficult to water-soluble, uses hot alcohol equal solvent to dissolve, and is added in water also crystallization immediately, and fruit retention effect is significantly declined; Therefore, orchard worker is often difficult to obtain effect with BA fruit retention.BA+GA
3fruit retention effect be better than and use separately GA
3or use separately BA.But, GA
3short and the problem easy crystallization of BA of lasting period still exists, GA
3can not give full play to its effect with BA, fruit retention effect is still not good enough.Therefore, improve GA
3fruit retention effect with BA, need to extend GA
3lasting period and solution BA are insoluble in the problem of water.
GA
3all belong to plant-growth regulator with BA, growth regulator itself there is no any nutrient, but can transfer flowing of nutrient.Existing result of study proves, GA
3to after on oranges and tangerines young fruit, the nutrient that flows to young fruit increases, and has promoted cell fission and the growth of young fruit, thereby reduces shedding with BA spraying.Therefore, improve the percentage of fertile fruit of oranges and tangerines, only rely on GA
3with this class plant-growth regulator of BA be inadequate, need to be at GA
3with the nutritive element that adds the easy shortage of in-tree body in BA.
Nearly ten years, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Citrus Institute has carried out tree body trophic level diagnositc analysis to representative orchard, more than 600 of national oranges and tangerines main producing regions, result shows, mandarin tree body lacks the orchard ratio of zinc or low zinc up to more than 70%, and part producing region is especially up to more than 90%; The citrus orchard ratio of boron deficiency or low boron reaches 40% left and right.Due to tree body zinc and boron deficiency, fallen flowers and the shedding of oranges and tangerines are aggravated.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of for preventing the preparation of oranges and tangerines young fruit physiological fruit drop;
Another object of the present invention is to provide the using method of the preparation that prevents oranges and tangerines young fruit physiological fruit drop.
Raw material umber of the present invention is all in weight part, and described percentage ratio is except special instruction, all by weight percentage.
The object of the invention is to realize by such technical scheme, a kind of preparation that prevents oranges and tangerines young fruit physiological fruit drop, formed by following component proportion: 8～10 parts of 6-benzyl aminoadenines, 16～20 parts of gibberic acid, 8～10 parts of boric acid, 8～10 parts of zinc nitrates, 30～40 parts, dilute hydrochloric acid, 40～60 parts of glycerine, 200～240 parts of alcohol.
Each component is preferred above: 9 parts of 6-benzyl aminoadenines, 18 parts of gibberic acid, 9 parts of boric acid, 9 parts of zinc nitrates, 35 parts, dilute hydrochloric acid, 50 parts of glycerine, 220 parts of alcohol.
Described 6-benzyl aminoadenine, has another name called 6-benzyladenine, 6-benzyladenine, 6-phenmethyl VITAMIN B4 6-BA, BA etc., and 6-benzyl aminoadenine purity of the present invention need reach more than 98%, and its molecular formula is C
12h
11n
5, structural formula is as follows:
Described gibberic acid is the one in Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins family, is conventionally abbreviated as GA
3or GA, be one of Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins most widely used in current agriculture production, gibberic acid of the present invention adopts chemical pure level, and purity is more than 80%, and its molecular formula is C
19h
22o
6, structural formula is as follows:
Described boric acid molecular formula is H
3bO
3, purity is more than 90%.
Described zinc nitrate adopts zinc nitrate hexahydrate, molecular formula Zn (NO
3)
26H
2o, purity is more than 95%.
Described dilute hydrochloric acid concentration 1%～1.2%, in percent by volume, dilutes and forms with chemical pure hydrochloric acid (molecular formula HCl).
Described glycerine chemical name glycerol, purity is more than 95%, molecular formula C
3h
8o
3, structural formula HO-CH
2-CH (OH)-CH
2-OH.
Described alcohol chemical name ethanol, molecular formula C
2h
6o, working concentration is 80%～100%.
The preparation method of the preparation that prevents oranges and tangerines young fruit physiological fruit drop of the present invention, it is characterized in that: at normal temperatures and pressures, first 6-benzyl aminoadenine is joined in dilute hydrochloric acid and stir and dissolve by described proportioning, then add successively boric acid stirring dissolving, zinc nitrate stirring dissolving, alcohol, gibberic acid stirring dissolving, glycerine to mix, pack by specification, mixed container made adopts glass or acidproof plastic ware.
Another object of the present invention is to realize like this, a kind of using method of the preparation that prevents oranges and tangerines young fruit physiological fruit drop, it is characterized in that: product water of the present invention is mixed with to 500～1000 times of diluents, general low yield mandarin tree carries out spraying for the first time to young fruit thanking while spending 70%～80%, and the serious low yield mandarin tree of shedding is carrying out spraying for the second time to young fruit in 15～30 days after spraying for the first time.
Described water refers to limpid river, storehouse, pool water or well water; When spraying, to fruit spraying, on leaf, spray less as far as possible.If rainfall in 24 hours after spraying, needs to respray 1 time.
Owing to having adopted technique scheme, the present invention has advantages of as follows:
1, the present invention is at 6-benzyl aminoadenine (BA) and gibberic acid (GA
3) merge under the prerequisite using, moistening by adding glycerol to be conducive to maintain fruit face, to increase young fruit to BA and GA
3absorption; By adding non-polar molecule alcohol to make GA
3fully dissolve, add dilute hydrochloric acid not only can make that BA fully dissolves, the acidity of not crystallization, and dilute hydrochloric acid can strengthen GA
3stability, extend GA
3lasting period, add boric acid and zinc nitrate simultaneously, supplemented zinc and boron nutrition element that oranges and tangerines easily lack, alleviated fallen flowers and the shedding phenomenon of oranges and tangerines.The described preparation that prevents oranges and tangerines young fruit physiological fruit drop has effectively reduced without the young fruit of seed low yield Citrus Cultivars and has come off and most of Citrus Cultivars comes off in a large number because of the too vigorous young fruit causing of growing way, and effect is better than the GA using separately in current production
3, BA or common BA add GA
3class fruit retention slip-off preventing preparation, fruit retention is respond well, and volume increase reaches 115.8%～304.3%.
2, product of the present invention has no adverse effects to fruit quality, after evidence is used the preparation that prevents oranges and tangerines young fruit physiological fruit drop of the present invention, and the soluble solid content in single fruit weight, fruit juice and the independent gibberic acid (GA that uses
3), 6-benzyl aminoadenine (BA), common GA
3add the contrast of BA or clear water and compare, without significant difference.
3. preparation method of the present invention is prepared under normal temperature and pressure, safety energy-conserving environment protection; Its using method is simple, uses flexibly, is convenient to promote the use of.
Embodiment
Following examples are only as explanation of the present invention, and umber is wherein all in weight part, and per-cent, without specified otherwise, all by weight percentage, also all can change weight g, Kg or other weight unit into.
Mode below by embodiment further illustrates the present invention, within therefore not limiting the present invention to described scope of embodiments.
Embodiment 1: a kind of for preventing the preparation of oranges and tangerines young fruit physiological fruit drop, formed by following component proportion: 9 parts of 6-benzyl aminoadenines, 18 parts of gibberic acid, 9 parts of boric acid, 9 parts of zinc nitrates, 1%(volume percent) 35 parts, dilute hydrochloric acid, 50 parts of glycerine, 220 parts of alcohol, in weight part.
Table 1 is for preventing the parameter of the each component of preparation of oranges and tangerines young fruit physiological fruit drop, wherein gibberic acid (GA used described in embodiment 1～4
3) be upper sea blue Shen biochemical technology company limited product, purity 80%; BA used is Jinan Sai Er plant nutrition conditioning company limited product, purity 98%.Boric acid used is the agricultural boric acid that Nanyang boron magnesium industry technical institute produces, purity 96%.Zinc nitrate hexahydrate used is Pin Yu chemical company of Chongqing City product, purity 98%.1% dilute hydrochloric acid used is formed by chemical pure concentrated hydrochloric acid dilution.Glycerine used is chemical pure glycerine.The chemical pure alcohol dilution that 80% alcohol used is 95% forms.
Table 1
| Component | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 |
| 6-benzyl aminoadenine (BA) | 8 parts | 10 parts | 9 parts | 8.5 part |
| 1.0% dilute hydrochloric acid (volume percent) | 30 parts | 40 parts | 35 parts | 33 parts |
| Boric acid | 8 parts | 10 parts | 9 parts | 8.5 part |
| Zinc nitrate hexahydrate | 8 parts | 10 parts | 9 parts | 8.5 part |
| 80% alcohol (volume percent) | 200 parts | 240 parts | 220 parts | 210 parts |
| Gibberic acid (GA 3） | 16 parts | 20 parts | 18 parts | 17 parts |
| Glycerine | 40 parts | 60 parts | 50 parts | 55 parts |
The preparation method who prevents the preparation of oranges and tangerines young fruit physiological fruit drop described in embodiment 1 is that the mixed system of ordinary method forms, at normal temperatures and pressures, first 6-benzyl aminoadenine is joined in dilute hydrochloric acid to stir by proportioning described in table 1 and dissolves, then add successively boric acid to stir to dissolve, zinc nitrate stirs dissolving, alcohol, gibberic acid stir dissolve, glycerine fully stirs evenly.
Embodiment 1 prevents the using method of the preparation of oranges and tangerines young fruit physiological fruit drop, the described limpid river of preparation that prevents oranges and tangerines young fruit physiological fruit drop is mixed with to 500～1000 times of diluents, general low yield mandarin tree carries out spraying for the first time to young fruit thanking while spending 70%～80%, and the serious low yield mandarin tree of shedding is carrying out spraying for the second time to young fruit in 15～30 days after spraying for the first time.
Described water refers to limpid river; When spraying, to fruit spraying, on leaf, spray less as far as possible.If rainfall in 24 hours after spraying, needs to respray 1 time.
The preparation method of embodiment 2～4 and using method are with embodiment 1.
By the formulation application that prevents oranges and tangerines young fruit physiological fruit drop to preventing in planting experiment that Niu Heer navel orange (without seed) young fruit comes off:
Tested in 2004～2005 years and carry out in Beibei, chongqing Southwestern University oranges and tangerines institute experiment in cultivation garden, soil type is purple earth, soil pH value 5.5～7.0.The Citrus Cultivars of planting is Niu Heer navel orange/trifoliate orange anvil, spring planting stock in 1984,3 meters of spacing in the rows, 5 meters of line-spacings, well-grown.Spring in 2005, is divided into 8 groups by 96 close with growing way tree crown size strain test trees, and every group of 12 strains (4 strain 1 communities, 3 repeat), process or contrast for one group one.At the young fruit period of 2004～2005 years, prevent the young fruit test that comes off by table 2.The cultivation management condition of all test trees is identical.It is gibberic acid (GA that independent Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins is tested Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins used
3), upper sea blue Shen biochemical technology company limited product, the alcohol that purity 80% is 80% by percent by volume dissolves; It is Jinan Sai Er plant nutrition conditioning company limited product that independent BA tests BA used, and the hot alcohol (approximately 70 DEG C) that purity 98% is 80% by percent by volume dissolves; Test common BA+GA used
3for percent by volume is that 80% hot alcohol (approximately 70 DEG C) dissolves BA, add again GA after cooling
3dissolve gained.
It is April 26 that thank in 2004 spent the time of 80% left and right, and the spraying time is April 26 for the first time, and the spraying time is May 15 for the second time.Within 2005, thanking and spending the time of 80% left and right is April 30, and the spraying time is April 30 for the first time, and the spraying time is May 25 for the second time.Fructescence (late November) picking fruit, statistics individual plant fruit quantity is also weighed.Before gathering, in all directions of every strain tree, 4 orientation are random plucks 4 fruits, and every processing 12 strains are totally 48 fruits (4 strain 1 communities, 3 repeat, 16 fruits of every repetition), measures fruit soluble solids content with Abbe refractometer.Table 2 is for preventing the comparison test processing (2004～2005) that comes off of Niu Heer navel orange young fruit, and testing data is analyzed the significance of difference through STAT statistical software.
Table 2
Table 3 is for preventing Niu Heer navel orange young fruit shedding test-results (2004-2005).
Table 3
A, b after data, c, d, e are 0.05 significance level of difference.
From table 3 data analysis, the test of 2 years shows, prevents the preparation of oranges and tangerines young fruit physiological fruit drop, effective to preventing Niu Heer navel orange young fruit physiological fruit drop, than clear water (contrast) volume increase 185.8%～304.3%; Effect is also significantly better than independent gibberic acid (GA
3), separately 6-benzyl aminoadenine (BA) and common BA+GA
3.Product of the present invention significantly reduces young fruit physiological fruit drop, and production-increasing function is remarkable.Product of the present invention has no adverse effects to fruit quality, and the soluble solid content in the leading indicator-fruit juice of reflection citrusfruit quality is close or identical with contrast, without significant difference.
By the formulation application that prevents oranges and tangerines young fruit physiological fruit drop to preventing in planting experiment that emerging Tianjin satsuma orange young fruit comes off:
Tested in 2005～2006 years and carry out in Beibei, chongqing Southwestern University oranges and tangerines institute experiment in cultivation garden, soil type is purple earth, soil pH value 5.5～7.0.The Citrus Cultivars of planting is emerging Tianjin satsuma orange/trifoliate orange anvil, spring planting stock in 1984,3 meters of spacing in the rows, 5 meters of line-spacings, well-grown.Spring in 2005, is divided into 8 groups by 72 close with growing way tree crown size strain test trees, and every group of 9 strains (3 strain communities, 3 repeat), process or contrast for one group one.At the young fruit period of 2005～2006 years, by table, 2-3 prevented the young fruit test that comes off.The cultivation management condition of all test trees is identical.
Gibberic acid is tested gibberic acid (GA used separately
3) be upper sea blue Shen biochemical technology company limited product, the alcohol that purity 80% is 80% by percent by volume dissolves; It is Jinan Sai Er plant nutrition conditioning company limited product that independent BA tests BA used, and the hot alcohol (approximately 70 DEG C) that purity 99% is 80% by percent by volume dissolves; Test common BA+GA used
3for percent by volume is that 80% hot alcohol (approximately 70 DEG C) dissolves BA, add again GA after cooling
3dissolve gained.
It is April 30 that thank in 2005 spent the time of 80% left and right, and the spraying time is April 30 for the first time, and the spraying time is May 19 for the second time.Within 2006, thanking and spending the time of 80% left and right is April 28, and the spraying time is April 28 for the first time, and the spraying time is May 20 for the second time.Fructescence (early November) picking fruit, statistics individual plant fruit quantity is also weighed.Before gathering, adopt 1 fruit (4 fruits of every strain) in the orientation, all directions of every strain tree, every processing 9 strains are totally 36 fruits (3 strain 1 communities, 3 repeat, 12 fruits of every repetition), measure fruit soluble solids content with Abbe refractometer.Table 4 is that the satsuma orange fruit top yellow of emerging Tianjin prevents comparison test (2005～2006), and testing data is analyzed the significance of difference through STAT statistical software.
Table 4
Table 5 is for preventing emerging Tianjin satsuma orange young fruit shedding test-results (2005-2006).
Table 5
A, b after data, c, d, e are 0.05 significance level of difference.
From table 5 data analysis, the test of 2 years shows, prevents the preparation of oranges and tangerines young fruit physiological fruit drop, effective to preventing emerging Tianjin satsuma orange young fruit physiological fruit drop, than clear water (contrast) volume increase 115.8%～156.5%; Effect is also significantly better than independent gibberic acid (GA
3), separately 6-benzyl aminoadenine (BA) and common BA+GA
3.Product of the present invention significantly reduces young fruit physiological fruit drop, and production-increasing function is remarkable.Product of the present invention has no adverse effects to fruit quality, the leading indicator of reflection citrusfruit quality: the soluble solid content in fruit juice is close or identical with contrast, can effectively reduce emerging Tianjin satsuma orange young fruit physiological fruit drop without significant difference product of the present invention, effect is significantly better than independent gibberic acid (GA
3), separately 6-benzyl aminoadenine (BA) or common BA+GA
3process, fruit quality is had no adverse effects.
Claims (8)
1. one kind prevents the preparation of oranges and tangerines young fruit physiological fruit drop, it is characterized in that: formed by following component proportion: 8～10 parts of 6-benzyl aminoadenines, 16～20 parts of gibberic acid, 8～10 parts of boric acid, 8～10 parts of zinc nitrates, 30～40 parts, dilute hydrochloric acid, 40～60 parts of glycerine, 200～240 parts of alcohol, in weight part; Described dilute hydrochloric acid percent by volume 1%～1.2%.
2. the preparation that prevents oranges and tangerines young fruit physiological fruit drop as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: 9 parts of 6-benzyl aminoadenines, and 18 parts of gibberic acid, 9 parts of boric acid, 9 parts of zinc nitrates, 35 parts, dilute hydrochloric acid, 50 parts of glycerine, 220 parts of alcohol, in weight part.
3. the preparation that prevents oranges and tangerines young fruit physiological fruit drop as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: described 6-benzyl aminoadenine purity weight percentage is more than 98%; Described gibberic acid purity weight percentage is more than 80%; Described boric acid purity weight percentage is more than 90%; Described zinc nitrate purity weight percentage is more than 95%; Described glycerine purity weight percentage is more than 95%; Described alcohol purity percent by volume is 80%～100%.
4. adopt the using method of the preparation that prevents oranges and tangerines young fruit physiological fruit drop claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: the described preparation water that prevents oranges and tangerines young fruit physiological fruit drop is mixed with to 500～1000 times of diluents, low yield mandarin tree young fruit is carried out to spraying thanking while spending 70%～80%.
5. the using method of the preparation that prevents oranges and tangerines young fruit physiological fruit drop as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: the serious low yield mandarin tree of shedding after spraying for the first time 15～30 days to young fruit spraying again.
6. the using method of the preparation that prevents oranges and tangerines young fruit physiological fruit drop as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: after spraying, in 24 hours, rainfall needs to respray 1 time.
7. the using method of the preparation that prevents oranges and tangerines young fruit physiological fruit drop as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: after spraying, in 24 hours, rainfall needs to respray 1 time.
8. the using method of the preparation that prevents oranges and tangerines young fruit physiological fruit drop as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: described water refers to limpid river, storehouse, pool water or well water.
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| CN104336168A (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2015-02-11 | 西南大学柑桔研究所 | Orange pedicel drop resisting preparation and application method thereof |
| CN105272635A (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-01-27 | 安徽农业大学 | Conditioning agent for raising fruit setting rate of jujubes and application of conditioning agent |
| CN107162776A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-09-15 | 合肥市风达农业有限责任公司 | A kind of application anti-fall fruit preservative and preparation method thereof |
| CN108605636A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-10-02 | 陈国添 | A kind of citrus earsh control flower liquid and its control flower method |
| CN110367268B (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2022-03-29 | 江西新瑞丰生化股份有限公司 | Regulation composition for flower and fruit retention of citrus and application thereof |
| CN114467982B (en) * | 2022-02-22 | 2023-03-31 | 绵阳市农业科学研究院 | Preparation for preventing young citrus fruits from dropping and preparation method thereof |
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