CN103027003B - Container and transport method for transporting fresh and alive stichopus japonicus - Google Patents
Container and transport method for transporting fresh and alive stichopus japonicus Download PDFInfo
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- CN103027003B CN103027003B CN201210500095.4A CN201210500095A CN103027003B CN 103027003 B CN103027003 B CN 103027003B CN 201210500095 A CN201210500095 A CN 201210500095A CN 103027003 B CN103027003 B CN 103027003B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for transporting fresh and alive stichopus japonicus, wherein the stichopus japonicus and a water body are loaded in a container and transported, and the method has an improvement that the container is used for transportation in a full load and cover sealing manner. The invention further provides the container for transporting the stichopus japonicus, wherein the container is a plastic barrel with an upper barrel opening covered with an inner cover (4); the middle of the inner cover protrudes upwards to form a cylindrical up-down-through water injection hole (3); and the water injection hole is additionally covered with a middle cover (2). According to the invention, the container is used for transportation in a full load state, and no space allowing the water body to shake exists in the container, so that in the transportation process, the stichopus japonicus collides a container wall or collides mutually to a limited extent even when shaking, and thus, the loss caused by a transportation link is reduced greatly. According to the invention, mechanical injuries and stress reactions of the stichopus japonicus due to shaking seawater in the stichopus japonicus transportation process are avoided, the survival rate of the stichopus japonicus in subsequent cultivation at a destination is improved greatly, and meanwhile, the transportation problem of the young stichopus japonicus in the past is solved favorably.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the transportation of stichopus japonicus alive, more particularly, relate to the improvement of carrying container.
Background technology
The transportation of existing fresh and alive stichopus japonicus is that stichopus japonicus is placed in water and is contained in container mostly.The short-distance transportation of current fresh and alive stichopus japonicus generally adopts water tank or the bucket of opening, there is no seal closure, can only fill 50%～60% seawater, passes through air-pump inflating.Because the water in water tank or bucket is discontented, jolting in transit easily causes seawater to rock, and causes stichopus japonicus to form mechanical damage and stress reaction, causes the stichopus japonicus of transportation to occur telling intestines or injured, causing transporting to the stichopus japonicus lethality of proceeding to cultivate behind destination increases greatly, loses existence usefulness.Particularly the stichopus japonicus water transport method of prior art cannot solve the transportation of the stichopus japonicus young, can only transport parent participation and children's ginseng.Because the first ear young of stichopus japonicus or young ginseng are more fragile period, easily cause damage.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide a kind of container and using method that is applicable to stichopus japonicus transportation, reduces stichopus japonicus damage in transit, is especially applicable to stichopus japonicus just the ear young or the transportation in young ginseng period.
In order to achieve the above object, the method for a kind of fresh and alive stichopus japonicus transportation of the present invention is carried stichopus japonicus in container and water body transports, and wherein, described container is capping transportation under full dress state.
Specifically, the container of selecting is Plastic Drum, and top bung is stamped inner cap; The middle part epirelief of described inner cap, forms the tubular water injection hole of opening up and down; Described water injection hole adds and is stamped middle cover.The loading process of this Plastic Drum is:
In S1, container, inject 20%～50% water;
S2, stichopus japonicus is inserted in container;
S3, again in container, be filled to edge under bung;
S4, add a cover inner cap, utilize the water injection hole of inner cap, water filling again, fills container to water, adds Gaizhonggai;
S5, container is loaded after transportation.
Wherein, if thorn is participated in to water in step S1, put into together container, stichopus japonicus is easily caused to mechanical damage, therefore generally first put into part water, then stichopus japonicus or seedling are put into, be difficult for causing stichopus japonicus injured.
Under optimal way, in container used, described inner cap, middle cover are all placed in described bung inner side, and described bung outside adds is stamped enclosing cover; Described outer hd top face is plane.In the step S5 of loading process, add a cover after enclosing cover, organize described container more and load in the mode of stacked loading, realize bulk transport.
In addition,, under optimal way, the density that in container, stichopus japonicus packs into meets following standard:
For auricularia: 100～200 pieces/ml;
For young ginseng: 5～20/ml;
For parent participation: 0.5～1/L.
And haulage time was controlled in 8 hours.
According to the description of above fresh and alive stichopus japonicus transportation resources, the present invention also provides a kind of container for stichopus japonicus transportation, selects Plastic Drum, and top bung is stamped inner cap; The middle part epirelief of described inner cap, forms the tubular water injection hole of opening up and down; Described water injection hole adds and is stamped middle cover.
Under optimal way, described inner cap, middle cover are all placed in described bung inner side, and described bung outside adds is stamped enclosing cover; Described outer hd top face is plane.While loading transportation, the container top of lower floor can add flat plank, to further facilitate ranked and stacked pile, loads.
In addition, optimum way of the present invention is: described staving height is 40～60cm, and bucket footpath is 30～60cm, and bung external diameter is 20～40cm, and the bore of described inner cap water injection hole is 5～10cm.Bucket is outside equipped with handle, and handle set-up mode is preferably: in staving outside, upper position bilateral symmetry is arranged to a pair of handle, to facilitate carrying.
The present invention, by transporting under container full load condition, does not reserve the space that water body rocks in container, therefore, in transportation, even if the ginseng of living shakes, it clashes into chamber wall or mutual degree of clashing into is limited, therefore greatly reduces the loss that transit link causes.In addition, the present invention, by designing multilayer cover, adding water injection hole, greatly facilitates the operation while filling container, compared with common vessel big open end state, fill simple to operately, raise the efficiency, and the excessive water yield is also limited, facilitate site clearing, and the loss of stichopus japonicus while reducing barrelling.In addition, the lid of bucket top, with planar fashion setting, by setting up plank or direct ranked and stacked pile container, can be realized bulk transport, has further improved efficiency.
In addition, by research, find that the anti-anoxia ability of stichopus japonicus is very strong, even if do not inflate stichopus japonicus in limited water body, still can not survive 6～8 hours.Therefore the anoxic of short time can not cause the mortality of stichopus japonicus, and mechanical damage and the stress reaction of stichopus japonicus in transportation is only initiation stichopus japonicus main causes of death.The present invention has avoided the seawater in delivery stichopus japonicus process to rock stichopus japonicus mechanical damage and the stress reaction causing, has greatly improved the survival rate of stichopus japonicus in the follow-up cultivation in destination, has well solved a difficult problem for stichopus japonicus young transportation in the past simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is for the structural representation of stichopus japonicus cask.
Fig. 2 is the decomposition texture schematic diagram at the place of upper opening of container of the present invention shown in Fig. 1.
Embodiment
One, the container of stichopus japonicus transportation
As illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, this container adopts barrel-shaped design, utilizes the high-quality plastics of thickness 1～2mm to make.Staving height 40～60cm, pipe footpath is 30～60cm, bore is 20～40cm, there is inner cap 4 bung inside, has covered bore 5～10cm water injection hole 3, and water injection hole 3 adds and is stamped middle cover 2, middle cover 2 is with water injection hole by screwed connection, and there is enclosing cover 1 bung outside, and bung and enclosing cover 1 are also by screwed connection.Staving both sides are furnished with handle 5, conveniently assemble and disassemble transportation.The height 5cm left and right of water injection hole 3, had both facilitated water filling, can guarantee that again the in-built water of bucket is enough full.
As shown in Figure 2, during use, inner cap 4 is placed in bung, with overlapping mode, covers bung, then by water injection hole 3, fills with water, covers middle cover 2, last, adds a cover enclosing cover 1.
Embodiment in figure, after enclosing cover 1 is added a cover, just in time pushes down middle cover 2 and inner cap 4.Certainly inner cap can be also by bung internal thread or interface arrangment, to add a cover the inner side of container bung, and middle cover and enclosing cover be for convenient, and preferably screw thread mouth connects.
Two, the method for stichopus japonicus shipment
Before transportation, add 20%～50% water in container, then stichopus japonicus auricularia, young ginseng or the parent participation of needs transportation are carefully put into bucket, the density of general transportation is: 100～200 pieces/ml of auricularia; 5～20/ml of young ginseng; 0.5～1/L of parent participation.Stichopus japonicus auricularia, young ginseng or parent participation continue to be filled to edge under bung in bucket after loading according to rational density, cover liner lid and outer seal, by water injection hole, continue to be filled to bucketful in bucket, finally cover tightly water injection hole capping.
Stichopus japonicus auricularia, young ginseng or parent participation can be passed through car, Ship Transportation after installing bucket, and haulage time was advisable at 0～8 hour, and the vibrations in transportation, on not impact of the stichopus japonicus young, young ginseng or parent participation, can not cause mechanical damage.In order to save transport space, carrying ladle also can be distributed into 2～3 layers, and interlayer can separate with dividing plate.
Utilize means of transportation of the present invention, realize outdoor stichopus japonicus seedling large-scale ecological breeding method, comprise the steps:
S1, between seedling culturing vehicle, parent participation larvae rearing, the first ear young of the long 200-300 μ of average body to be grown to m, body weight 5 * 10
-5～1 * 10
-4the g stage is carried out seed selection collection;
S2, in wind sheltering bay, coastal waters or holothurian pond, net cage is set, in net cage, selects 200～300 mesh sieve tulle clothing.200 order～300 orders, aperture 0.074～0.050mm, can guarantee that the first ear young in etting does not escape.
S3, the first ear young gathering is transported to the net cage place that S2 arranges evenly throws in S1, throw in 0.2～0.3 piece/ml of density.This stage is not thrown in adherance, and the first ear young is in floating state.Concrete transportation is the present invention means of transportation of recording and the cask of selecting above.
S4, every day, the interval ocean rhodotorula of throwing something and feeding in net cage for 2 times, threw in 1000～2000/ml of density; Preferably the density of ocean rhodotorula is comparatively suitable up and down at 1600/ml.
S5, long 800～900 μ m of average body to be grown to, average weight 1.5 * 10
-4～4.1 * 10
-4the large ear juvenile stage of g hangs adherance in net cage, and stops artificial supplementary feeding ocean rhodotorula;
S6, cultivate to the long young ginseng stage that on average reaches 3～5mm of body, bolting silk etting is replaced with to 60～80 order polyethylene ettings, continue cultivation.In this process, water temperature raises gradually, suitably sinks to adhering to base net sheet, strengthens seawater internal circulating load simultaneously, increases the dissolved oxygen amount in seawater, prevents that water temperature from raising fast.And follow-up breeding process can be selected the usability methods operation of prior art.
Under optimal way, in step S1, the water temperature of hatching fertilized egg is controlled at 20 ℃; When rising to 18 ℃, cultivation marine site water temperature carries out the input of step S3.The optimal process of step S1 is:
4 beginnings in the afternoon, ovulate with stimulation by running water parent participation by drying in the shade, and density during parent participation ovulation is controlled at 20～25/m
3;
Before stimulating, water temperature is 18 ℃, not bait throwing in 3 days, and during stimulation, by water emptying, flowing water 10 minutes, rinses ight soil, dries in the shade 1 hour, adds 20 ℃ of seawater, stops the supple of gas or steam, lucifuge, before 6 of evenings, completes.Parent participation generally starts to lay eggs in late 8 left and right;
Male is ejaculation first, after ejaculation, male is taken out and puts into other pond.Male ejaculation after half an hour female individuals start ovulation; Ovulation can continue until 2:00 AM always, should note in the meantime observing female ovulation amount, if find, male is pulled out immediately;
After ovulation finishes, should in time parent participation be moved into other pond;
After fertilized egg is sunk, take out upper strata seawater, wash ovum; Wash ovum method: with 300 order net cage siphons, add 20～21 ℃ of seawater, wash ovum, if egg laying amount is very large, by the ovum in net cage, divide pond hatching;
Divide after the hatching of pond, hatching water temperature is controlled at 20 ℃, opens inflator pump inflation, with uniform stirring Chi Shui, and promotion fertilized egg floating.Within every 2 hours, with raker stirrer, stir pond 1 time, at the bottom of pond will being stirred especially simultaneously;
Then carry out seed selection: the second day of laying eggs starts just should to note observing fertilized egg floating situation morning, now development of fertilized ova is to gastrula stage, just ear young quantity is larger after 24～32 hours, to find floating, and when floating individuality enters first ear juvenile stage, in hatchery, by 10cm bore rubber tube, the microtia young is siphoned in 300 mesh sieve tulle casees, collects the just ear young.
Above-mentioned S1 step has that collecting efficiency is outstanding, survival rate high.
Above-mentioned stichopus japonicus seedling large-scale ecological breeding method, starts to carry out sea or pond net box cultivation from stichopus japonicus larval culture.Specifically, select stichopus japonicus to move into outdoor cage culture in first ear juvenile stage, the first ear young now, the body about 200-300 μ m that grows up, body weight 5 * 10
-5～1 * 10
-4g.This breeding process has following features:
1, net cage can be arranged in wind sheltering bay, coastal waters or holothurian pond, selects the net cage (increase fixation) of enhancement mode to increase capacity of anti-storm, can carry out stichopus japonicus in wind sheltering bay, coastal waters and grow seedlings.Also can in holothurian pond, carry out stichopus japonicus grows seedlings simultaneously.
2, stichopus japonicus is grown seedlings and starts to carry out in net cage from first ear juvenile stage.And prior art mostly starts spawning and hatching in net cage from parent participation, due to the lability of water temperature, and parent participation gonad development is asynchronous; the uniformity that causes parent participation to be laid eggs is very poor; egg laying amount is on the low side, causes the growth speed of the young to differ, and the young breeds and is difficult to form in a short time scale.If start to drop in net cage from the young ginseng stage, breed, at least will cultivate more than 1 month early stage in workshop, and seedling cost increases a lot relatively.From stichopus japonicus incubating oosperm, within 24～32 hours, form the just ear young, start to drop in net cage and cultivate, can save seedling cost on the one hand, the survival rate of stichopus japonicus seedling and workshop are cultivated substantially suitable on the other hand.Can in net cage, form at short notice the production of stichopus japonicus seedling scale.
3, utilizing net cage to carry out stichopus japonicus grows seedlings, do not use any medicine and additive, guaranteeing to greatest extent that stichopus japonicus is grown seedlings carries out at the open large water surface, utilize the natural bait in seawater, supplement a small amount of ocean rhodotorula, having realized the environmental health breeding mode that stichopus japonicus is grown seedlings, guaranteed the quality of stichopus japonicus seedling and good growth traits, is the organic stichopus japonicus seedling mode of production of a kind of green.
Therefore, the beneficial effect of above-mentioned cultural method is:
1, reduce costs: compare with stichopus japonicus seedling indoor culture, average stichopus japonicus seedling per jin can reduce costs 65%, has greatly lowered the cultivation cost of stichopus japonicus seedling, has increased the profit of growing seedlings.
2, improve survival rate: compare with indoor stichopus japonicus seedling, broadcast survival rate and improved 25% at the outdoor end of the ecological seedling of sea cucumber in cage, and average survival has reached 80%, has greatly improved the output of commodity stichopus japonicus.
3, the good no drug residue of quality: compare with indoor stichopus japonicus seedling, the overall process that the ecological seedling of sea cucumber in cage is cultivated is not used any medicine, self resistance of seed improves greatly, superior in quality, and no drug residue, is the green juvenile stichopus of high-quality completely.
4, rely on means of transportation of the present invention, further improve survival rate.
The above; it is only preferably embodiment of the present invention; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this; anyly be familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; according to technical scheme of the present invention and inventive concept thereof, be equal to replacement or changed, within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. the method that fresh and alive stichopus japonicus is transported is carried stichopus japonicus in container and water body transports, and it is characterized in that, described container is capping transportation under full dress state;
The container of selecting is Plastic Drum, and top bung is stamped inner cap (4); The middle part epirelief of described inner cap, forms the tubular water injection hole (3) of opening up and down; Described water injection hole adds and is stamped middle cover (2);
Loading process is:
In S1, container, inject 20%～50% water;
S2, stichopus japonicus is inserted in container;
S3, again in container, be filled to edge under bung;
S4, add a cover inner cap, utilize the water injection hole of inner cap, water filling again, fills container to water, adds Gaizhonggai;
S5, container is loaded after transportation;
In addition, in container used, described inner cap (4), middle cover (2) are all placed in described bung inner side, and described bung outside adds is stamped enclosing cover (1); Described outer hd top face is plane; In loading process step S5, add a cover after enclosing cover, organize described container more and load in the mode of stacked loading, realize bulk transport;
The density that in container, stichopus japonicus packs into is:
For auricularia: 100～200 pieces/ml;
For young ginseng: 5～20/ml;
For parent participation: 0.5～1/L;
Haulage time is in 8 hours.
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| CN201210500095.4A CN103027003B (en) | 2012-11-29 | 2012-11-29 | Container and transport method for transporting fresh and alive stichopus japonicus |
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| CN201210500095.4A CN103027003B (en) | 2012-11-29 | 2012-11-29 | Container and transport method for transporting fresh and alive stichopus japonicus |
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| CN103027003A CN103027003A (en) | 2013-04-10 |
| CN103027003B true CN103027003B (en) | 2014-12-03 |
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| CN111771780A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-10-16 | 唐山市活鲜农业科技有限公司 | Temporary culture, packaging and transportation method for fresh and alive sea cucumbers |
| CN113303274B (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2022-05-06 | 鲁东大学 | A equipment for packing for transportation of stichopus japonicus reference |
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