CN103022877B - Novel method for realizing spectral combination amplification based on frequency division multiplexing technology - Google Patents
Novel method for realizing spectral combination amplification based on frequency division multiplexing technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel method for realizing spectral combination amplification based on the frequency division multiplexing technology, which comprises the following steps of: (a), pre-amplifying and broadening laser pulse generated by an ultra-short pulse oscillator; (b), segmenting the frequency spectrum of a super-continuous broad-band spectrum into multiplex optical pulses with different central wavelengths; (c), amplifying each optical pulse, outputting a part of amplified seed light to a self-reference zero-frequency detection device by using a splitting slice, and taking a beat frequency signal output by the self-reference zero-frequency detection device as the driving frequency of an acousto-optic frequency shifter after filtering and amplifying; (d), coherently synthesizing amplification pulses output by various multi-stage optical fibre amplifiers through a wavelength division multiplexing beam combiner; and (e), carrying out dispersion compensation and pulse width compression of coherently synthesized pulses by using a compressor so as to obtain ultra-short pulse output with high peak power. According to the invention, the frequency division multiplexing technology and the coherent synthesizing technology are organically combined; therefore, the pulse synchronization problem and the spectrum coherent problem in the ultra-short pulse optical fibre laser coherent synthesizing process are solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention proposes a kind of method realizing spectral combination amplification based on frequency multiplexing technique.
Background technology
High power optical fibre laser pulse has important application in fields such as basic scientific research, industrial processes, laser radar, inertial confinement fusion, accurate measurement, laser remote sensings.But owing to being subject to the restriction of thermo-optic effect, nonlinear effect, gain media damage threshold, separate unit ultrashort pulse fiber laser average power is generally limited in hectowatt grade, and its peak power is generally gigawatt magnitude.
For the defect that single channel amplifying power is limited, adopt multimode blocking structure, the phase place controlling each road optical-fiber laser reaches phase-locked output, realizes the optics coherence tomography of pulse, and Output of laser average power can be made to obtain decades of times, and the lifting of peak power density hundreds of times.Realize effective pulse laser optics coherence tomography, impulsive synchronization and PGC demodulation must be met simultaneously.Realize pulse coherence synthetic method at present and mainly contain three kinds, one is polarized combination method, it is several Shu Guang utilizing polarization beam apparatus linear polarization seed light source to be divided into different polarization direction, polarization coupling is carried out again after each polarised light component is amplified respectively, the method shortcoming is the optical path difference needing fine adjustment unit light beam, and the phase place of polarized light component is difficult to locked simultaneously.Two is passive optics coherence tomography methods, and it realizes the auto-compensation of each road laser phase fluctuating by certain energy coupling mechanism or nonlinear interaction thus reaches PGC demodulation, and the method locking precision is low, and device stability is poor.Three is active optics coherence tomography methods, and it can realize very high locking precision, but required electronic feedback arrangements complex structure, usually there is larger random time delay.
In addition, high power pulse is in amplification process, and owing to being subject to the impact of the effects such as non-linear, GVD (Group Velocity Dispersion), make the short pulse of high-peak power after fiber amplifier transmission is amplified, time waveform and spectrum produce Severe distortion, can not meet actual demand.Avoid the time and frequency zone noise in amplification process, precise hard_drawn tuhes high-power fiber transmission amplification process, needs to overcome following defect:
1, Gain-narrowing effect.According to Fourier's variation relation, gain spectra narrowed width, increases directly causing achieved pulse duration.
2, intensity-phase noise.This noise can make each spectrum component phase place random fluctuation, and concussion structure appears in spectrum both sides.
3, high-order dispersion and nonlinear phase shift accumulation non-linear chirp.Non-linear chirp can not be compensated by chirp management device, and pulse temporal will be made to divide, and limiting peak power promotes.
4, medium gain bandwidth restriction.For optical-fiber laser medium, same gain media can only realize limited spectrum signal and amplify, and the ultrashort even Few-cycle pulse of restriction high power realizes.Based on above-mentioned factor, the high power that single amplifying device is difficult to realize further paired pulses light amplifies.
In sum, although have the multiple technology and method realizing high power pulse and amplify at present, all there are various shortcomings and deficiencies.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiency in above-mentioned traditional laser pulse amplifying technique, propose a kind of method realizing spectral combination amplification based on frequency multiplexing technique, frequency multiplexing technique and optics coherence tomography technology organically combine by the method, solve the difficult problem that in ultrashort pulse optical-fiber laser optics coherence tomography process, impulsive synchronization and frequency spectrum are concerned with.
For achieving the above object, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
Realize a method for spectral combination amplification based on frequency multiplexing technique, comprise the steps:
The power of the laser pulse a) ultra-short pulse oscillator 1 produced is increased to a watt magnitude through Pre-power amplifier 2, is then ultra-continuous wideband spectrum by spectrum widening device 3 by the laser pulse stretching of watt magnitude;
B) carry out spectrum imaging with wavelength division multiplexing beam splitter 4 pairs of ultra-continuous wideband spectrum, be divided into the light pulse that multichannel has different centre wavelength, after each road beam splitting, light pulse is as seed light;
C) by every road seed light successively after acousto-optic frequency shifters 51 shift frequency, delay controller T time delay, amplified by multi-stage fiber amplifier 52, with beam splitting chip 53, the seed light part after amplification is defeated by self-reference zero-frequency sniffer 54, as the driving frequency of acousto-optic frequency shifters 51 after the beat signal that self-reference zero-frequency sniffer 54 exports amplifies after filtering, adopt feed-forward to compensate each road phase noise, realize low noise amplification and the PGC demodulation of multiplex pulse light; Measured the relative time shake of each road amp pulse by balanced type optics cross-correlation time jitter measurement mechanism 8, and FEEDBACK CONTROL delay controller T realizes the exact time synchronization to multiplex pulse simultaneously;
D) multi-stage fiber amplifier 52 amp pulse of exporting in each road is under the condition of the locking of relative carrier envelope phase precision and time precise synchronization, is carried out the optics coherence tomography of multiplex pulse by wavelength division multiplexing bundling device 6;
E) carry out dispersion compensation and Pulse Compression with the pulse after compressor reducer 9 pairs of optics coherence tomography, thus the ultrashort pulse obtaining high-peak power exports.
Described ultra-short pulse oscillator 1 adopts Yb dosed optical fiber light to comb, its centre wavelength is 1030nm, and pulse repetition frequency is 80MHz, locking precision <1mHz, pulse carrier envelope phase locking precision <10mHz, it is 50mW that pulse exports average power.
Described power adopts the forward pumping formula amplifier of ytterbium-doped double-cladded-layer photonic crystal fiber through Pre-power amplifier 2, and it exports average pulse power and is greater than 1W.
Described spectrum widening device 3 is one section of photonic crystal fiber, the ultrashort light pulse that ultra-short pulse oscillator 1 exports is coupled into this section of photonic crystal fiber, utilize the high nonlinear coefficient of photonic crystal fiber, in the nonlinear optical process such as Self-phase modulation and four wave mixing, make pulse spectrum produce new frequency content, and make pulse spectrum obtain effective broadening.
Between the centre wavelength 900nm ~ 1100nm of described wavelength division multiplexing beam splitter, bandwidth is 5nm.
Described multi-stage fiber amplifier 52 is formed by connecting by two or more ytterbium-doped double-clad fiber amplifier head and the tail, wherein places an optical isolator between adjacent two ytterbium-doped double-clad fiber amplifiers.
Described self-reference zero-frequency detector 54 comprises photonic crystal fiber 541, first, second lens 542,543, is arranged on the phase matched periodically poled lithium niobate nonlinear crystal 544 between two lens and photodetector 545; Described multi-stage fiber amplifier 52 exports optical coupling and enters photonic crystal fiber 541, first, second lens 542,543 allow light beam focus on and collimation, on phase matched periodically poled lithium niobate nonlinear crystal 544, two kinds of different spectral composition difference frequencies produce new frequency content, and the low-frequency component in this new spectrum component and stretched-out spectrum produces beat signal on photodetector 545.
Described balanced type optics cross-correlation time jitter measurement mechanism 8 comprises polarization beam apparatus 81, first dichroic mirror 82, 3rd lens 83, first detector 84, frequency-doubling crystal 85, 4th lens 86, second dichroic mirror 87, second detector 88 and differential amplifier 89, at the amplification light that two input input reference lighies and the multi-stage fiber amplifier 52 of polarization beam apparatus 81 export, the amplification light that reference light and multi-stage fiber amplifier 52 export is orthogonal in polarization direction, two-beam is combined into a road by polarization beam apparatus 81, polarization beam apparatus 81 exports light and sequentially passes through the first dichroic mirror 82, 3rd lens 83, frequency-doubling crystal 85, 4th lens 86, focus on after second dichroic mirror 87 in frequency-doubling crystal 85, and produce frequency-doubled signal at frequency-doubling crystal 85 two ends, by these two frequency-doubled signals respectively through first, second detector 84, after 88, the cross-correlation asking difference can obtain FEEDBACK CONTROL piezoelectric ceramic by differential amplifier 89 outputs signal.
Described balanced type optics cross-correlation time jitter measurement mechanism 8 also includes speculum 80, and the position of accommodation reflex mirror can change the initial position of two input light.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: 1, by multiplex pulse wavelength division multiplexing formula amplifying technique and pulse spectrum optics coherence tomography technology, efficiently solve single amplifier gain to narrow effect, can realize carrying out high power amplification to wideband pulse light.2, phase noise reduction technology effective decreases the intensity-phase noise in amplification process.3, combine pulse cross-correlation time jitter measuring technique, drastically increase burst length synchronization accuracy, thus make pulse spectrum optics coherence tomography become possibility.4, can be used for realizing more high-power ultrashort pulse to export.In addition, the method also has the advantages such as compact conformation, good stability, expansibility be strong.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of frequency division multiplexing optics coherence tomography amplifier;
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of the multistage amplification of phase noise compensation formula and delay controller;
Fig. 3 is the structure chart of multi-stage fiber amplifier;
Fig. 4 is the structure chart of self-reference zero-frequency detector;
Fig. 5 is the structure chart of balanced type optics cross-correlation time jitter measurement mechanism;
Fig. 6 is the structure chart that multi-stage fiber amplifier carries out delays time to control;
Fig. 7 is the structure chart of compressor reducer.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail by embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
As Fig. 1-7, a kind of method realizing spectral combination amplification based on frequency multiplexing technique, is realized by frequency division multiplexing optics coherence tomography amplifier.
As Fig. 1, described frequency division multiplexing optics coherence tomography amplifier comprises multistage amplifying device 5, wavelength division multiplexing bundling device 6, the compressor reducer 9 of ultra-short pulse oscillator 1, Pre-power amplifier 2, spectrum widening device 3, wavelength division multiplexing beam splitter 4, phase noise precompensation and time synchronized, the laser pulse that ultra-short pulse oscillator 1 produces sequentially passes through multistage amplifying device 5, wavelength division multiplexing bundling device 6, the compressor reducer 9 of Pre-power amplifier 2, spectrum widening device 3, wavelength division multiplexing beam splitter 4, phase noise precompensation and time synchronized, and compressor reducer 9 exports the ultrashort pulse of high-peak power.
This method comprises the steps:
The power of the laser pulse a) ultra-short pulse oscillator 1 produced is increased to a watt magnitude through Pre-power amplifier 2, is then ultra-continuous wideband spectrum by spectrum widening device 3 by the laser pulse stretching of watt magnitude.
Described ultra-short pulse oscillator 1 adopts Yb dosed optical fiber light to comb, its centre wavelength is 1030nm, and pulse repetition frequency is 80MHz, locking precision <1mHz, pulse carrier envelope phase locking precision <10mHz, it is 50mW that pulse exports average power.
Described power adopts the forward pumping formula amplifier of ytterbium-doped double-cladded-layer photonic crystal fiber through Pre-power amplifier 2, and it exports average pulse power and is greater than 1W.
Described spectrum widening device 3 is one section of photonic crystal fiber, the ultrashort light pulse that ultra-short pulse oscillator 1 exports is coupled into this section of photonic crystal fiber, utilize the high nonlinear coefficient of photonic crystal fiber, in the nonlinear optical process such as Self-phase modulation and four wave mixing, make pulse spectrum produce new frequency content, and the wide range pulsed light making pulse spectrum obtain effective broadening to be greater than 100nm.The preferred 10cm of described photonic crystal fiber length.
B) carry out spectrum imaging with wavelength division multiplexing beam splitter 4 pairs of ultra-continuous wideband spectrum, be divided into the light pulse that multichannel has different centre wavelength, after each road beam splitting, light pulse is as seed light; Between the centre wavelength 900nm ~ 1100nm of described wavelength division multiplexing beam splitter 4, bandwidth is 5nm.
C) every road seed light is carried out the Pulse Power Magnification of carrier envelope stable phase and time precise synchronization by the multistage amplifying device 5 of phase noise precompensation and time synchronized.
As Fig. 2, the multistage amplifying device 5 of described phase noise precompensation and time synchronized comprises multiple phase noise compensation amplifying device 50, multiple delay controller T, beam splitter 7, balanced type optics cross-correlation time jitter measurement mechanism 8.
As Fig. 3, described phase noise compensation amplifying device 50 comprises acousto-optic frequency shifters 51, multi-stage fiber amplifier 52, beam splitting chip 53, self-reference zero-frequency sniffer 54, filter amplifier 55.Wavelength division multiplexing beam splitter 4 export seed light sequentially through acousto-optic frequency shifters 51, multi-stage fiber amplifier 52, beam splitting chip 53, self-reference zero-frequency sniffer 54, filter amplifier 55.Described multi-stage fiber amplifier 52 is formed by connecting by two or more ytterbium-doped double-clad fiber amplifier head and the tail, wherein places an optical isolator between adjacent two ytterbium-doped double-clad fiber amplifiers.
Every road seed light is successively after acousto-optic frequency shifters 51 shift frequency, delay controller T time delay, amplified by multi-stage fiber amplifier 52, with beam splitting chip 53, the seed light part after amplification is defeated by self-reference zero-frequency sniffer 54, as the driving frequency of acousto-optic frequency shifters 51 after the beat signal that self-reference zero-frequency sniffer 54 exports amplifies after filtering, adopt feed-forward to compensate each road phase noise, realize low noise amplification and the PGC demodulation of multiplex pulse light; Measured the relative time shake of each road amp pulse by balanced type optics cross-correlation time jitter measurement mechanism 8, and FEEDBACK CONTROL delay controller T realizes the exact time synchronization to multiplex pulse simultaneously.
Described beat signal, i.e. the carrier envelope phase zero frequency signal f0+ Δ of pulse, wherein f0 is the zero frequency signal of pulse, and Δ is the additional phase noise of amplifier, after circuit filtering amplifies, for driving acousto-optic frequency shifters 51, i.e. fx=f0+ Δ.
As Fig. 4, described self-reference zero-frequency detector 54 comprises photonic crystal fiber 541, and first, second lens 542,543 are arranged on the phase matched periodically poled lithium niobate nonlinear crystal 544 between two lens and photodetector 545; Described multi-stage fiber amplifier 52 exports optical coupling and enters photonic crystal fiber 541, and first, second lens 542,543 allow light beam focus on and collimation, on phase matched periodically poled lithium niobate nonlinear crystal 544, and two kinds of different spectral composition ω
1=mf+f
0, ω
2=nf+f
0, n, m are positive integer, and f is pulse repetition frequency, and f0 is that pulse carrier phase zero frequency difference produces new frequency content ω frequently
3=ω
1-ω
2=(m-n) f.Low-frequency component (m-n) f+f in this new spectrum component and stretched-out spectrum
0photodetector 20 produces beat signal (m-n) f+f
0-m-n) f=f
0, i.e. the zero frequency signal f of pulse
0.
As Fig. 5, described balanced type optics cross-correlation time jitter measurement mechanism 8 comprises polarization beam apparatus 81, first dichroic mirror 82, 3rd lens 83, first detector 84, frequency-doubling crystal 85, 4th lens 86, second dichroic mirror 87, second detector 88 and differential amplifier 89, at the amplification light that two input input reference lighies and the multi-stage fiber amplifier 52 of polarization beam apparatus 81 export, the amplification light that reference light and multi-stage fiber amplifier 52 export is orthogonal in polarization direction, two-beam is combined into a road by polarization beam apparatus 81, polarization beam apparatus 81 exports light and sequentially passes through the first dichroic mirror 82, 3rd lens 83, frequency-doubling crystal 85, 4th lens 86, focus on after second dichroic mirror 87 in frequency-doubling crystal 85, and produce frequency-doubled signal at frequency-doubling crystal 85 two ends, by these two frequency-doubled signals respectively through first, second detector 84, after 88, the cross-correlation asking difference can obtain FEEDBACK CONTROL piezoelectric ceramic by differential amplifier 89 outputs signal.
Described balanced type optics cross-correlation time jitter measurement mechanism 8 also includes speculum 80, the position of accommodation reflex mirror can change the initial position of two input light, thus can ensure within certain relative time delay, the frequency-doubled signal that balance cross-correlator exports is approximate is proportional to time jitter size.Wherein the output light of amplifier is as amplification light, and utilizes coupler from oscillator stage, to export 10% light signal as reference light.
As Fig. 6, described delay controller T is one section of optical fiber being wrapped on piezoelectric ceramic, be wrapped in the Fiber connection on piezoelectric ceramic by one section between the acousto-optic frequency shifters 51 and wavelength division multiplexing beam splitter 4 of each phase noise compensation amplifying device 50, the branch road seed light that wavelength division multiplexer exports is introduced into one section of optical fiber be wrapped on piezoelectric ceramic, and then enter acousto-optic frequency shifters 51 and multi-stage fiber amplifier 52, finally enter bundling device.Simultaneously, cross-correlation output signal Direct driver piezoelectric ceramic after amplifying that balanced type optics cross-correlation time jitter measurement mechanism 8 is exported, by the stroke of FEEDBACK CONTROL piezoelectric ceramic to realize the real-time control to pulse time delay in optical fiber, and then realize multiple beam exact time synchronization.
D) multi-stage fiber amplifier 52 amp pulse of exporting in each road is under the condition of the locking of relative carrier envelope phase precision and time precise synchronization, is carried out the optics coherence tomography of multiplex pulse by wavelength division multiplexing bundling device 6;
Pulsed light after wavelength division multiplexing bundling device 6 adopts high power light coupler to amplify multichannel carries out conjunction bundle.
E) carry out dispersion compensation and Pulse Compression with the pulse after compressor reducer 9 pairs of optics coherence tomography, thus the ultrashort pulse obtaining high-peak power exports.
Compressor reducer 9 comprises two transmission-type gratings 91 and two speculums 92, as shown in Figure 7, can be realized effective compression of involutory bundle afterpulse by the distance adjusted between two gratings 91.
Claims (9)
1. realize a method for spectral combination amplification based on frequency multiplexing technique, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
The power of the laser pulse a) ultra-short pulse oscillator (1) produced is increased to a watt magnitude through Pre-power amplifier (2), is then ultra-continuous wideband spectrum by spectrum widening device (3) by the laser pulse stretching of watt magnitude;
B) carry out spectrum imaging with wavelength division multiplexing beam splitter (4) to ultra-continuous wideband spectrum, be divided into the light pulse that multichannel has different centre wavelength, after each road beam splitting, light pulse is as seed light;
C) by every road seed light successively after acousto-optic frequency shifters (51) shift frequency, delay controller (T) time delay, amplified by multi-stage fiber amplifier (52), with beam splitting chip (53), the seed light part after amplification is defeated by self-reference zero-frequency detector (54), as the driving frequency of acousto-optic frequency shifters (51) after the beat signal that self-reference zero-frequency detector (54) exports amplifies after filtering, adopt feed-forward to compensate each road phase noise, realize low noise amplification and the PGC demodulation of multiplex pulse light; Measured the relative time shake of each road amp pulse by balanced type optics cross-correlation time jitter measurement mechanism (8), and FEEDBACK CONTROL delay controller (T) realizes the exact time synchronization to multiplex pulse simultaneously;
D) amp pulse that exports of each road multi-stage fiber amplifier (52) is under the condition of the locking of relative carrier envelope phase precision and time precise synchronization, is carried out the optics coherence tomography of multiplex pulse by wavelength division multiplexing bundling device (6);
E) with compressor reducer (9), dispersion compensation and Pulse Compression are carried out to the pulse after optics coherence tomography, thus the ultrashort pulse obtaining high-peak power exports.
2. a kind of method realizing spectral combination amplification based on frequency multiplexing technique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described ultra-short pulse oscillator (1) adopts Yb dosed optical fiber light comb, its centre wavelength is 1030nm, pulse repetition frequency is 80MHz, locking precision <1mHz, pulse carrier envelope phase locking precision <10mHz, it is 50mW that pulse exports average power.
3. a kind of method realizing spectral combination amplification based on frequency multiplexing technique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described power adopts the forward pumping formula amplifier of ytterbium-doped double-cladded-layer photonic crystal fiber through Pre-power amplifier (2), it exports average pulse power and is greater than 1W.
4. a kind of method realizing spectral combination amplification based on frequency multiplexing technique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described spectrum widening device (3) is one section of photonic crystal fiber, the ultrashort light pulse that ultra-short pulse oscillator (1) exports is coupled into this section of photonic crystal fiber, utilize the high nonlinear coefficient of photonic crystal fiber, in the nonlinear optical process such as Self-phase modulation and four wave mixing, make pulse spectrum produce new frequency content, and make pulse spectrum obtain effective broadening.
5. according to claim 1ly a kind ofly realize based on frequency multiplexing technique the method that spectral combination amplifies, between the centre wavelength 900nm ~ 1100nm that it is characterized in that wavelength division multiplexing beam splitter (4), bandwidth is 5nm.
6. a kind of method realizing spectral combination amplification based on frequency multiplexing technique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described multi-stage fiber amplifier (52) is formed by connecting by two or more ytterbium-doped double-clad fiber amplifier head and the tail, wherein place an optical isolator between adjacent two ytterbium-doped double-clad fiber amplifiers.
7. a kind of method realizing spectral combination amplification based on frequency multiplexing technique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described self-reference zero-frequency detector (54) comprises photonic crystal fiber (541), first, second lens (542,543), are arranged on the phase matched periodically poled lithium niobate nonlinear crystal (544) between two lens and photodetector (545); Described multi-stage fiber amplifier (52) exports optical coupling and enters photonic crystal fiber (541), first, second lens (542,543) allow light beam focus on and collimation, on phase matched periodically poled lithium niobate nonlinear crystal (544), two kinds of different spectral composition difference frequencies produce new frequency content, and the low-frequency component in this new spectrum component and stretched-out spectrum produces beat signal on photodetector (545).
8. a kind of method realizing spectral combination amplification based on frequency multiplexing technique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described balanced type optics cross-correlation time jitter measurement mechanism (8) comprises polarization beam apparatus (81), first dichroic mirror (82), 3rd lens (83), first detector (84), frequency-doubling crystal (85), 4th lens (86), second dichroic mirror (87), second detector (88) and differential amplifier (89), at the amplification light that two input input reference lighies and the multi-stage fiber amplifier (52) of polarization beam apparatus (81) export, the amplification light that reference light and multi-stage fiber amplifier (52) export is orthogonal in polarization direction, two-beam is combined into a road by polarization beam apparatus (81), polarization beam apparatus (81) exports light and sequentially passes through the first dichroic mirror (82), 3rd lens (83), frequency-doubling crystal (85), 4th lens (86), focus in frequency-doubling crystal (85) after second dichroic mirror (87), and produce frequency-doubled signal at frequency-doubling crystal (85) two ends, by these two frequency-doubled signals respectively through first, second detector (84, 88) after, the cross-correlation asking difference can obtain FEEDBACK CONTROL piezoelectric ceramic by differential amplifier (89) outputs signal.
9. a kind of method realizing spectral combination amplification based on frequency multiplexing technique according to claim 8, it is characterized in that described balanced type optics cross-correlation time jitter measurement mechanism (8) also includes speculum (80), the position of accommodation reflex mirror can change the initial position of two input light.
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