A kind of feed-forward formula amplification system
[technical field]
The utility model belongs to ultrafast high field laser technology field, especially noise reducing amplification system.
[background technology]
High-power fiber light comb has a wide range of applications in high-order harmonic generation, precise light spectrometry, micro/nano-scale material processing and other fields.Along with the development of doubly clad optical fiber manufacture craft and high-brightness semiconductor laser pumping technology, pulse laser output average power has reached near kilowatt, has promoted the development of high-power fiber optical frequency com.The method that realizes at present high-power fiber light comb carrier envelope stable phase mainly contains two kinds: phase servo PHASE-LOCKED LOOP PLL TECHNIQUE and difference frequency production method.The phase servo PHASE-LOCKED LOOP PLL TECHNIQUE is vulnerable to the feedback bandwidth restriction, often causes power unstable to pump modulation in feedback procedure, destroys the mode-lock status of oscillation source, affects high power light comb system stable operation.The carrier envelope shifted signal of difference frequency production method can be subject to the impact of a large amount of 1/f noises and other low-frequency noise, has limited the precision of locking.
Yb dosed optical fiber light comb is vulnerable to the negative effect of high-order nonlinear effect and high-order dispersion paired pulses space-time characterisation in amplification process, in pulse strength enhancing process, high-order nonlinear effect and high-order dispersion effect can be destroyed the room and time distribution character of pulse, cause pulse shape that serious distortion and division occur.Moreover in amplification process, the spontaneous radiation effect has not only reduced the utilization ratio of amplification system to pump energy, also can introduce additive phase noise and parasitic spectral component by paired pulses simultaneously, and then have a strong impact on the amplification effect of amplifier.
In sum, although have at present multiple system and the equipment of realizing that high power pulse amplifies, all exist various shortcomings and deficiencies.
[utility model content]
In order to solve deficiency of the prior art, provide the amplification system of the phase noise that in a kind of effective inhibition high power amplification process, thermal effect, non-linear integral, pump light intensities shake, Raman scattering and spontaneous amplification radiological equivalent should be introduced.
The technical scheme that the utility model adopts is:
a kind of feed-forward formula amplification system, include the oscillator of output seed light source, be provided with the acousto-optic frequency shifter of seed light source being processed rear output zero order light and one grade of light at described oscillator output end, output at one grade of light of described acousto-optic frequency shifter is provided with stretcher, be provided with cascade amplifier at described stretcher output, be provided with compressor reducer at described cascade amplifier output, be provided with beam splitting chip No. one at described compressor reducer output, the reverberation of a described beam splitting chip is communicated with the compensation amplification system, described compensation amplification system is connected with the acousto-optic frequency shifter and provides control signal for the acousto-optic frequency shifter.
This system adopts feed-forward feed-forward formula phase noise compensation technology, and described feed-forward phase noise compensation technology refers to utilize the phase noise of introducing in the phase noise compensation function inhibition high power amplification process of acousto-optic frequency shifter (AOFS).Specifically refer to, modulating driving frequency without the laser oscillator output light of locking through one is f
DAcousto-optic frequency shifter (AOFS), zero level and one grade of two-way output light will appear in the output of this frequency shifter.Wherein, zero order light does not obtain the shift frequency of frequency shifter (AOFS), still keeps original frequency characteristic; The situation of the one grade of output light in another road is different, and according to acousto-optic crystal shift frequency principle, one order diffraction light of this frequency shifter will obtain frequency shift amount-f
DIf this moment the driving frequency of frequency shifter is set to the carrier wave zero-frequency of laser, i.e. f
D=f
0, one grade of output light will obtain-f
0Frequency displacement, this frequency displacement just will be offset the f that incident light contains
0And follow f
0Phase noise, so one grade of output of acousto-optic frequency shifter (AOFS) is accurate light comb.
Described compensation amplification system includes the self-reference detection system that is communicated with beam splitting chip reverberation, be provided with the circuit filtering amplifier at described self-reference detection system output, described circuit filtering amplifier out is connected with the acousto-optic frequency shifter and provides control signal for the acousto-optic frequency shifter.
Described self-reference zero-frequency Detection Techniques refer to utilize the radio-frequency component (2mfr+f0) of laser pulse and the frequency multiplication 2(mfr+f0 of low-frequency component) carry out beat frequency, wherein m is the longitudinal mode number of laser, be positive integer, f0 is the carrier envelope phase zero-frequency, and fr is the repetition rate of pulse.The low-frequency component fB=2 (mfr+f0)-(2mfr+f0) of beat signal=f0, laser carrier envelope phase zero-frequency just.Wherein, adopt self-reference zero-frequency Detection Techniques to carry out the detection of carrier envelope phase (CEP) zero frequency signal f0 to the pulse of amplifying after compression, and with this signal feedback to acousto-optic frequency shifter acousto-optic frequency shifter (AOFS).
Described compensation amplification system includes the beat frequency system that is communicated with the zero order light of acousto-optic frequency shifter output with beam splitting chip reverberation connected sum, be provided with filter amplifier at described beat frequency system output, described filter amplifier output is connected with the acousto-optic frequency shifter and provides control signal for the acousto-optic frequency shifter.
also establish ramp system at described beam splitting chip transmitted light one end, described ramp system output is provided with rising tone optical frequency shift device, output at one grade of light of described rising tone optical frequency shift device is provided with the second stretcher, be provided with the second cascade amplifier at described the second stretcher output, be provided with the second compressor reducer at described the second cascade amplifier out, be provided with beam splitting chip No. three at the second described compressor reducer output, described No. three beam splitting chip reverberation and the second beat frequency system connectivity, described the second beat frequency system also is communicated with the zero order light of rising tone optical frequency shift device output, be provided with the second filter amplifier at described the second beat frequency system output, described the second filter amplifier output is connected with rising tone optical frequency shift device and provides control signal for rising tone optical frequency shift device, described the second filter amplifier output also is connected with ramp system and provides control signal for ramp system.
This system is the combination of two kinds of embodiment, enter the system in the second embodiment after by ramp system take the output light of the first embodiment as seed light source, wherein, a beat signal part is used for driving the acousto-optic frequency shifter, and another part is used for controlling the relative spacing on slope.The slope spacing directly affects the insertion dispersion measure on slope, thereby can affect the group velocity of pulse, and reaches the function of control impuls carrier envelope phase.Because the response speed on slope is slower, but control successful, the noise of change slowly that therefore can be used for paired pulses carrier envelope phase (CEP) is controlled.Acousto-optic frequency shifter (AOFS) fast response time can be used for the fast changed signal of carrier envelope phase (CEP) is controlled.
The advantage of this embodiment is: 1, can reduce amplification process to the requirement of vibration light source, can realize just that by using common mode-locked laser the stable high power pulse of carrier envelope phase (CEP) amplifies.2, reduced system's degree of being responsible in multistage amplification process, whole process only need to adopt self-reference zero-frequency to survey just can to obtain by the mode of beat frequency the accurate high power pulse of controlling of carrier envelope phase (CEP) to be exported.3, the control precision of carrier envelope phase (CEP) zero-frequency is high, has not only effectively suppressed the fast variable of zero-frequency, and the drift of change slowly of zero-frequency has been realized accurate control.
Described stretcher is identical with the second stretcher structure is all the chirp spread device, described cascade amplifier is identical with the second cascade amplifier architecture all is the connection stage power amplifier of warbling, and it once includes a prime amplifier, an optical isolator, No. two prime amplifiers, No. two optical isolators, a main power amplifier, No. three optical isolators and No. two main power amplifiers along the light path trend from the input to the output.
The chirp spread method has solved the negative effect of high-order nonlinear effect paired pulses characteristic in the amplification process.The mode of utilizing the multilevel cascade to amplify effectively suppresses the spontaneous emission noise in amplification process, improves the pump light coupling efficiency.Also utilize simultaneously the balanced compensated method of feed-forward, improved the time-frequency domain control precision, solved the difficult problem that ultrafast high field laser accurate is controlled.
Described multi-stage cascade chirped pulse amplification refers to by the high-dispersive fibre, lower powered seed pulse be carried out time domain broadening, when making pulse produce linear chrip on time-domain by the femtosecond broadening to hundreds of psecs.Broadening on time scale has reduced the peak power of pulse, can effectively weaken the negative effect of nonlinear effect in the pulse amplification process.Simultaneously, adopt a plurality of double-clad photon crystal optical fibre amplifiers progressively seed light to be carried out power amplification, namely multi-stage cascade amplifies, and reaches the spontaneous emission noise in effective inhibition amplification process and takes full advantage of the purpose of pumping source energy.
Described compressor reducer is identical with the second compressor configuration is all pulse shortener, its the 4th reflective mirror, a grating, No. two gratings, No. two speculums by the transmissive incident light once from the incident light to the output, then be back to the 4th mirror reflects output through the 5th speculum former road.
Described self-reference detection system includes the first microcobjective, lithium columbate crystal, the second microcobjective, filter, photodetector successively from incident light one side.
Described beat frequency system is identical with the second beat frequency system configuration, include the delayed time system that is formed by the several piece reflective mirror that incident light is delayed time and controlled, also include the 3rd speculum to the zero order light reflection, and No. two beam splitting chips that the incident light after zero order light and time-delay is crossed, be provided with photodetector at No. two beam splitting chip outputs.
Be provided with the first speculum that the reverberation of the first beam splitting chip is imported the compensation amplification system in described the first beam splitting chip one side.
Be provided with in acousto-optic frequency shifter zero order light output one side the second speculum that zero order light is imported the beat frequency system, be provided with the 6th speculum that zero order light is imported the second beat frequency system in rising tone optical frequency shift device zero order light output one side.
The technical scheme that employing the utility model proposes is compared with traditional high power light comb, has the following advantages: 1) locking process does not need to intervene the oscillator operation, and the stability of a system is good; 2) after the locking, the carrier envelope deviation frequency is determined by acousto-optic frequency shifter driving frequency, can realize that any deviation frequency light comb is synthetic; 3) without any need for phase lock circuitry, simplied system structure; 4) fast response time, compensating band is roomy, and the locking precision is high.
[description of drawings]
Fig. 1 is the utility model total system figure.
Fig. 2 is the utility model embodiment 1 system diagram.
Fig. 3 is the utility model embodiment 2 system diagrams.
Fig. 4 is the utility model embodiment 3 system diagrams.
Fig. 5 is the cascade amplifier system diagram.
Fig. 6 is for providing with reference to detection system figure.
Fig. 7 is the beat frequency system diagram.
Fig. 8 is compressor installation figure.
[embodiment]
The utility model feature and other correlated characteristic are described in further detail by embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, so that technical staff's of the same trade understanding:
The utility model total system figure, produced by oscillator 1 and amplify the seed light that needs as shown in Figure 1, and this seed light should have the pulse repetition frequency of locking, or stabilized carrier envelope phase zero-frequency.
Then, seed light is sent into acousto-optic frequency shifter (AOFS) 2, its driving frequency is provided by follow-up compensation amplification system 12; Simultaneously its one grade of (diffraction) light L1 is sent into pulse stretcher 3, paired pulses carries out the broadening of time domain and makes pulse with linear chrip.
Then, scheme adopts full optical fiber type chirped pulse cascade amplifying technique paired pulses to carry out the high power amplification.Use cascade amplifier 4, in multistage amplification process, first adopt monomode fiber as the pre-amplification gain media, carry out the small-power pre-amplification, make the pulse of enough energy can be coupled into the double-clad photon crystal optical fibre amplifier, to suppress the spontaneous amplification radiated noise in amplification process; Adopt simultaneously large mould area double-cladding Yb-doped photon crystal optical fiber as main amplification gain medium, the chirped pulse amplifier paired pulses by two-stage cascade carries out high power and amplifies.Amplify afterpulse and carry out dispersion compensation by pulse shortener 5, thereby realize High power ultra-short pulse output.
At last, adopt the additive phase noise in phase noise precompensation technology paired pulses amplification process to control effectively.After the cascade amplification system, by the drift value f0+ Δ of self-reference carrier phase measurement systematic survey high-power output laser pulse carrier envelope phase place, wherein f0 is pulse carrier envelope phase (CEP) zero-frequency, and Δ is the additional noise in amplification process.With the acousto-optic frequency shifter (AOFS) that is used for after this signal circuit filter and amplification before the drive amplification system, make it produce in advance a branch of seed light with-(f0+ Δ) characteristic at one grade of light output end, compensate the phase drift that whole amplification system will produce.Thereby reach and effectively suppress gain competition and the purpose of amplifying pulse strength-phase shift noise in high repetition frequency high power amplification process.
Execute example 1:
As shown in Figure 2, adopt nonlinear polarization rotation locked mode femto-second laser as seed source, the precompensation phase noise is realized high-power fiber light comb.
Its implementation detail:
(1) select the nonlinear polarization rotation ytterbium-doping optical fiber laser to make the ultrashort pulse oscillation source, it is characterized in that the repetition rate fr of pulse is accurately locked.
(2) the output light of oscillator 1 is through an acousto-optic frequency shifter 2, and its driving frequency is fd, the frequency shift amount of its one grade of (diffraction) light L1 generation-fd, and as output light.
(3) carry out broadening with monomode fiber as the time domain width of 3 pairs of seed lasers of chirp pulse stretcher, the pulse distortion of avoiding damage that superelevation peak power in the ultrashort pulse amplification process causes optics and nonlinear effect to cause.
(4) adopt 4 pairs of seed light of cascade amplifier (multistage ytterbium doped optical fiber amplifier) to carry out power amplification.The structure of case cascade amplifier 4 as shown in Figure 5.
As shown in Figure 5:
(a) the first prime amplifier 41 and the second prime amplifier 42, gain media is selected single-mode ytterbium-doping optical fiber, and adopts the forward pumping working method.
(b) the first main amplifier 43 and the second main amplifier 44, gain media is selected large die face ytterbium-doped double-cladded-layer photonic crystal fiber, adopts simultaneously the backward pumping working method.
(c) place optical isolator ISO between every grade of amplifier, prevent backpropagation bad pre-amplifier of light loss and oscillator.
(5) realization of compressor reducer 5, its structure is as shown in Figure 8: adopt a pair of transmission-type grating in scheme, its structure as shown in Figure 8, light pulse is returned along former direction after being reflected mirror (high reflective mirror) M5 reflection after through the two sides transmission-type grating, and reflects output by another 45 ° of speculums (high reflective mirror) M4.One of them grating is positioned on an adjustable moving platform, by changing the mode of grating pair spacing, the GVD (Group Velocity Dispersion) of coming accurate compensated amplifier to introduce.
(6) self-reference detection system: the detection of zero-frequency noise signal, adopt the self-reference zero-frequency interference device of conllinear that carrier envelope phase (CEP) zero-frequency that amplifies pulse is surveyed in scheme.Its structure chart is as shown in Figure 6: amplify after pulse is coupled into the lithium columbate crystal (PPLN) of a block period modulation by a microcobjective MO, produce the super continuous spectrums that covers a frequency multiplication layer, produce simultaneously the frequency doubled light 2(nfr+f0 of low-frequency component in the PPLN crystal); Then pass through another microcobjective MO and bandpass filter, the radio-frequency component (2nfr+f0) of realizing continuous spectrum on detector and frequency doubled light 2(nfr+f0) beat frequency, beat frequency fB=2 (nfr+f0)-(2nfr+f0)=f0, wherein n is the longitudinal mode number of laser, be positive integer, f0 is the carrier envelope phase zero-frequency, and fr is the repetition rate of pulse, and fB is the zero frequency signal of pulse.
(7) circuit filtering amplifier 7 is identical with filter amplifier 10 and the second filter amplifier 10-1 structure, formed by a band acceptor and low noise high-gain amplifier, wherein the centre frequency of band pass filter is f0, bandwidth 10MHz, amplifier gain coefficient〉50dB.
(8) realization of zero-frequency noise compensation.With the zero frequency signal f0 that detects, through after filter and amplification, be directly used in and drive acousto-optic frequency shifter (AOFS).At this moment, fd=f0, one order diffraction light generation frequency displacement-f0 of acousto-optic frequency shifter (AOFS), this frequency shift amount will with follow-up amplification process in f0 offset, be zero the stable high-power laser pulse output of carrier envelope phase (CEP) thereby obtain zero-frequency.Perhaps utilize frequency mixer with a standard signal f and f0 mixing, produce the mixed frequency signal of f+f0, and with this signal driver acousto-optic frequency shifter (AOFS), can obtain the output light that zero frequency signal is f at this moment.Come the frequency source of self-stabilization due to f, so carrier envelope phase (CEP) zero-frequency of output pulse is stable equally.
Example 2:
Employing light comb utilizes phase noise precompensation technology to realize that the zero-frequency in femtosecond light comb pulse amplification process is become drift slowly carries out precision control as seed source, and concrete scheme as shown in the figure.
As shown in Figure 3:
(1) oscillator 1 is light comb light source, it is characterized in that:
(a) laser repetition rate fr is accurately locked, locking precision<1mHz;
(b) the carrier envelope phase frequency f 0 of pulse is accurately locked, locking precision<10mHz.
(2) light comb seed light is through acousto-optic frequency shifter (AOFS) 2, its one order diffraction light is sent into stretcher 3, then utilize chirped pulse cascade amplifier 4 to carry out high power to it and amplify, and by compressor reducer 5, high power is amplified pulse compression to the femtosecond magnitude, output at last.
(3) control of carrier envelope phase (CEP) zero-frequency noise in amplification process.
(a) the zero order light L0 of acousto-optic frequency shifter (AOFS) and part (1%) are amplified output light and carry out beat frequency in beat frequency systems 8, and its beat signal has namely comprised the phase noise Δ in the amplification process.This signal is passed through filter amplifier 10, be directly used in and drive acousto-optic frequency shifter (AOFS), consequently one grade of light of acousto-optic frequency shifter (AOFS) produces the frequency shift amount that contains (Δ), can with follow-up amplification process in Δ offset, realize that the low noise high power laser light amplifies.
Its structure is as shown in Figure 7:
(b) amplify light through a delayed time system (time-delay control line) 81, close bundle with zero level (diffraction) light of acousto-optic frequency shifter (AOFS) on No. two beam splitting chip BS2, and survey 82 by a photodetector, at this moment, detector will be exported the repetition rate signal of two-beam and beat signal each other, and by circuit filtering device amplifier 7, beat signal is extracted, be used for feedback and drive acousto-optic frequency shifter (AOFS) 2.
(4) under the zero-frequency noise compensation effect of acousto-optic frequency shifter (AOFS) 2, the annex phase noise that stretcher 3, cascade amplifier 4 and compressor reducer 5 produce has all obtained effective inhibition, the carrier envelope phase locking of system's output pulse this moment is on light comb light source, because zero level (diffraction) light L0 is the direct output light of light source, be not subject to the impact of subsequent process, kept the time-frequency domain stability of light comb light source.Amplify light and its beat frequency, in fact exactly take it as normative reference, the zero-frequency of amplification process is locked on zero level (diffraction) light L0.
Example 3:
The compensation amplification of cascade noise.This example is on the basis of example 1 and 2, and the seed light source take the output light of example 1 as example 2 utilizes the structure of example 2 to carry out further high power to output pulse on example 1 and amplifies.Concrete scheme as shown in the figure.
As shown in Figure 4:
(1) seed light source 11 adopts the structure of embodiment 1, and wherein oscillator is common mode-locked laser, it is characterized in that the repetition rate of pulse accurately locks, locking precision<1mHz.
(2) seed light through after a pair of ramp system 9, enters the low noise power amplifying system in embodiment 2.Wherein, the signal part after the second beat frequency 8-1 of system is amplified by the second filter amplifier 10-1 is used for driving rising tone optical frequency shift device 2-1, and another part is used for controlling the relative spacing of ramp system 9.The spacing of ramp system 9 directly affects the insertion dispersion measure of ramp system 9, thereby can affect the group velocity of pulse, and reaches the function of control impuls carrier envelope phase.Because the response speed on slope 9 is slower, but control successful, the noise of change slowly that therefore can be used for paired pulses carrier envelope phase (CEP) is controlled.Rising tone optical frequency shift device (AOFS) 2-1 fast response time can be used for the fast changed signal of carrier envelope phase (CEP) is controlled.
The advantage of this embodiment is: 1, can reduce amplification process to the requirement of vibration light source, can realize just that by using common mode-locked laser the stable high power pulse of carrier envelope phase (CEP) amplifies.2, reduced system's degree of being responsible in multistage amplification process, whole process only need to adopt self-reference zero-frequency to survey just can to obtain by the mode of beat frequency the accurate high power pulse of controlling of carrier envelope phase (CEP) to be exported.3, the control precision of carrier envelope phase (CEP) zero-frequency is high, has not only effectively suppressed the fast variable of zero-frequency, and the drift of change slowly of zero-frequency has been realized accurate control.