CN103014476A - Stainless steel refining method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a stainless steel refining method sequentially comprising the steps that: 1, molten steel satisfying requirements of argon oxygen furnace smelting is added into an argon oxygen furnace; 2, decarburization is carried out, wherein in a blowing decarburization process in which oxygen and nitrogen are both blown by using a top gun and a bottom gun, lime and light-calcined magnesium balls are added, wherein an MgO content in slag is 6-8%; sintered nickel, high-carbon ferromanganese, and chromium-and-nickel-containing stainless steel are added in batches according to the component of the type of steel; and carbon content in steel is removed to a value no higher than 0.05%; 3, a reductive bottom gun only blows argon, and stirring is carried out; ferrosilicon is added for reduction; fluorite and lime are added, wherein CaO/SiO2 is 1.7-2.2, and a MgO content is 6-8%; and molten steel components are analyzed; 4, molten steel components are adjusted according to analysis result and the components of the steel type; and 5, tapping molten steel analysis is carried out; when molten steel component mass percentages reach the requirements of the steel type, tapping is carried out. With the stainless steel refining method provided by the invention, corrosion of furnace slag to furnace lining is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of stainless steel refining.
Background technology
The method of existing stainless steel refining, argon/oxygen furnace lining is calcareous for magnesium, for avoiding in the steelmaking process slag to the erosion of furnace lining; usually can in stove, add a certain amount of slag making materials that contains MgO; guarantee the MgO content in the slag, reduce slag to the erosion of furnace lining, improve the anti-material life-span of furnace lining.The multiplex light dolomite of stainless steel refining link and lime carry out slag making at present, MgO content is about 30% in the light dolomite, because the content of MgO is few in the light dolomite, therefore adopt light dolomite and lime to carry out slag making to add slag charge many, in stainless steel refining process, repeatedly enter in the stove, it is many that institute adds slag charge, slag blanket ventilation property and poor fluidity are unfavorable for that decarburization and basicity of slag are difficult to guarantee, Accelerating reduction phase slag is to the erosion of furnace lining.Therefore, few quantity of slag, the stable slagging method of basicity of slag seem particularly important to stainless steel refining link.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiency of the method that has the stainless steel refining now, the invention provides a kind of disposable adding, stablized basicity of slag, reduced the erosion of slag to furnace lining, improve the method for the stainless steel refining in anti-material life-span of furnace lining.
The method of this stainless steel refining comprises following step successively:
(1) adds molten steel
The molten steel that will meet the smelting of argon oxygen stove adds in the argon oxygen stove;
(2) decarburization
In the process of the blowing decarburization of top rifle and the common oxygen blast gas of end rifle and nitrogen, add lime and calcined magnesite ball, guarantee oxidation basic basicity (the basicity of slag CaO/SiO in early stage
2〉=1.7) MgO content 6%-8% and in the slag, reach the protection to furnace lining, the temperature of molten steel is not less than 1620 ℃, then further decarburization, composition according to steel grade adds sintrered nickel, high carbon ferromanganese in batches and contains chromium and the stainless steel of nickel, and adding lime, the temperature of molten steel is not less than 1650 ℃; Carbon content in the steel is taken off when not being higher than 0.05%, and oxygen decarburization finishes.
(3) reduction
Rifle pure blowing argon gas in the end stirs, and adds reduction by ferrosilicon, adds fluorite and lime, and the temperature of molten steel is down to 1620 ℃, requires CaO/SiO
2: 1.7～2.2, MgO content: 6%～8%.
The composition of sampling analysis molten steel.
(4) adjust
According to the result who analyzes and the composition of steel grade, add the metal that does not meet steel grades, adjust the composition of molten steel.The temperature of molten steel is 1640 ± 10 ℃.
(5) tapping
Sampling analysis molten steel, the mass percent of molten steel composition reach steel grade and require tapping, 1620 ℃ ± 10 ℃ of temperature.
The method of above-mentioned stainless steel refining, its steps characteristic is:
(2) decarburization
The pure oxygen decarburization of the first step top rifle, air supply intensity is 3300 ± 200m
3/ h, end rifle oxygen blast gas and nitrogen, air supply intensity is respectively 1200 ± 200m
3/ h, 600 ± 50m
3/ h, the time is not less than 8 minutes, and molten steel per ton adds lime 26 ± 4Kg and calcined magnesite ball 16 ± 2Kg, 1670 ± 50 ℃ of the temperature of molten steel;
Second step top rifle oxygen blast gas and nitrogen, air supply intensity is respectively 3000 ± 200m3/h, 300 ± 50m3/h, end rifle oxygen blast gas and nitrogen, air supply intensity is respectively 1200 ± 200m3/h, 600 ± 50m3/h, and the time is no less than 5 minutes, further decarburization, molten steel per ton adds sintrered nickel 2.8 ± 0.6kg, high carbon ferromanganese 5.4 ± 0.6kg, lime 10 ± 1Kg, 1700 ± 50 ℃ of the temperature of molten steel;
The 3rd step was continued top rifle oxygen blast gas and nitrogen, and air supply intensity is respectively 1800 ± 200m
3/ h, 1200 ± 200m
3/ h, end rifle oxygen blast gas and nitrogen, air supply intensity is respectively 1500 ± 200m
3/ h, 900 ± 100m3/h, the time is no less than 8 minutes, further decarburization, molten steel per ton adds stainless steel scrap 39 ± 2kg nickeliferous and chromium, high carbon ferromanganese 1.4 ± 0.2kg, sintrered nickel 1.4 ± 0.2kg, 1762 ± 50 ℃ of the temperature of molten steel;
The 4th end in step rifle oxygen blast gas and nitrogen gas stirring, air supply intensity is respectively 1020 ± 100m
3/ h, 2040 ± 200m
3/ h, the time is no less than 8 minutes, further decarburization, molten steel per ton adds stainless steel scrap 16.8 ± 1kg nickeliferous and chromium, and sintrered nickel 3.5 ± 0.5kg adds lime 31 ± 2kg, the composition of thermometric, sampling analysis molten steel, 1726 ± 50 ℃ of liquid steel temperatures;
The mass percent of the composition of molten steel is:
C：0.121～0.131 Mn：0.369～1.369 P：0.025～0.045
S：0.005～0.015％ Cr：14.19～18.19 Ni：7.22～8.42
Cu:0.045～0.345; All the other are iron and inevitable impurity.
The 5th end in step rifle oxygen blast gas and argon gas stir, and air supply intensity is respectively 780 ± 50m
3/ h, 2160 ± 200m
3/ h, the time is not less than 6 minutes, further decarburization, molten steel per ton adds lime 8 ± 1kg, the temperature to 1712 of molten steel ± 50 ℃;
The 6th end in step rifle oxygen blast gas and argon gas stir, and air supply intensity is 540 ± 50m
3/ h, 2160 ± 200m
3/ h, the time is no less than 6 minutes, and carbon content in the steel is taken off to 0.05%, and oxygen blast finishes.
(3) reduction
Rifle pure blowing argon gas in the end stirs, and air supply intensity is 1320 ± 100m
3/ h, the time is no less than 10 minutes, and molten steel per ton adds ferrosilicon 30 ± 2Kg reduction, adds fluorite 18 ± 2kg, lime 26 ± 2Kg residue adjustment, and molten steel per ton adds pure nickel 2.6 ± 0.2Kg, the sampling thermometric, the temperature of molten steel is down to 1670 ± 50 ℃, and gets slag specimen analysis.
The mass percent of the composition of sampling analysis molten steel is:
C：0.023～0.063 Si：0.291～0.691 Mn：0.860～1.260
P：0.025～0.055 S：0.001～0.003 Cr：17.70～18.50
Ni：7.41～8.30 Cu：0.037～0.337 N：0.0350～0.0710
All the other are iron and inevitable impurity.
Get the reduction slag sample analysis, require CaO/SiO
2Be 2.0 ± 0.2, MgO content: 7.11 ± 1%.
(5) tapping
Sampling analysis molten steel, the mass percent of molten steel composition reach following requirement tapping:
C：0.04～0.06％ Si：0.35～0.65％ Mn：1.0～1.5％ P≤0.045％
S≤0.004％ Cr：18.00～18.25％ Ni：8.00～8.10％ N：0.04～0.06％
Cu：0.037～0.337；
All the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
The method of above-mentioned stainless steel refining, its steps characteristic is:
(4) adjust
Analyze above-mentioned molten steel composition as can be known, wherein Ni content is undesirable, and molten steel per ton adds the composition that pure nickel 4.1 ± 0.2kg adjusts molten steel again.
This step randomness is very large, the not necessarily nickel that lacks.
The method of this stainless steel refining replaces light dolomite with calcined magnesite ball, because the MgO Content is higher in the calcined magnesite ball, is about 70%.Therefore adopt the alternative light dolomite of calcined magnesite ball and lime to carry out slag making, so that adding slag charge, institute reduces, in can disposable adding stove when beginning to blow, institute adds slag charge ground and reduces so that slag blanket ventilation property and flowability are improved, not only be beneficial to decarburization but also basicity of slag is guaranteed, reduced the erosion of reduction period slag to furnace lining.
Embodiment
Describe the embodiment of the method for this stainless steel refining in detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but the embodiment of the method for this stainless steel refining is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment
Take 304 the most common stainless steels as example, when beginning to blow, argon oxygen stove adds calcined magnesite ball 600kg by feed bin, no longer add during this time, reduction finishes the slag removing sample and analyzes, MgO content was about 7% (because the used supplementary material of steelmaking process also inevitably contains some MgO), and MgO content meets the requirements in the slag.
Applicant's smelting furnace is 45t argon oxygen stove, the sub-weight of each slag is about 6t, for guaranteeing that MgO content is 6%-8% in the slag, as adding about 1400kg with light dolomite (MgO content is 30%) slag making, guarantee that MgO content is 6%-8% in the slag if still use calcined magnesite ball (MgO content is 70%) instead then only need adding 600kg to satisfy.Because the adding of light dolomite and calcined magnesite ball all can so that molten steel cooling to smelting process unfavorable (both coefficient of temperature drops are suitable), degree of cooling need to heat up by the oxidation noble metal, bring unnecessary consumption.The use of calcined magnesite ball so that the slag making materials add-on reduce, thereby molten steel cooling amount is also reduced, and has guaranteed the stable of MgO content in the whole process slag.In addition, institute adds slag charge and reduces, and slag blanket ventilation property and flowability are improved, and not only are beneficial to decarburization but also basicity of slag to be guaranteed, have reduced the erosion of reduction period slag to furnace lining.
The quality per distribution ratio of common 304 its chemical compositions of steel grade is:
C：0.04～0.06％ Si：0.35～0.65％ Mn：1.0～1.5％ P≤0.045％
S≤0.004％ Cr：18.00～18.25％ Ni：8.00～8.10％
N：0.04～0.06％ Cu≤0.5％；
All the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
The molten steel composition scope that meets the smelting of argon oxygen stove is as follows:
C：1％～2.5％ Si：0.01％～0.6％ Mn：0.01％～1.5％ P：≤0.06％
S：≤0.06％ Cr：12％～20％ Ni：0.01～10％ Cu：0.01％～1.0％
All the other are iron and inevitable impurity.1460～1530 ℃ of temperature, the thick 30～70mm of slag.
(1) adds molten steel
The molten steel that meets the smelting of argon oxygen stove of 37.7t is added in the argon oxygen stove, through thermometric, sampling analysis,
The mass percent of the composition of molten steel is:
C：2.276％ Si：0.201％ Mn：0.591％ P：0.036％
S：0.032％ Cr：18.3％ Ni：6.91％ Cu：0.181
All the other are iron and inevitable impurity.1463 ℃ of temperature, the thick 50mm of slag.
(2) decarburization
The pure oxygen decarburization of the first step top rifle, air supply intensity is 3300m
3/ h, end rifle oxygen blast gas and nitrogen, air supply intensity is respectively 1200m
3/ h, 600m
3/ h, 8 minutes time, add lime 1000Kg and calcined magnesite ball 600Kg, guarantee oxidation in earlier stage basic basicity and slag in MgO content, reach the protection to furnace lining, the temperature of molten steel reaches 1670 ℃;
Second step top rifle oxygen blast gas and nitrogen, air supply intensity is respectively 3000m3/h, 300m3/h, end rifle oxygen blast gas and nitrogen, air supply intensity is respectively 1200m3/h, 600m3/h, 5 minutes time, further decarburization, add sintrered nickel 107kg (nickel content 90%), high carbon ferromanganese 206kg (manganese content 75%), lime 400Kg, the temperature to 1700 of molten steel ℃;
The 3rd step was continued top rifle oxygen blast gas and nitrogen, and air supply intensity is respectively 1800m
3/ h, 1200m
3/ h, end rifle oxygen blast gas and nitrogen, air supply intensity is respectively 1500m
3/ h, 900m
3/ h, 8 minutes time, further decarburization adds stainless steel scrap 1512kg (chromium content 18%, nickel content 8%), high carbon ferromanganese 53kg (manganese content 75%), sintrered nickel 54kg (nickel content 90%), the temperature of molten steel reaches 1762 ℃;
The 4th end in step rifle oxygen blast gas and nitrogen gas stirring, air supply intensity is respectively 1020m
3/ h, 2040m
3/ h, 8 minutes time, further decarburization adds stainless steel scrap 703kg (chromium content 18%, nickel content 8%), and sintrered nickel 135kg (nickel content 90%) adds lime 1200kg, the composition of thermometric, sampling analysis molten steel, 1726 ℃ of liquid steel temperatures;
The mass percent of the composition of molten steel is:
C：0.126％ Mn：0.869％ P：0.035％ S：0.010％
Cr：16.19％ Ni：7.82％ Cu：0.195
All the other are iron and inevitable impurity.
The 5th end in step rifle oxygen blast gas and argon gas stir, and air supply intensity is respectively 780m
3/ h, 2160m
3/ h, 6 minutes time, further decarburization adds lime 301kg, the temperature to 1712 of molten steel ℃;
The 6th end in step rifle oxygen blast gas and argon gas stir, and air supply intensity is respectively 540m
3/ h, 2160m
3/ h, 6 minutes time, carbon content in the steel to be taken off to 0.05%, oxygen blast finishes.
(3) reduction
Rifle pure blowing argon gas in the end stirs, and air supply intensity is respectively 1320m
3/ h, adds ferrosilicon 1145Kg (silicone content is 75%) reduction at 10 minutes time, add fluorite 700kg, lime 1000Kg residue adjustment, add pure nickel 100Kg (nickel content 99.7%), the sampling thermometric, the temperature of molten steel is down to 1670 ℃, and gets slag specimen analysis.
The mass percent of the composition of sampling analysis molten steel is:
C：0.043％ Si：0.491％ Mn：1.060％ P：0.040％
S：0.002％ Cr：18.20％ Ni：7.71％ Cu：0.187
All the other are iron and inevitable impurity for N:0.0560%.
Get the reduction slag sample analysis, composition is as follows in the slag:
SiO
2：25.05％ Al
2O
3：1.42％ CaO：51.15％ MgO：7.11％
Cr
2O
3: all the other are iron and inevitable impurity for 0.07% NiO:0.01% MnO:0.08%.
From the slag sample analysis result as can be known, CaO/SiO
2=2.04, MgO content: 7.11%, meet the requirements.
(4) adjust
Analyze above-mentioned molten steel composition as can be known, wherein Ni content is undesirable, adds the composition that pure nickel (nickel content 99.7%) 157kg adjusts molten steel again, and the temperature of molten steel is 1640 ℃.
(5) tapping
The sampling analysis molten steel, the mass percent of molten steel composition is:
C：0.052％ Si：0.444％ Mn：1.044％ P：0.039％
S：0.002％ Cr：18.03％ Ni：8.03％ Cu：0.180％
All the other are iron and inevitable impurity for N:0.0487%.
Thermometric, the temperature of molten steel are 1620 ℃. composition and the temperature of molten steel meet the requirements.
The present embodiment is tapped from step () to step (five) and is amounted to 76 minutes consuming time (comprising the time that process is reinforced and wait for rhythm of production).
Claims (3)
1. the method for a stainless steel refining, it comprises following step successively:
One, adds molten steel
The molten steel that will meet the smelting of argon oxygen stove adds in the argon oxygen stove;
Two, decarburization
In the process of the blowing decarburization of top rifle and the common oxygen blast gas of end rifle and nitrogen, add lime and calcined magnesite ball, guarantee the oxidation basic basicity in early stage, and MgO content 6%-8% in the slag, reaching the protection to furnace lining, the temperature of molten steel is not less than 1620 ℃;
Then further decarburization adds sintrered nickel, high carbon ferromanganese in batches and contains chromium and the stainless steel of nickel according to the composition of steel grade, and adding lime, and the temperature of molten steel is not less than 1650 ℃; Carbon content in the steel is taken off when not being higher than 0.05%, and oxygen decarburization finishes;
Three, reduction
Rifle pure blowing argon gas in the end stirs, and adds reduction by ferrosilicon, adds fluorite and lime, and the temperature of molten steel is down to 1620 ℃, requires CaO/SiO
2: 1.7～2.2, MgO content: 6%～8%;
The composition of sampling analysis molten steel;
Four, adjust
According to the result who analyzes and the composition of steel grade, add the metal that does not meet steel grades, adjust the composition of molten steel; The temperature of molten steel is 1640 ± 10 ℃;
Five, tapping
Sampling analysis molten steel, the mass percent of molten steel composition reach steel grade and require tapping, 1620 ℃ ± 10 ℃ of temperature.
2. the method for stainless steel refining according to claim 1, its steps characteristic is:
Two, decarburization
The pure oxygen decarburization of the first step top rifle, air supply intensity is 3300 ± 200m
3/ h, end rifle oxygen blast gas and nitrogen, air supply intensity is respectively 1200 ± 200m
3/ h, 600 ± 50m
3/ h, the time is not less than 8 minutes, and molten steel per ton adds lime 26 ± 4Kg and calcined magnesite ball 16 ± 2Kg, 1670 ± 50 ℃ of the temperature of molten steel;
Second step top rifle oxygen blast gas and nitrogen, air supply intensity is respectively 3000 ± 200m3/h, 300 ± 50m3/h, end rifle oxygen blast gas and nitrogen, air supply intensity is respectively 1200 ± 200m3/h, 600 ± 50m3/h, and the time is no less than 5 minutes, further decarburization, molten steel per ton adds sintrered nickel 2.8 ± 0.6kg, high carbon ferromanganese 5.4 ± 0.6kg, lime 10 ± 1Kg, 1700 ± 50 ℃ of the temperature of molten steel;
The 3rd step was continued top rifle oxygen blast gas and nitrogen, and air supply intensity is respectively 1800 ± 200m
3/ h, 1200 ± 200m
3/ h, end rifle oxygen blast gas and nitrogen, air supply intensity is respectively 1500 ± 200m
3/ h, 900 ± 100m
3/ h, the time is no less than 8 minutes, further decarburization, molten steel per ton adds stainless steel scrap 39 ± 2kg nickeliferous and chromium, high carbon ferromanganese 1.4 ± 0.2kg, sintrered nickel 1.4 ± 0.2kg, 1762 ± 50 ℃ of the temperature of molten steel;
The 4th end in step rifle oxygen blast gas and nitrogen gas stirring, air supply intensity is respectively 1020 ± 100m
3/ h, 2040 ± 200m
3/ h, the time is no less than 8 minutes, further decarburization, molten steel per ton adds stainless steel scrap 16.8 ± 1kg nickeliferous and chromium, and sintrered nickel 3.5 ± 0.5kg adds lime 31 ± 2kg, the composition of thermometric, sampling analysis molten steel, 1726 ± 50 ℃ of liquid steel temperatures;
The mass percent of the composition of molten steel is:
C：0.121～0.131 Mn：0.369～1.369 P：0.025～0.045
S：0.005～0.015％ Cr：14.19～18.19 Ni：7.22～8.42
Cu:0.045～0.345; All the other are iron and inevitable impurity;
The 5th end in step rifle oxygen blast gas and argon gas stir, and air supply intensity is respectively 780 ± 50m
3/ h, 2160 ± 200m
3/ h, the time is not less than 6 minutes, further decarburization, molten steel per ton adds lime 8 ± 1kg, the temperature to 1712 of molten steel ± 50 ℃;
The 6th end in step rifle oxygen blast gas and argon gas stir, and air supply intensity is 540 ± 50m
3/ h, 2160 ± 200m
3/ h, the time is no less than 6 minutes, and carbon content in the steel is taken off to 0.05%, and oxygen blast finishes;
Three, reduction
Rifle pure blowing argon gas in the end stirs, and air supply intensity is 1320 ± 100m
3/ h, the time is no less than 10 minutes, and molten steel per ton adds ferrosilicon 30 ± 2Kg reduction, adds fluorite 18 ± 2kg, lime 26 ± 2Kg residue adjustment, and molten steel per ton adds pure nickel 2.6 ± 0.2Kg, the sampling thermometric, the temperature of molten steel is down to 1670 ± 50 ℃, and gets slag specimen analysis;
The mass percent of the composition of sampling analysis molten steel is:
C：0.023～0.063 Si：0.291～0.691 Mn：0.860～1.260
P：0.025～0.055 S：0.001～0.003 Cr：17.70～18.50
Ni：7.41～8.30 Cu：0.037～0.337 N：0.0350～0.0710
All the other are iron and inevitable impurity;
Get the reduction slag sample analysis, require CaO/SiO
2Be 2.0 ± 0.2, MgO content: 7.11 ± 1%;
Five, tapping
Sampling analysis molten steel, the mass percent of molten steel composition reach following requirement tapping:
C：0.04～0.06％ Si：0.35～0.65％ Mn：1.0～1.5％ P≤0.045％
S≤0.004％ Cr：18.00～18.25％ Ni：8.00～8.10％ N：0.04～0.06％
Cu:0.037～0.337; All the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
3. the method for stainless steel refining according to claim 1 and 2, its steps characteristic is:
Four, adjust
Analyze above-mentioned molten steel composition as can be known, wherein Ni content is undesirable, and molten steel per ton adds the composition that pure nickel 4.1 ± 0.2kg adjusts molten steel again.
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| CN106756479A (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-05-31 | 广东广青金属科技有限公司 | High cleanliness flat cold-rolled sheet austenitic stainless steel and its production method |
| CN110894565A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-03-20 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Method for smelting stainless steel by using ultrahigh silicon, carbon and chromium solution |
| CN111908791A (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2020-11-10 | 广州市泓苼玻璃制品有限公司 | Production method of high-strength glass cosmetic bottle |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106756479A (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-05-31 | 广东广青金属科技有限公司 | High cleanliness flat cold-rolled sheet austenitic stainless steel and its production method |
| CN110894565A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-03-20 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Method for smelting stainless steel by using ultrahigh silicon, carbon and chromium solution |
| CN110894565B (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2021-07-16 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Method for smelting stainless steel by using ultrahigh silicon, carbon and chromium solution |
| CN111908791A (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2020-11-10 | 广州市泓苼玻璃制品有限公司 | Production method of high-strength glass cosmetic bottle |
| CN111908791B (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2022-11-01 | 广州市泓苼玻璃制品有限公司 | Production method of high-strength glass cosmetic bottle |
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Application publication date: 20130403 |