CN1876857A - Method for smelting stainless steel using molten iron as raw material - Google Patents
Method for smelting stainless steel using molten iron as raw material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method of smelting non-corrodible steel with hot iron as main raw material includes the following steps: 1) preconditioning the hot iron, by desiliconisation, dephosphorization and desulfurization of the said hot iron, the components (mass %) can arrive at the following request: 3.8- 4.9(%) carbon, less than 0.025 silicon, 0.013(%)phosphorus, less than 0.025(%) sulphur, and less than 0.05(%) manganese; 2) performing preliminary decarbonization with top-bottom multiple blowing converter, when the hot iron components (mass%) arrive at the following steps, pouring less than 0.25(%)ladle, less than 0.1 (%)silicon, 0.025(%)phosphorus, less than 0.015(%) sulphur, less than 0.12(%) manganese and more than 10(%)chromium; the invention selects hot iron with a higher carbon content and high proportion as main raw material to smelt non-corrodible steel.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of is the method for main raw material smelting stainless steel with the molten iron.
Background technology
The later stage 1980s is because some national stainless steel steel scrap resource anxieties, is that the converter three-step approach stainless steel production technique (HM De-P+K-BOP+RH/VOD, HMDe-P+MRP-L+VOD, HM De-P+K-OBM-S+VOD) of main raw material is developed in long flow process Steel Complex with the molten iron.
Used the stainless factory of molten iron smelting that the Acesita factory of the Japanese Ba Fanchang of Nippon Steel, Kawasaki Chiba factory and Brazil is arranged respectively in the world.Its main technique flow process is HM De-P+ converter+VOD, but because the actual conditions difference of each factory, converter institute adopting process respectively has characteristics.As Yawata factory of Nippon Steel is the LD-OB converter; Kawasaki Chiba factory is two K-BOP converters, and wherein one is used for melting and reducing ferrochrome pelletizing, and another seat is used for decarburization; Acesita factory was the MRP converter originally, belonged to the weak paddling process that the bottom is blown into rare gas element.。
Above-mentioned is that the method and apparatus of main raw material smelting stainless steel is suitable for the lower situation of blast furnace molten iron silicon content with molten iron, can't be used for the molten iron that carbon content is higher, silicone content is higher, as carbon content 4%～6%, the molten iron of silicone content 0.4%～0.8%, and also the molten iron ratio is little.
Summary of the invention
Is the above-mentioned deficiency of main raw material smelting stainless steel method in order to overcome existing with the molten iron, the invention provides a kind of can be higher with carbon content, use the method for the high molten iron of molten iron ratio as the main raw material smelting stainless steel.
Design of the present invention is the requirement of producing required molten iron according to stainless steel, my company's blast furnace molten iron silicon content higher (0.4%～0.8%), and therefore the molten iron to iron work carries out pre-treatment, promptly carries out desiliconization, dephosphorization and desulfurization.Pre-desiliconization dusting device has been installed before the iron work State of Blast Furnace has been carried out pre-desiliconization processing, reduced the silicone content in the molten iron, for further dephosphorization creates favorable conditions.Its two, adopt in the bag to add iron phosphorus in advance, unite winding-up and the top adds the oxidation iron process, built two cover dephosphorization of molten iron devices, desulfurization simultaneously.
Of the present invention is that the method for main raw material smelting stainless steel is following three kinds of methods with the molten iron.Abbreviate single stage method, two step method and three-step approach as.
Single stage method: mainly smelt carbon content higher ([C] 〉=0.10%), alloy content lower (∑ Me≤15.0%) steel grade, as 1～3Cr13.
Two step method: mainly smelt carbon content higher ([C] 〉=0.05%), alloy content higher (∑ Me 〉=15.0%) steel grade, as 0Cr18Ni9,1Cr18Ni9.
Three-step approach
Three-step approach: mainly smelt carbon content lower ([C]≤0.05%), the higher chromium nickel steel of alloy content.
Three-step approach without electric furnace: mainly smelt the steel grade of carbon content lower ([C]≤0.05%) alloy content lower (∑ Me≤15.0%), be as 0Cr13,00Cr12Ti.
Of the present invention is that the method steps of main raw material smelting stainless steel is as follows successively with the molten iron:
One preprocessed molten iron
Carry out preliminary desiliconization and dephosphorization and desulfurization to blast-melted, make molten iron reach the requirement that top and bottom combined blown converter carries out preliminary decarburization and cr yield and alloying.
The a desiliconization of hot metal
With the main chemical compositions of iron-smelting blast furnace is following (weight percentage) molten iron
C 4.0-8.0(％) Si 0.5-0.7(％) P 0.05-0.07(％)
S≤0.040 (%) Mn≤0.10 (%) temperature 〉=1310 ℃ of dregginess 0.7%
Pour in the hot metal ladle, after skimming with slag removal machine, measure the molten iron liquid level, measure molten iron temperature, blow the spray method with pulvis, will send in the hot metal ladle with travelling belt based on the iron scale ball of ferric oxide, can be that main iron scale powder blows the spray method with pulvis also in order to ferric oxide, spray in the molten iron for the carrier gas powder monitor with nitrogen, through ladle-to-ladle, skim, by the oxidizing reaction of solid oxygen in the iron phosphorus or the Si in gas oxygen and the molten iron, carry out the chemical reaction desiliconization, the chemical reaction machine is as follows:
The main chemical compositions of the molten iron after the desiliconization (weight percentage) is
C 4.0(％) Si≤0.005(％) P 0.05-0.07(％)
S≤0.040 (%) Mn≤0.10 (%) temperature 〉=1350 ℃.
The desulfurization of b dephosphorization of molten iron
After skimming, pour into the molten iron after the desiliconization in the hot metal ladle, blow the spray method with pulvis, with main component is that the dephosphorizing agent nitrogen of lime and fluorite is that the carrier gas powder monitor sprays in the molten iron with 30-90Kg/min dosage, muzzle 300mm at the bottom of the hot metal ladle dusts, carry out chemical reaction dephosphorization and desulfurization, chemical reaction mechanism is as follows:
The stable P of the final generation of dephosphorisation reaction
2O
5(CaO)
4Compound enters in the slag.
Temperature through measuring molten iron and get the molten iron chemical examination after, after the main chemical compositions of the molten iron of desiliconization and dephosphorization and devulcanization (weight percentage) reaches following requirement
C 3.8-4.5(％) Si≤0.005(％)
P 0.013(％) S≤0.025(％) Mn≤0.05(％)
Temperature 〉=1290 ℃ dregginess 2.7%
Skim with slag removal machine.
In the dephosphorization and desulfurization process, when finishing slag basicity was controlled at 3.5-4.5, dephosphorization reached best effect, and general steel grade dephosphorization target call reaches below 0.008%, and special steel grade reaches below 0.005%.With top blow oxygen lance gas oxygen is blown on the molten iron liquid level, gas oxygen except that with molten iron in the element oxidizing reaction, also react and carry out secondary combustion with CO, this heat can compensate molten iron temperature loss.The requirement accurately of stove stable components, weight was gone in multiple converter at the bottom of molten iron after desiliconization, dephosphorization and the desulfurization had satisfied the top, had satisfied the thermally equilibrated needs of converter smelting, helped improving yield of alloy, shortens the heat, reduced production costs.
The dual-purpose top and bottom combined blown converter carries out preliminary decarburization and cr yield and alloying (being called for short K-OBM-S)
Molten iron after a takes off desiliconization and dephosphorization and desulfurization three is poured top and bottom combined blown converter into and is carried out preliminary decarburization and cr yield and alloying, top and bottom combined blown converter the composition (weight percentage) of going into the stove molten iron is required be
C 3.4-4.5(％) Si ≤0.20(％)
P ≤0.025(％) S ≤0.030(％)
Mn≤0.05 bath temperature 〉=1350 ℃.
B adds alloy in the molten bath
C adopts molten iron oxygen supply (the maximum top oxygen supply intensity 220Nm of top oxygen rifle high strength in top and bottom combined blown converter
3/ min) carry out decarburization and cr yield, in stove, supply argon gas or nitrogen at equally distributed 5 blow guns at the bottom of the top and bottom combined blown converter simultaneously.Can under the situation that does not increase the chromium oxidation, improve decarbonization rate, shorten the heat.By setting the height of top gun gun bit, the ratio of control CO secondary combustion is regulated the thermal equilibrium in the converter, and for avoiding the chromium oxidation, the temperature in molten bath is controlled at 1650～1710 ℃ in the top and bottom combined blown converter.The big (〉=40Nm of furnace bottom air supply intensity
3/ min), stirring strongly in the molten bath, composition is evenly fast, and reacting dynamics condition is good.Reduce P to molten bath bottom blowing argon gas or nitrogen dilution CO simultaneously
CO, realized at a lower temperature decarburization rapidly and do not caused a large amount of oxidations of chromium, thereby solved the contradiction of " decarburization " and " guarantor's chromium " preferably.K-OBM-S converter smelting stainless steel art makes P in the gas phase by the bottom blowing rare gas element just
COReduce the carrying out that promotes decarburizing reaction, reduce temperature of reaction, reduce the oxidation of chromium, reach the purpose of " decarburization and cr yield ".Solve the quick decarburization of high-carbon raw material at high-carbon regions by top rifle high strength oxygen supply in early stage (the bottom high strength stirs simultaneously), oxygen utilization rate has improved by end oxygen supply in later stage low-carbon (LC) district ([%C]≤0.50%), is blown into N by the bottom tuyere simultaneously
2Or Ar, dilute in the steel and P in the furnace gas
CODividing potential drop reaches the oxidation purpose that promotes decarburization and reduce Cr, in addition bottom blowing N
2Or the vital role of Ar provides the cooling protection to the bottom blowing tuyere.
After the temperature in molten bath reaches 1630 ℃, add slag former, slag former has lime, fluorite and calcined magnesite ball.
The equilibrium relationship of carbon, chromium selective oxidation is in the top and bottom combined blown converter:
Temperature through measuring molten iron and get the molten iron chemical examination after, after the main chemical compositions of the molten iron after the top and bottom combined blown converter decarburization (weight percentage) reaches following requirement, pour ladle into
C ≤0.25(％) Si ≤0.1(％)
P 0.025(％) S ≤0.015(％)
Mn ≤0.12(％) Cr≥10(％)
1650 ℃-1700 ℃ of bath temperatures.
Three ladles that will pour molten iron into are delivered to the Argon station, and the argon blowing lance at the bottom of the ladle is connected logical with tunger tube, be blown into argon gas, the molten iron in the ladle is stirred the strand of coming out of the stove by argon gas.In case of necessity, the molten iron after the Argon is poured into the LF ladle refining furnace be incubated, the strand of coming out of the stove.
Main points are to arrive at a station that the above space of liquid level is 1200～1400mm in the molten steel ladle; After finishing the thermometric sampling, regulate BOTTOM ARGON BLOWING, molten steel stirs place's diameter greater than 300mm, and molten steel rolls and acutely can not send.
Four continuous castings
The molten steel of molten steel after the Argon or LF ladle refining furnace with the compatible continuous caster of the square slab of Italian Danieli Off Mecc, is cast square billet or slab.The continuously cast bloom specification is:
Square billet 175 * 215mm and 220 * 220mm, slab (900～1320) * 180 or 220mm; Length: the maximum specified length of casting machine square billet is 3600mm, and the maximum scale of slab is 10500mm.
Protection cast in casting process, big bag is middle bag extremely: Pneumatic manipulator is controlled protective casing, and junction Ar seals protection; In wrap crystallizer: submerged nozzle protection cast.
Will change mouth of a river operation when continuous casting steel billet, change mouth of a river Ying Zaida and unwrap and water after 10 minutes and cast finishes to carry out in preceding 15 minutes, superheating temperature is controlled at 40-45 ℃.Mouth of a river storing time was greater than 60 minutes, and temperature is greater than 1000 ℃.Change the mouth of a river and finish the back and stablize 2-3 minute, begin the pulling rate that edges up, 0.05m/min at every turn, 30-40 second steady time is until normal pulling rate.Cast finishes: middle bag is for the 9-10 ton hour begins to fall pulling rate to 0.1-0.3m/min, the operation of binding.
For becoming square billet or slab by continuous casting behind the higher stainless steel blowing argon gas of carbon content.
Above-mentioned is that this is the single stage method of the method for main raw material smelting stainless steel with the molten iron.The following two step method and the difference of single stage method are when molten iron added the end, top multiple converter after desiliconization, dephosphorization and desulfurization three were taken off, and the molten steel of uhp electric arc furnace melting is also added in the multiple converter in the end, top carry out decarburization just simultaneously.When producing stainless steel with converter merely, because of cold conditions chromium, nickelalloy add-on are big, heat is difficult to balance.Steel company adopts and add coke realization thermal equilibrium in smelting process in the Taiwan, causes smelting cycle to prolong, and does not match with continuous casting, has restricted production application.30 tons of 20000KW uhp electric arc furnaces are set for this reason, in order to the fusing solid alloy.Alloy liquid is blended in the hot metal ladle behind pretreatment dephosphorizing and mixes, and the converter of packing into is in the lump smelted again, helps shortening smelting cycle, realizes and the matched well of other operation.
The pre-liquation of uhp electric arc furnace
Technical process: batching → charging → melting → tapping.
The a batching
The major metal material constitutes
(1) steel scrap: carbon element steel scrap, stainless steel steel scrap returns
(2) iron alloy is comprising high carbon ferro-chrome, medium carbon ferrochrome, low carbon ferrochromium, plate, nickel beans, ferronickel, ambrose alloy, high carbon ferromanganese, mid-carbon fe-mn, low carbon ferromanganese, ferrosilicon such as FeSi75.
B adds c melting in the uhp electric arc furnace with above-mentioned materials
No home scrap 50 minutes with addition of home scrap 45 minutes, is complementary with concerned process steps.The thermometric sample examination, what make that the chemical ingredients (weight percentage) of molten iron reaches the multiple converter in the end, top goes into the stove requirement.
As smelt 0Cr18Ni9, during no home scrap
C 4.8-5.2(％) Si 0.1-0.2(％) P ≤0.035(％)
S ≤0.035(％) Cr 58.0-62.0(％)
When using home scrap
C 1.6-2.0(％) Si 0.1-0.2(％) P ≤0.035(％)
S ≤0.035(％) Cr 28.0-32.0(％) Ni 0～6(％)
Molten iron after d and three takes off adds top and bottom combined blown converter, behind the molten iron mixing after alloy liquation and three takes off, reach top and bottom combined blown converter to going into the requirement of stove liquid.
Above-mentioned is that this is the single stage method and the two step method of the method for main raw material smelting stainless steel with the molten iron, the following three-step approach and the difference of two step method are that molten steel after the top and bottom combined blown converter melting is after Argon, again by after the further decarburization of VOD vacuum oxygen decarburization refining furnace, the continuous casting of just tapping.What the molten steel after the top and bottom combined blown converter melting should meet the vacuum oxygen refining stove goes into the stove requirement.
The vacuum oxygen decarburization refining furnace decarburization
The VOD smelting stainless steel in vacuum oxygen decarburization refining furnace also exists the problem of decarburization and cr yield, and it is to adopt the mode that vacuumizes to reduce the CO dividing potential drop, thereby reaches the purpose of decarburization and cr yield.
Go into the control of fire bars spare and comprise composition, temperature, thick, the ladle situation of slag, table 1 is the requirement of arriving at a station of several typical steel grades:
Table 1
| Steel grade | Temperature ℃ | The thick mm of slag | C％ | Si％ | S％ | P％ | Other alloying constituents |
| 0Cr18Ni9 | ≥1590 | ≤50 | 0.20-0.30 | 0.1-0.15 | ≤0.015 | ≤0.025 | Lower limit+0.1% |
| 201Cu | ≥1590 | ≤50 | 0.15-0.25 | 0.1-0.15 | ≤0.010 | ≤0.035 | Lower limit+0.1% |
| 00Cr12Ti | ≥1600 | ≤50 | 0.35-0.40 | 0.1-0.15 | ≤0.010 | ≤0.020 | Lower limit+0.1% |
| 0Cr13 | ≥1600 | ≤50 | 0.20-0.30 | 0.1-0.15 | ≤0.015 | ≤0.025 | Lower limit+0.1% |
Composition Control: major control initial carbon and silicon, then heat-up rate is fast for initial carbon and silicon height, is beneficial to decarburization and cr yield, but too highly then prolongs the VOD treatment time, is unfavorable for organization of production; The slag making of the high increase of initial silicon simultaneously material consumes.Temperature control: the initial temperature height be beneficial to decarburization and cr yield, but the peak temperature raising increases the consumption of anti-material; The intensification pressure of anterior operation increases, to the requirement raising of equipment.The thick control of slag: the initial too thick reduction oxygen utilization rate of slag, prolong oxygen blow duration, increase the total quantity of slag of VOD.
VOD vacuum oxygen decarburization refining furnace vacuum degree control sees Table 2
Table 2
| Decarburization | Denitrogenation | ||
| Finished product carbon content (%) | Final vacuum (torr) | Finished product nitrogen (ppm) | Final vacuum (torr) |
| ≤0.04 | ≤5 | ≤100 | ≤5 |
| 0.05-0.07 | ≤10 | 100-200 | ≤10 |
| The requirement of carbon miss the mark can only be re-blow once | 200-300 | ≤20 | |
The refining of VOD vacuum oxygen decarburization refining furnace is divided into vacuum-oxygen decarbonizing, vacuum boiling decarburization, reduction and adjustment temperature composition four-stage.Mainly be vacuum-oxygen decarbonizing and vacuum boiling decarburization.
The a vacuum-oxygen decarbonizing
The oxygen decarburization process is divided into: pre-blowing, main blow, movingly blow 1, movingly blow 2, movingly blow 3, moving blowing for 4 six stages, the key in stage is the control of significant parameters such as rifle position and flow.
Under the normal circumstances, vacuum tightness, oxygen flow, oxygen lance position, blowing oxygen quantity are set according to the level two calculated value in the oxygen blast process; 6 stages of oxygen blast process see Table 3
The b oxygen blast is carried out the vacuum boiling decarburization after finishing
Vacuum degree control is less than 1torr, in this following hold-time of vacuum tightness 〉=8 minute.
Table 3
| Stage | Rifle position (mm) | Vacuum tightness (torr) |
| First blow | 1800 | 120 |
| Main blowing | 1700 | 120 |
| Move and blow 1 | 1700 | 80 |
| Move and blow 2 | 1650 | 70 |
| Move and blow 3 | 1650 | 50 |
| Move and blow 4 | 1600 | 50 |
C boiling back reduction and alloying
Use lime (or synthetic slag), fluorite (if using synthetic slag then not add fluorite) and ferrosilicon during reduction.Alloying ferrosilicon usage quantity is decided according to steel grade.Table 4, table 5 are respectively the variation of composition in the molten steel before and after the composition of 0Cr18Ni9 typical case heat (batch) number oxidation sludge and reducing slag and the decarburization.
Table 4
| Composition | TFe | FeO | SiO 2 | Al 2O 3 | CaO | MgO | MnO | S | Cr 2O 3 |
| Oxidation sludge | 2.74 | 5.45 | 19.26 | 3.42 | 19.6 | 15.44 | 0.73 | 0.020 | 23.68 |
| Reducing slag | 0.21 | 0.67 | 15.26 | 15.61 | 51.91 | 11.42 | 0 | 0.240 | 0.43 |
As can be seen from the above table, through FeO and Cr in the slag after fully reducing
2O
3Reduction ratio can reach more than 98%.
Table 5
| Composition | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni |
| Initially | 0.17 | 0.01 | 1.02 | 0.016 | 0.013 | 17.09 | 8.05 |
| After the decarburization | 0.039 | 0.01 | 0.9 | 0.02 | 0.013 | 16.48 | 7.96 |
| After the reduction | 0.041 | 0.57 | 1.31 | 0.021 | 0.002 | 17.10 | 8.01 |
The Cr recovery rate of VOD can reach 98.7% at present, and the nickel recovery rate reaches 100% substantially, and mean content of sulfur is 22ppm.
D after the main chemical compositions (weight percentage) of sample examination molten steel reaches the requirement of institute's steelmaking kind, the tapping continuous casting.
Core of the present invention is to replace steel scrap with molten iron, adopt the K-OBM-S combined blown converter slightly to refine or refining, be particularly suitable for producing high-purity ferrite stainless steel, compare with general in the world smelting at present (electric furnace+argon oxygen stove or vacuum refining furnace) stainless steel, its major advantage is as follows:
(1) raw material mix is flexible, adaptability is strong---use the molten iron ratio as 60%-100%, stainless steel steel scrap ratio as below the 0-40%, according to the supply of raw material situation, dynamically adjust the usage ratio of molten iron and steel scrap.The production efficiency height, the shortest tap to tap time, 49min, cost were low, were 85～90% of AOD two step method.
(2) initial carbon content height---go into converter initial carbon content and be generally more than 4.0%, exceed AOD and go into stove carbon content (being generally 1.5～2.0%) more than the twice.
(3) battle array character library K-OBM-S combined blown converter decarbonization rate is fast---by using technology such as top rifle and the compound distribution system of end rifle, (the maximum top oxygen supply intensity 220Nm3/min of top rifle, the maximum top oxygen supply intensity 40Nm3/min of end rifle, reacting dynamics condition is good to realize the high strength oxygen supply.Can under the situation that does not increase the chromium oxidation, improve decarbonization rate.
Randomly draw Japan, Korea S SUS304 (0Cr19Ni9) cold-reduced sheet sample from the market, the 0Cr18Ni9 cold-rolled products of producing with the applicant carry out the composition contrast and see Table 6, and the service check contrast sees Table 7.
Table 6
| Factory is other | Principal element (%) | |||||||||
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | N | Mo | Equivalence ratio | |
| The applicant | 0.050 | 0.56 | 1.26 | 0.012 | 0.003 | 17.14 | 8.08 | 0.051 | 0.01 | 1.54 |
| Japan | 0.047 | 0.49 | 1.13 | 0.024 | 0.002 | 18.10 | 8.10 | 0.036 | 0.04 | 1.61 |
| Korea S | 0.046 | 0.35 | 1.43 | 0.027 | 0.003 | 18.17 | 8.13 | 0.043 | 0.06 | 1.74 |
Table 7
| Factory is other | Rm(MPa) | A(％) | HV |
| The applicant | 661 | 59.7 | 175 |
| Japan | 680 | 59.3 | 168 |
| Korea S | 710 | 58 | 175 |
Embodiment
Describe the specific embodiment of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but the specific embodiment of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment one
Present embodiment is that three-step approach is smelted the 0Cr13 stainless steel, and its smelting steps in sequence is as follows:
One preprocessed molten iron
The a desiliconization of hot metal
With the main chemical compositions of iron-smelting blast furnace is following (weight percentage) molten iron
C 4.1(％) Si ≤0.4(％) P≤0.05(％)
S≤0.040 (%) Mn≤0.10 (%) temperature 〉=1300 ℃ 49 tons
Pour in the hot metal ladle, after skimming with slag removal machine, measure the molten iron liquid level, measure molten iron temperature, blow the spray method with pulvis, will be based on the iron scale ball of ferric oxide, send in the hot metal ladle with travelling belt, through ladle-to-ladle, skim, by the oxidizing reaction desiliconization of solid oxygen in the iron phosphorus or the Si in gas oxygen and the molten iron.The main chemical compositions of the molten iron after the desiliconization (weight percentage) is
C 4.0(％) Si ≤0.005(％) P 0.05(％) S 0.040(％)
Mn ≤0.10(％)
The desulfurization of b dephosphorization of molten iron
After skimming, pour into the molten iron after the desiliconization in the hot metal ladle, blow the spray method with pulvis, with main component is that the dephosphorizing agent nitrogen of lime and fluorite is that the carrier gas powder monitor sprays in the molten iron with 60Kg/min dosage, and the muzzle 300mm at the bottom of the hot metal ladle that dusts carries out chemical reaction dephosphorization and desulfurization.After the main chemical compositions of molten iron (weight percentage) reaches following requirement
C 3.9(％) Si ≤0.005(％)
P 0.005(％) S ≤0.025(％)
1300 ℃ 49 tons of Mn≤0.005 (%) temperature
Skim with slag removal machine.
The dual-purpose top and bottom combined blown converter carries out preliminary decarburization and cr yield and alloying
49 tons of molten iron after a takes off desiliconization and dephosphorization and desulfurization three are poured top and bottom combined blown converter into and are carried out preliminary decarburization and cr yield and alloying
Simultaneously be the composition of stove molten iron (weight percentage)
C 4.1(％) Si 0.5(％)
P ≤0.035(％) S ≤0.035(％)
Mn 0.1 (%) temperature 〉=1300 ℃
15 tons of common iron pour in the top and bottom combined blown converter and the even preliminary decarburization of carrying out that is mixed of three deferrization water.Hot metal composition behind the mixing (weight percentage) is
C 4(％) Si 0.05(％) P ≤0.015(％)
1300 ℃ 62 tons of S≤0.030 (%) Mn 0.05 (%) temperature.
B adds 14.15 alloys in the molten bath, the kind of adding with heavily be respectively:
1 ton of 0.15 ton of ferrosilicon of 13 tons high manganese of high-chromium alloy
C adopts the molten iron oxygen supply of top oxygen rifle high strength in top and bottom combined blown converter, top oxygen supply intensity 200Nm
3/ min carries out decarburization and cr yield, simultaneously blows and sprays in the stove for argon gas at equally distributed 5 at the bottom of the top and bottom combined blown converter.The temperature in molten bath is controlled at 1650～1710 ℃ in the top and bottom combined blown converter.Furnace bottom air supply intensity 〉=40Nm
3/ min.After the temperature in molten bath reaches 1630 ℃, add slag former, slag former has lime, fluorite and calcined magnesite ball.
Temperature through measuring molten iron and get the molten iron chemical examination after, after the main chemical compositions of the molten iron after the top and bottom combined blown converter decarburization (weight percentage) reaches following requirement, pour ladle into
C 0.25(％) Si 0.1(％) P ≤0.025(％)
S ≤0.015(％) Mn0.12(％) Cr 12.3(％)
1650 ℃ 70 tons of bath temperatures
Three ladles that will pour molten iron into are delivered to the Argon station, and the argon blowing lance at the bottom of the ladle is connected logical with tunger tube, be blown into argon gas, and the molten iron in the ladle is stirred by argon gas.
Molten iron after four Argons is poured the vacuum oxygen decarburization refining furnace decarburization into
Go into the control of fire bars spare and comprise composition, temperature, thick, the ladle situation of slag, the requirement of arriving at a station of 0Cr13 steel grade:
C 0.20-0.30(％) Si 0.1-0.15(％) P≤0.025(％)
S≤0.015 (%) temperature 〉=1600 slags are thick≤50mm.
VOD vacuum oxygen decarburization refining furnace vacuum tightness is controlled by table 2 requirement.
The pre-blowing of a vacuum-oxygen decarbonizing oxygen decarburization process, main blow, movingly blow 1, movingly blow 2, movingly blow 3, moving blowing 4 six stages, vacuum tightness, oxygen flow, oxygen lance position, a blowing oxygen quantity stage are controlled by table 3 requirement in the oxygen blast process.
The b oxygen blast is carried out the vacuum boiling decarburization after finishing
Vacuum degree control is less than 1torr, 10 minutes this following hold-times of vacuum tightness.
C boiling back reduction and alloying
Use 1 ton of ferrosilicon during reduction.
D after the main chemical compositions (weight percentage) of sample examination molten steel reaches following requirement, the tapping continuous casting.
C 0.03(％) Si 0.85(％) P 0.025(％)
S 0.004(％) Mn 0.12(％) Cr 12.3(％)
1550 ℃ 70 tons of bath temperatures.
Five continuous castings
With the square slab compatibility continuous caster of molten steel after refining, cast the square billet of 175 * 215mm with Italian Danieli Off Mecc.
Embodiment two
Present embodiment is that three-step approach is smelted the 0Cr18Ni9 stainless steel, and its smelting steps in sequence is as follows:
One preprocessed molten iron
The a desiliconization of hot metal
With the main chemical compositions of iron-smelting blast furnace is following (weight percentage) molten iron
C 4.1(％) Si ≤0.4(％) P ≤0.05(％)
S≤0.040 (%) Mn≤0.10 (%) temperature 〉=1300 ℃ 44 tons
Pour in the hot metal ladle, after skimming with slag removal machine, measure the molten iron liquid level, measure molten iron temperature, blow the spray method with pulvis, will be based on the iron scale ball of ferric oxide, send in the hot metal ladle with travelling belt, through ladle-to-ladle, skim, by the oxidizing reaction desiliconization of solid oxygen in the iron phosphorus or the Si in gas oxygen and the molten iron.The main chemical compositions of the molten iron after the desiliconization (weight percentage) is
C 4.0(％) Si ≤0.005(％) P 0.05(％)
S 0.040(％) Mn ≤0.10(％)
The desulfurization of b dephosphorization of molten iron
After skimming, pour into the molten iron after the desiliconization in the hot metal ladle, blow the spray method with pulvis, with main component is that the dephosphorizing agent nitrogen of lime and fluorite is that the carrier gas powder monitor sprays in the molten iron with 60Kg/min dosage, and the muzzle 300mm at the bottom of the hot metal ladle that dusts carries out chemical reaction dephosphorization and desulfurization.After the main chemical compositions of molten iron (weight percentage) reaches following requirement
C 3.9(％) Si ≤0.005(％) P 0.005(％)
S≤0.025 (%) Mn≤0.005 (%) temperature is skimmed with slag removal machine for 1250 ℃ 42 tons.
The pre-liquation of two uhp electric arc furnaces
A prepare burden (unit ton)
Chromium 17 home scraps 6 high-chromium alloys 3 ordinary scrap steels 1 ferrosilicon powder 0.2
Food ingredient
C 2.2(％) Si 0.8(％) P ≤0.035(％)
S ≤0.035(％) Mn 0.2(％) Cr 31(％)
B adds above-mentioned materials in the uhp electric arc furnace
C melting 45 minutes is complementary with concerned process steps.
The thermometric sample examination makes the main chemical compositions (weight percentage) of molten iron reach following requirement:
C 1.8(％) Si 0.1(％) P ≤0.035(％)
S ≤0.035(％) Cr 30(％) Mn 0.1(％)
9.5 16500 ℃ of ton temperature.
Three usefulness top and bottom combined blown converters carry out preliminary decarburization and cr yield and alloying, are complementary with concerned process steps.
42 tons of molten iron and 9.5 tons of pre-liquations of uhp electric arc furnace after a takes off desiliconization and dephosphorization and desulfurization three are poured top and bottom combined blown converter simultaneously into, are mixed into main component (weight percentage) and are following molten iron
C 3.5(％) Si 0.05(％) P ≤0.015(％) S ≤0.025(％)
1300 ℃ 51 tons of Mn 0.05 (%) Cr 5 (%) temperature
B adds 22.6 tons of alloys in the molten bath, the kind of adding with heavily be respectively:
5.6 tons of 1.8 tons of nickel plates of high-chromium alloy 1.2 tons of ferrosilicon of 14 tons high manganese
C adopts the molten iron oxygen supply of top oxygen rifle high strength in top and bottom combined blown converter, top oxygen supply intensity 200Nm
3/ min carries out decarburization and cr yield, simultaneously blows and sprays in the stove for argon gas at equally distributed 5 at the bottom of the top and bottom combined blown converter.The temperature in molten bath is controlled at 1650～1710 ℃ in the top and bottom combined blown converter.Furnace bottom air supply intensity 〉=40Nm
3/ min.After the temperature in molten bath reaches 1630 ℃, add slag former, slag former has lime, fluorite and calcined magnesite ball.
Temperature through measuring molten iron and get the molten iron chemical examination after, after the main chemical compositions of the molten iron after the top and bottom combined blown converter decarburization (weight percentage) reaches following requirement, pour ladle into
C 0.25(％) Si 0.1(％) P ≤0.025(％)
S≤0.015(％) Mn 1.2(％) Cr 17.2(％)
1650 ℃ 70 tons of Ni 8.5 (%) bath temperatures.
Four ladles that will pour molten iron into are delivered to the Argon station, and the argon blowing lance at the bottom of the ladle is connected logical with tunger tube, be blown into argon gas, and the molten iron in the ladle is stirred by argon gas.
Molten iron after five Argons is poured the decarburization of VOD vacuum oxygen decarburization refining furnace into
VOD vacuum oxygen decarburization refining furnace vacuum tightness is controlled by table 2 requirement.
The pre-blowing of a vacuum-oxygen decarbonizing oxygen decarburization process, main blow, movingly blow 1, movingly blow 2, movingly blow 3, moving blowing 4 six stages, vacuum tightness, oxygen flow, oxygen lance position, a blowing oxygen quantity stage are controlled by table 3 requirement in the oxygen blast process.
The b oxygen blast is carried out the vacuum boiling decarburization after finishing
Vacuum degree control is less than 1torr, 10 minutes this following hold-times of vacuum tightness.
Use the aluminium of 1 ton of ferrosilicon and 0.04 ton when c boiling back reduction and alloying reduction.
D after the main chemical compositions (weight percentage) of sample examination molten steel reaches following requirement, the tapping continuous casting.
C 0.04(％) Si 0.45(％) P 0.025(％)
S 0.004(％) Mn 1.2(％) Cr 17.2(％)
1550 ℃ 70 tons of Ni 8.05 (%) bath temperatures.
Five continuous castings
With the square slab compatibility continuous caster of molten steel after refining, cast the slab of 900 * 180mm with Italian Danieli Off Mecc.
Explain
VOD: the vacuum-oxygen decarbonizing refinery practice, develop by Witten, Germany company.This purifying method can be added alloy and be carried out operation such as thermometric under vacuum, be mainly used in the refining stainless steel.Be characterized in top oxygen blast under reduced pressure, stir from bottom porous plug Argon simultaneously, reduce the CO dividing potential drop, quicken reaction between carbon and oxygen.VOD is 3 initials of English Vacuum Oxygen Decarburization.
LF: ladle refining furnace, by the exploitation in 1971 of Japanese special steel company, can handle various special steels, be characterized in electric-arc heating, add that synthetic slag is washed and Argon.LF is 2 initials of Ladle Furnace.
The K-OBM-S top and bottom combined blown converter
Claims (4)
1, a kind of is the method for main raw material smelting stainless steel with the molten iron, and its steps in sequence is as follows:
One preprocessed molten iron
The a desiliconization of hot metal
With the main chemical compositions of iron-smelting blast furnace is following (weight percentage) molten iron
C 4.0-8.0(％) Si 0.5-0.7(％) P 0.05-0.07(％)
S≤0.040(％) Mn≤0.10(％)
Pour in the hot metal ladle, after skimming with slag removal machine, measure the molten iron liquid level, measure molten iron temperature, blow the spray method with pulvis, to send in the hot metal ladle with travelling belt based on the iron scale ball of ferric oxide, or be that main iron scale powder blows the spray method with pulvis in order to ferric oxide, spray in the molten iron for the carrier gas powder monitor with nitrogen, through ladle-to-ladle, skim, carry out the chemical reaction desiliconization, the chemical ingredients (weight percentage) of molten iron is reached
C 4.0(％) Si≤0.005(％) P 0.05-0.07(％)
S≤0.040(％) Mn≤0.10(％)
The desulfurization of b dephosphorization of molten iron
After skimming, pour into the molten iron after the desiliconization in the hot metal ladle, blow the spray method with pulvis, with main component is that the dephosphorizing agent nitrogen of lime and fluorite is that the carrier gas powder monitor sprays in the molten iron with 30-90Kg/min dosage, muzzle 300mm at the bottom of the hot metal ladle dusts, carry out chemical reaction dephosphorization and desulfurization, after the chemical ingredients of molten iron (weight percentage) reaches following requirement
C 3.8-4.5(％) Si≤0.005(％)
P 0.013(％) S≤0.025(％) Mn≤0.05(％)
Skim with slag removal machine;
The dual-purpose top and bottom combined blown converter carries out preliminary decarburization and cr yield and alloying
Molten iron after a takes off desiliconization and dephosphorization and desulfurization three is poured top and bottom combined blown converter into and is carried out preliminary decarburization and cr yield and alloying,
B adds alloy in the molten bath
C adopts the molten iron oxygen supply of top oxygen rifle high strength in top and bottom combined blown converter, supplies argon gas or nitrogen at the equally distributed blow gun at the bottom of the top and bottom combined blown converter in stove simultaneously, and the temperature in molten bath is controlled at 1650～1710 ℃; After the temperature in molten bath reaches 1630 ℃, add slag former;
Temperature through measuring molten iron and get the molten iron chemical examination after, after the chemical ingredients of the molten iron after the top and bottom combined blown converter decarburization (weight percentage) reaches following requirement, pour ladle into
C≤0.25(％) Si≤0.1(％)
P 0.025(％) S≤0.015(％)
Mn≤0.12(％) Cr≥10(％)；
1650 ℃-1700 ℃ of bath temperatures.
Three ladles that will pour molten iron into are delivered to the Argon station, and the argon blowing lance at the bottom of the ladle is connected logical with tunger tube, be blown into argon gas, and the molten iron in the ladle is stirred by argon gas;
Four continuous castings
The square slab compatibility continuous caster of the molten steel after the Argon with Italian Danieli Off Mecc, cast square billet or slab, or the molten steel after the Argon is poured into the LF ladle refining furnace be incubated the strand of coming out of the stove, or after the molten iron after the Argon poured into VOD vacuum oxygen decarburization refining furnace refining decarburization, the strand of coming out of the stove.
2, according to claim 1 is the method for main raw material smelting stainless steel with the molten iron, it is characterized in that: when the molten iron after desiliconization and dephosphorization and desulfurization is poured top and bottom combined blown converter into and carried out preliminary decarburization and cr yield and alloying, join the pre-alloy liquation of uhp electric arc furnace in addition of top and bottom combined blown converter, hot metal composition (weight percentage) requirement behind the molten iron mixing after alloy liquation and desiliconization and dephosphorization and the desulfurization is
C 3.4-4.5(％) Si≤0.20(％)
P≤0.025(％) S≤0.030(％) Mn≤0.05。
3, according to claim 2 is the method for main raw material smelting stainless steel with the molten iron, it is characterized in that: the technical process of the pre-liquation of uhp electric arc furnace is followed successively by
Batching → charging → melting → tapping
Wherein prepare burden
The major metal material constitutes
(1) steel scrap: carbon element steel scrap, stainless steel steel scrap returns
(2) iron alloy is comprising high carbon ferro-chrome, medium carbon ferrochrome, low carbon ferrochromium, plate, nickel beans, ferronickel, ambrose alloy, high carbon ferromanganese, mid-carbon fe-mn, low carbon ferromanganese, ferrosilicon.
4, according to claim 1,2 or 3 described be the method for main raw material smelting stainless steel with the molten iron, it is characterized in that: after the chemical ingredients of the molten steel after the top and bottom combined blown converter melting (weight %) reaches following table and requires, after the following requirement,
Steel grade Temperature ℃ The thick mm of slag C％ Si％ S％ P％ Other alloying constituents
0Cr18Ni9 ≥1590 ≤50 0.20-0.30 0.1-0.15 ≤0.015 ≤0.025 Lower limit+0.1%
201Cu ≥1590 ≤50 0.15-0.25 0.1-0.15 ≤0.010 ≤0.035 Lower limit+0.1%
00Cr12Ti ≥1600 ≤50 0.35-0.40 0.1-0.15 ≤0.010 ≤0.020 Lower limit+0.1%
0Cr13 ≥1600 ≤50 0.20-0.30 0.1-0.15 ≤0.015 ≤0.025 Lower limit+0.1%
Behind blowing argon gas, pour the VOD vacuum oxygen decarburization refining furnace again into, again by the decarburization of VOD vacuum oxygen decarburization refining furnace, reach institute's steelmaking kind requirement after, the continuous casting of just coming out of the stove,
During the refining of VOD vacuum oxygen decarburization refining furnace, vacuum tightness requires control according to following table
Decarburization Denitrogenation
Finished product carbon content (%) Final vacuum (torr) Finished product nitrogen (ppm) Final vacuum (torr)
≤0.04 ≤5 ≤100 ≤5
0.05-0.07 ≤10 100-200 ≤10
The requirement of carbon miss the mark can only be re-blow once 200-300 ≤20
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