CN110938726A - Method for smelting low-phosphorus molten steel by converter - Google Patents
Method for smelting low-phosphorus molten steel by converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN110938726A CN110938726A CN201811105914.9A CN201811105914A CN110938726A CN 110938726 A CN110938726 A CN 110938726A CN 201811105914 A CN201811105914 A CN 201811105914A CN 110938726 A CN110938726 A CN 110938726A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
- C21C5/35—Blowing from above and through the bath
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/36—Processes yielding slags of special composition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/068—Decarburising
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for smelting low-phosphorus molten steel by a converter, which mainly solves the technical problem of high production cost when the low-phosphorus molten steel is produced by a converter 'slag remaining + double slag' smelting process in the prior art. The invention provides a method for smelting low-phosphorus molten steel by a converter, which comprises the following steps: adding metal main materials into a converter, and performing top-bottom composite smelting by using the converter; desilicication and dephosphorization are carried out by blowing in a converter; deslagging after the desiliconization and dephosphorization period of the converter is finished; blowing and decarbonizing in a converter; controlling the smelting end point of the converter, and tapping after the converter finishes blowing; slag is left in the converter; and (4) splashing slag and protecting the converter. The dephosphorization rate of the converter in the desiliconization and dephosphorization period is more than or equal to 70 percent, and the w [ P ] in the chemical composition of the molten steel tapped from the converter is less than or equal to 0.0080 percent; the cost of smelting low-phosphorus molten steel by the converter is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for smelting molten steel by a converter, in particular to a method for smelting low-phosphorus molten steel by a converter, and specifically relates to a method for smelting low-phosphorus molten steel by controlling the phase of converter slag, belonging to the technical field of steel smelting and continuous casting.
Background
Phosphorus is generally considered as a harmful element in steel, and is easy to segregate in grain boundaries to cause cold brittleness of the steel, so that the low-temperature toughness of the steel is remarkably reduced. And along with the higher and higher requirements of users on the quality of steel, the requirements on the phosphorus content in steel are also more and more strict, and the reduction of the phosphorus content in steel becomes an important link in the production of low-phosphorus and ultra-low-phosphorus steel products (such as 9Ni steel and the like) with high added values.
At present, the dephosphorization method with low auxiliary material consumption in the converter steelmaking process at home and abroad mainly comprises two methods: the method is a converter duplex dephosphorization method, which is also developed by japan iron and steel enterprises in the late 20 th century 80 years, for example, japanese patent JP63195210A, the method adopts two converters for smelting, the first converter is used for dephosphorization, the second converter is used for decarburization treatment of the dephosphorized molten iron, as the method still needs to pour the molten iron from one converter to the other converter, a large heat loss is caused, and an additional dephosphorization converter needs to be added, so that a certain difficulty is brought to the production organization while the investment is increased, and the method is only applied to a small number of iron and steel enterprises in china due to the limitation of the number of converters and the low phosphorus steel proportion of some steel plants. Another method is to use the same Converter to realize dephosphorization and decarburization, such as the "slag remaining + double slag" smelting process of the MURC (Multi-refining Converter) process of the Nippon Nissan iron company, and the process flow is as follows: adding scrap steel, adding molten iron → desiliconizing in a converter, dephosphorizing → discharging the dephosphorization slag at the early stage → blowing decarburization and heating → tapping in the converter → remaining slag. Wherein, it is the key to obtain high dephosphorization rate in the desiliconization and dephosphorization period, and the commonly adopted method comprises the following steps: (1) prolonging the dephosphorization period, for example, the dephosphorization period in the Chinese patent CN102618689A is 7-10 min; (2) adjusting the operation of the oxygen lance to improve the dephosphorization rate, such as Chinese patents CN102776314A and CN 103243192A.
Aiming at the phosphorus content in the molten iron of 0.10-0.14%, some steel enterprises adopt a process scheme of pretreating the molten iron to carry out composite powder injection desulphurization, and do not carry out desiliconization and dephosphorization on the molten iron; meanwhile, the equipment of the converter can not meet the requirement of dephosphorization by a converter duplex method and the requirement of smelting low-phosphorus molten steel by the converter.
In the prior art, in the smelting process of 'slag remaining + double slag' of a single converter, the dephosphorization rate in the desiliconization and dephosphorization periods of the converter is generally lower than 60%, when steel grades with the phosphorus content lower than 0.010% are produced, auxiliary materials of the converter are consumed relatively high, and the problem that the phosphorus content in molten steel at the smelting end point of the converter is relatively high exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for smelting low-phosphorus molten steel by a converter, which mainly solves the technical problem of high production cost when the low-phosphorus molten steel is produced by a converter 'slag remaining + double slag' smelting process in the prior art.
The low-phosphorus molten steel of the invention is the molten steel tapped from the converter, and the w [ P ] in the chemical components is less than or equal to 0.0080%.
The technical idea of the invention is to control the rapid slagging in the desiliconization and dephosphorization periods and the proportion of liquid phase and solid phase in the slag through the 'slag remaining + double slag' smelting process of the converter. On one hand, the liquid phase in the slag is utilized to improve the fluidity of the slag and accelerate the dephosphorization reaction rate of a slag-gold interface; on the other hand, the solid phase in the slag is mainly 2 CaO. SiO2Phase with the dephosphorized product 3 CaO. P2O5The solid solution is formed by the reaction, the content of phosphorus in liquid-phase slag is reduced, the dephosphorization reaction is accelerated, the dephosphorization rate in the desiliconization and dephosphorization period reaches more than 70%, the high-efficiency dephosphorization in the desiliconization and dephosphorization period is realized, the dephosphorization pressure in the decarburization period is greatly reduced, and the auxiliary material consumption of the converter and the phosphorus content of molten steel are reduced.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the method for smelting the low-phosphorus molten steel by the converter comprises the following steps:
1) adding metal main materials into a converter, and performing top-bottom composite smelting by using the converter, wherein the weight percentage of the raw materials of the added metal main materials is 75-95% of molten iron, and the balance is light scrap steel; the w [ P ] in the chemical composition of molten iron is less than or equal to 0.14 percent;
2) desiliconizing and dephosphorizing in converter blowing, the quicklime consumption in desiliconizing and dephosphorizing period of converter is determined by the slag amount and the silicon content in molten iron, the oxygen supply amount in desiliconizing and dephosphorizing period of converter is 25% -30% of the total oxygen supply amount in smelting heat, and oxygen is suppliedThe strength is controlled to be 2.7-3.5 Nm3V (min ton steel); the gun position control in the desiliconization and dephosphorization periods of the converter is as follows: the reference gun position → the low gun position → the high gun position, the reference gun position is adopted first, and the oxygen blowing amount is controlled to be 4-6% of the total oxygen supply amount by mass percent; then, adopting a low lance position, adding a slag former in the desiliconization and dephosphorization periods of the converter, and controlling the oxygen blowing amount to be 18-22% of the total oxygen supply mass percentage; finally, adopting a high lance position, and controlling the oxygen blowing amount to be 4-6% of the total oxygen supply amount by mass percent; the binary alkalinity of the converter desiliconization and dephosphorization slag is 1.2-1.8, the mass percentage of FeO in the converter desiliconization and dephosphorization slag is 10-25%, and the slag temperature is 1350-1400 ℃;
3) deslagging after the desiliconization and dephosphorization period of the converter is finished, controlling the deslagging rate to be 50% -70%, and obtaining semisteel molten steel after deslagging is finished;
4) the converter blows and decarbonizes, the oxygen supply amount in the decarbonization period of the converter is 70 to 75 percent of the total oxygen supply amount of the smelting heat, and the oxygen supply intensity is controlled to be 3.0 to 4.0Nm3V (min ton steel); the lance position control in the converter decarburization period is as follows: the high lance position → the reference lance position → the low lance position, the high lance position is adopted firstly to strengthen slag melting, and the oxygen blowing amount is controlled to be 30-35% of the total oxygen supply amount by mass percent; then, a reference gun position is adopted, and the oxygen blowing amount is controlled to be 28-33% of the total oxygen supply amount by mass percent; finally, adopting a low lance position to strengthen stirring, and controlling the oxygen blowing amount to be 5-9% of the total oxygen supply amount by mass percent; adding 5-20 kg of quicklime per ton of steel, and adding 5-10 kg of light-burned magnesium balls per ton of steel; the binary alkalinity of the converter smelting end-point slag is 3.0-4.5, and the MgO mass fraction in the slag is 8.0% -11.0%;
5) controlling the smelting end point of the converter, sampling and detecting the W [ C ] and the molten steel temperature in the molten steel at the blowing end point of the converter, finishing the blowing of the converter when detecting that the W [ C ] in the molten steel at the blowing end point of the converter is less than or equal to 0.08 percent and the molten steel temperature at the blowing end point of the converter is 1620-1650 ℃, immediately tapping after finishing the blowing of the converter, and tapping after finishing the blowing of the converter;
6) slag is retained in the converter, and the slag is retained in the converter after the steel is discharged from the converter, wherein the slag retaining amount is 30-60 kg/ton of steel;
7) and (4) converter splashing slag protection, wherein converter splashing slag protection is carried out on converter remaining slag, and the operation time of converter splashing slag protection is 2.5-4.5 min.
Repeating the steps of the invention and starting the smelting of the next furnace of molten steel.
When the converter is used for desiliconizing and dephosphorizing and blowing, the addition amount of the quicklime is as follows: max [ (35.5W)1-0.31W2),0]In kg/ton steel, W1Is the weight percentage content of silicon element in molten iron, W2The unit is kg/ton steel for the amount of slag left.
When the converter is used for blowing in the desiliconization and dephosphorization periods, the chemical components of the slagging agent in the desiliconization and dephosphorization periods of the converter are as follows by weight percent: al (Al)2O360％～70％、SiO220％～25％、CaO 0～10％、MgO 0～6％、TiO20 to 3% and H21-6% of O, and 3-7 kg of slag former in the converter desiliconization and dephosphorization period per ton of steel.
The low gun position of the invention is as follows: h0+H00.05-0.10, the benchmark rifle position is: h0+H00.12-0.18, the high lance position is: h0+H0*(0.20～0.45)，H0Is the height of the molten steel surface in the converter.
The technical scheme of the invention is based on the following research tests of the applicant: the smelting process of 'remaining slag and double slag' of a converter is adopted, the converter end slag left in the last furnace is utilized, the rapid slagging in the desiliconization and dephosphorization periods is accelerated, the dosage of quicklime is determined according to the relation between the remaining slag quantity and the silicon content of molten iron, and the binary alkalinity of the slag in the desiliconization and dephosphorization periods is controlled to be 1.2-1.8, so that enough 2 CaO. SiO. is contained in the slag2The proportion of solid phase in the slag reaches 30-60 percent; but 2 CaO. SiO2After the phases are more, the melting temperature and viscosity of the slag can be increased, and the progress of the dephosphorization reaction of the slag-gold interface is influenced. Therefore, when the oxygen blowing amount in the desiliconization and dephosphorization periods reaches 4% -6%, the converter desiliconization and dephosphorization slag former is added into the converter, the melting temperature and viscosity of the slag are reduced, the fluidity of the slag is improved, and meanwhile, the dephosphorization reaction rate of a slag-gold interface is further enhanced by adopting low lance position operation. The phosphorus in the molten steel is gradually transferred into the liquid-phase slag, the phosphorus content in the molten steel is reduced, and the phosphorus content in the liquid-phase slag is increased.Because the slag contains enough 2CaO SiO2Phase with the dephosphorized product 3 CaO. P2O5The solid solution is formed by the reaction, the content of phosphorus in liquid-phase slag is greatly reduced, the dephosphorization reaction speed of a slag-gold interface is further accelerated, the dephosphorization rate in the desiliconization and dephosphorization period is more than 70%, the high-efficiency dephosphorization in the desiliconization and dephosphorization period is realized, the dephosphorization pressure in the decarburization period is greatly reduced, and the auxiliary material consumption of the converter and the phosphorus content of molten steel are reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following positive effects: 1. the method greatly improves the dephosphorization rate in the desilication and dephosphorization period of the converter 'slag remaining + double slag' process, can greatly reduce the addition of raw and auxiliary materials while producing low-phosphorus steel, and reduces the cost for smelting low-phosphorus molten steel by the converter. 2. The dephosphorization rate of the converter in the desiliconization and dephosphorization period is more than or equal to 70 percent, and the w [ P ] in the chemical components of the molten steel tapped from the converter is less than or equal to 0.0080 percent, thereby greatly reducing the dephosphorization pressure in the decarburization period of the converter, realizing the smelting of the low-phosphorus molten steel at low cost and having good molten steel quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of slag from a converter in desiliconization and dephosphorization stages according to example 1 of the present invention at a magnification of 500.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments, which are to be understood as merely illustrative and not limitative of the scope of the present invention.
In examples 1 to 4 of the present invention, a 150-ton top-bottom combined blown converter was used to smelt X52 steel.
The slag remaining amounts of the converter in the previous heat of examples 1 to 4 of the present invention were 42 kg/ton steel, 46 kg/ton steel, 54 kg/ton steel and 45 kg/ton steel, respectively.
TABLE 1 parameters of the converter for smelting metal materials in the examples of the present invention
TABLE 2 control parameters of desiliconization and dephosphorization period in converter smelting in the embodiment of the invention
TABLE 3 control parameters at the early stage of converter smelting according to the embodiments of the present invention
TABLE 4 decarburization period control parameters in converter smelting according to the embodiment of the present invention
TABLE 5 converter smelting index and end-point molten steel control parameters of the examples of the present invention
The method realizes the high-efficiency dephosphorization in the desiliconization and dephosphorization periods, simultaneously reduces the dephosphorization pressure in the decarburization period, and reduces the auxiliary material consumption of the converter and the phosphorus content of the molten steel at the end point of the converter, for example, in the examples 1-4, the dephosphorization rate in the desiliconization and dephosphorization periods in the converter smelting is more than 70%, and the consumption of lime in the converter smelting per ton of steel is respectively 14.2kg, 12.8kg, 26.8kg and 23.8 kg. The consumption of the converter ton steel magnesium balls is 6.8kg, 5.2kg, 8.3kg and 8.2kg respectively. The phosphorus content of the molten steel at the end point of the converter is 0.0061%, 0.0071%, 0.0072% and 0.0066%, respectively. Under the condition of lower consumption of converter auxiliary materials, the phosphorus content of molten steel tapped from the converter can be well controlled to be not more than 0.008 percent, and the low-cost smelting of the converter low-phosphorus steel is realized.
The converter desiliconization and dephosphorization slag obtained by the method of the invention is shown in figure 1, and the phases of the converter desiliconization and dephosphorization slag are 3 colors, black, white and dark gray; wherein the black phase is 2 CaO. SiO2And dephosphorized product 3 CaO. P2O5Forming a solid solution phase; white phase mainlyThe alloy contains Fe, Mg and O, does not contain other elements such as P, Ca and the like, and is combined with EDS data analysis to judge that a white area is an FeO phase; the dark gray phase mainly contains Ca, Si, Fe, O and other elements, and is judged as liquid phase slag. Wherein the content of phosphorus in the black phase is ten times to several tens times the content of phosphorus in the other phases.
In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may have other embodiments. All technical solutions formed by adopting equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for smelting low-phosphorus molten steel by a converter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) adding metal main materials into a converter, and performing top-bottom composite smelting by using the converter, wherein the weight percentage of the raw materials of the added metal main materials is 75-95% of molten iron, and the balance is light scrap steel; the w [ P ] in the chemical composition of molten iron is less than or equal to 0.14 percent;
2) desiliconizing and dephosphorizing in converter blowing, the quicklime usage in desiliconizing and dephosphorizing period of the converter is determined by the amount of the retained slag and the silicon content in molten iron, the oxygen supply amount in desiliconizing and dephosphorizing period of the converter is 25% -30% of the total oxygen supply amount in smelting heat, and the oxygen supply intensity is controlled to be 2.7-3.5 Nm3V (min ton steel); the gun position control in the desiliconization and dephosphorization periods of the converter is as follows: the reference gun position → the low gun position → the high gun position, the low gun position is: h0+H00.05-0.10, the benchmark rifle position is: h0+H00.12-0.18, the high lance position is: h0+H0*(0.20～0.45)，H0The height of the molten steel surface in the converter is; firstly, adopting a reference gun position, and controlling the oxygen blowing amount to be 4-6% of the total oxygen supply amount by mass percent; then, adopting a low lance position, adding a slag former in the desiliconization and dephosphorization periods of the converter, and controlling the oxygen blowing amount to be 18-22% of the total oxygen supply mass percentage; finally, adopting a high lance position, and controlling the oxygen blowing amount to be 4-6% of the total oxygen supply amount by mass percent; the binary alkalinity of the converter desiliconization and dephosphorization slag is 1.2-1.8, the mass percentage of FeO in the converter desiliconization and dephosphorization slag is 10-25%, and the slag temperature is 1350-1400 ℃;
3) deslagging after the desiliconization and dephosphorization period of the converter is finished, controlling the deslagging rate to be 50% -70%, and obtaining semisteel molten steel after deslagging is finished;
4) the converter blows and decarbonizes, the oxygen supply amount in the decarbonization period of the converter is 70 to 75 percent of the total oxygen supply amount of the smelting heat, and the oxygen supply intensity is controlled to be 3.0 to 4.0Nm3V (min ton steel); the lance position control in the converter decarburization period is as follows: high gun position → reference gun position → low gun position, the low gun position is: h0+H00.05-0.10, the benchmark rifle position is: h0+H00.12-0.18, the high lance position is: h0+H0*(0.20～0.45)，H0The height of the molten steel surface in the converter is; firstly, adopting a high lance position, and controlling the oxygen blowing amount to be 30-35% of the total oxygen supply amount by mass percent; then, a reference gun position is adopted, and the oxygen blowing amount is controlled to be 28-33% of the total oxygen supply amount by mass percent; finally, adopting a low lance position, and controlling the oxygen blowing amount to be 5-9% of the total oxygen supply amount by mass percent; adding 5-20 kg of quicklime per ton of steel, and adding 5-10 kg of light-burned magnesium balls per ton of steel; the binary alkalinity of the converter smelting end-point slag is 3.0-4.5, and the MgO mass fraction in the slag is 8.0% -11.0%;
5) controlling the smelting end point of the converter, sampling and detecting the W [ C ] and the molten steel temperature in the molten steel at the blowing end point of the converter, finishing the blowing of the converter when detecting that the W [ C ] in the molten steel at the blowing end point of the converter is less than or equal to 0.08 percent and the molten steel temperature at the blowing end point of the converter is 1620-1650 ℃, immediately tapping after finishing the blowing of the converter, and tapping after finishing the blowing of the converter;
6) slag is retained in the converter, and the slag is retained in the converter after the steel is discharged from the converter, wherein the slag retaining amount is 30-60 kg/ton of steel;
7) and (4) converter splashing slag protection, wherein converter splashing slag protection is carried out on converter remaining slag, and the operation time of converter splashing slag protection is 2.5-4.5 min.
2. The method for smelting low-phosphorus molten steel in a converter according to claim 1, wherein the amount of quicklime added during desiliconization and dephosphorization in the converter is as follows: max [ (35.5W)1-0.31W2),0]In kg/ton steel, W1Is the weight percentage content of silicon element in molten iron, W2The unit is kg/ton steel for the amount of slag left.
3. The method for smelting low-phosphorus molten steel by using the converter as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the converter is used for desiliconizing and blowing in the dephosphorization stage, the chemical components of the slagging agent in the desiliconizing and dephosphorization stage of the converter are as follows by weight percent: al (Al)2O360％～70％、SiO220％～25％、CaO 0～10％、MgO 0～6％、TiO20 to 3% and H21-6% of O, and 3-7 kg of slag former in the converter desiliconization and dephosphorization period per ton of steel.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112708717A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-27 | 阳春新钢铁有限责任公司 | Method for smelting low-phosphorus molten steel by single-converter duplex method |
| CN112779378A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-05-11 | 阳春新钢铁有限责任公司 | Low-iron-consumption duplex less-slag smelting method for single converter |
| CN112877496A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-06-01 | 安徽工业大学 | Method for realizing efficient dephosphorization in dephosphorization period by controlling phase of slagging process |
| CN113025773A (en) * | 2021-02-22 | 2021-06-25 | 河钢股份有限公司承德分公司 | Dephosphorization method for semisteel steelmaking |
| CN113234887A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-08-10 | 攀钢集团研究院有限公司 | Slag regulating agent for washing furnace bottom and use method thereof |
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| CN106148630A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2016-11-23 | 上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of method of converter smelting low-phosphorous low-sulfur molten steel |
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