CN103002889B - Sn‑2‑单酰基甘油和脂质吸收不良 - Google Patents
Sn‑2‑单酰基甘油和脂质吸收不良 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明概括而言涉及脂质的领域,具体而言旨在改善脂质吸收,例如在脂质消化不良或吸收不良的情况下改善脂质吸收。本发明的一个实施方案涉及包含sn‑2单酰基甘油衍生物(其中sn‑1和sn‑3位被保护基阻断)的组合物。所述酰基可以是脂肪酸,例如具有抗炎特性的脂肪酸。
Description
本发明概括而言涉及脂质的领域,具体而言旨在改善脂质吸收,例如在脂质吸收不良的情况下改善脂质吸收。本发明的一个实施方案涉及包含sn-2单酰基甘油衍生物(其中sn-1和sn-3位被保护基阻断)的组合物。所述酰基可以是脂肪酸,例如具有抗炎特性的脂肪酸。
在吸收不良,诸如胰腺机能不全、胆盐不足、由于肠切除或粘膜病导致的短肠的状况下,生物活性脂肪酸的递送很关键。
在这些生理状况下,消化途径受损,所述消化途径包括胰脂肪酶对膳食三酰基甘油的分解和肠内吸收所需的胶束微结构的形成。
因此,在这些状况下,具有例如抗炎特性的生物活性脂肪酸的递送很关键,因为该类型的脂肪酸可帮助降低炎性反应。
基于以前公开的现有技术(Mattson F.H.和Volpenhein R.A.(1964);HunterE.J.(2001);Hayes K.C.(2001)),可设想位于甘油酯的sn-2位的脂肪酸比sn-1或sn-3位的脂肪酸更易被身体吸收。
然而,例如在单酰基甘油(MAG)中,已知不饱和的Sn2-MAG随存储时间和/或当准备膳食时温度升高而趋于异构化,例如,产生大量较不易吸收的sn-1和sn-3MAG。
因此仅用sn-2MAG制备的用以改善脂质吸收的食品组合物将随时间丧失其优势。
对于人类,目前没有可用的膳食方案以递送必需的脂肪酸,特别是当涉及脂质消化和吸收的机制受损时如此。因此,在医院中使用胃肠外营养配制物。
在年老的伴侣动物诸如老的犬或猫中同样也没有可用的方法。
然而,需要的是甚至在脂质吸收不良的状况下允许有效摄取脂肪酸的可得到的食品组合物。
因此,本发明的目的是为本领域提供允许大量摄取脂肪酸、例如具有抗炎特性的脂肪酸(诸如EPA)的最佳的甘油酯结构,特别是在吸收不良的状况下允许大量摄取脂肪酸、例如具有抗炎特性的脂肪酸(诸如EPA)。
本发明人惊讶地发现能通过独立权利要求的主题达到该目的。从属权利要求定义了本发明进一步的实施方案。
本发明人发现通过使用其中的sn-1和sn-3位被保护基阻断的sn-2单酰基甘油衍生物可显著改善脂肪酸吸收。
不希望理论束缚,本发明人现在相信通过阻断Sn-2MAG的sn-1和sn-3位可避免异构化,且能够提供100%的吸收更好的sn-2MAG。重要地是,所述改善的吸收性随存储时间继续保持并且经得起温度增加。
因此,本发明涉及使用sn-2MAG和MAG衍生物(参见图1)递送来生物活性脂肪酸诸如二十碳五烯酸(EPA),例如,在脂质吸收不良的状况下递送。
MAG在吸收前不需要消化,且具有固有的乳化性质,这使得油滴在肠内吸收之前有良好的分散性。此外,MAG比游离脂肪酸更好被吸收。
本发明人在脂质吸收不良动物模型中检验了他们的构思。使用奥利司他(一种公知的胰和胃脂肪酶抑制剂)获得了脂质消化不良/吸收不良的状况。用主要含二十碳五烯酸(EPA)长链多不饱和脂肪酸(LC-PUFA)补充剂饲喂动物。将鱼油用作三酰基甘油的来源,并评价了不同的EPA甘油酯,例如图1的那些。在不同的时间间隔评价了红细胞脂质和血脂的脂肪酸分布特性(profile)。在实验的结尾,测定了不同组织的脂肪酸分布特性。统计学评价显示使用奥利司他减少了进入红细胞中的EPA。发现接受本发明的MAG衍生物的动物的红细胞中所纳入的例如EPA的水平显著高于施用具有sn-1、sn-2和sn-3位的EPA的混合物的鱼油的情况。这清楚地证实了,例如在脂质吸收不良的状况中,以三酰基甘油形式提供的LC-PUFA的进入(incorporation)减少。然而,如果以本发明的MAG衍生物形式提供LC-PUFA,则在脂质吸收不良的状况中进入组织中的水平未发生改变。
因此,本发明的一个实施方案是包含sn-2单酰基甘油衍生物的组合物,其中sn-1和sn-3位被保护基阻断。
例如,所述酰基可以是任何脂肪酸。
本发明的组合物可用于提供至少一种必需脂肪酸以防止必需脂肪酸缺乏,或用于在亚油酸或α亚麻酸的延长和去饱和受损的状况中提供至少一种非必需脂肪酸(distalfattyacid),诸如花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸或二十二碳六烯酸。
例如这种状况可以是早产儿或有严重的肝功能不全的患者的情况。
所述酰基可以是具有抗炎特性的脂肪酸。所述具有抗炎特性的脂肪酸为本领域技术人员所知。
例如,具有抗炎特性脂肪酸可选自二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)、α-亚麻酸(ALA)、十八碳四烯酸(SA)、γ-亚麻酸(GLA)、二高-γ-亚麻酸(DGLA)、n-3二十二碳五烯酸(DPA)、5(Z),11(Z),14(Z)-二十碳三烯酸(sciadonic acid)和5(Z),11(Z),14(Z),17(Z)-二十碳四烯酸(juniperonic acid)。
当然,所述组合物可包含在sn-2位具有不同的脂肪酸和/或在sn-1和/或sn-3位具有不同的保护基的不同的MAG的混合物。
所述脂肪酸可以以例如使用特定的比例的n-3脂肪酸和n-6脂肪酸的方式混合。
n-3脂肪酸包括例如α-亚麻酸、十八碳四烯酸、n-3二十碳三烯酸(eicosatrienoicacid)、n-3二十碳四烯酸(eicosatetraenoic acid)、二十碳五烯酸(eicosapentaenoicacid)、鰶鱼酸、二十二碳六烯酸、n-3二十四碳五烯酸。
n-6脂肪酸包括例如亚油酸、γ-亚麻酸、n-6二十碳二烯酸、二高-γ-亚麻酸、花生四烯酸、n-6二十二碳二烯酸、肾上腺酸、n-6二十二碳五烯酸(docosapentaenoic acid)(Osbond acid)。
或者,可以将共轭脂肪酸、诸如瘤胃酸(rumenic acid)或桐油酸(calendicacid)、梓树酸(catalpic acid)或桐酸(eleostearic acid)、或非亚甲基间断的Δ5-多烯(NMIP)脂肪酸、诸如5(Z),9(Z)-十八碳二烯酸(taxoleic acid)、皮诺敛酸(pinolenicacid)、5(Z),11(Z),14(Z)-二十碳三烯酸(sciadonic acid)或5(Z),11(Z),14(Z),17(Z)-二十碳四烯酸(juniperonic acid)以一定方式混入sn-2MAG衍生物。
所述组合物可包含不同的sn-2MAG衍生物的组合;例如具有比例为约5:1至约15:1的n-3脂肪酸和n-6脂肪酸的sn-2MAG衍生物的组合;例如约8:1至约10:1。
可以使用食品可用的任何保护基。本领域的技术人员能容易地确认适合的保护基。
理想情况下所述保护基应当是无味的或具有通常感到愉悦的口味。
例如,所述保护基可选自乙酰基、乙基、丙基、香草醛或其它能形成缩醛的分子。
对于一些应用而言,如果选择的保护基,则能桥联sn-1和sn-3位的羟基的保护基可以是优选的。
当制备MAG衍生物时所述桥联作用将是有益的,因为这两个结合位点与只与一个羟基发生的结合相比将产生热力学优势。由于立体化学的原因,也几乎不存在任何的其中保护基偶然结合于sn-1(3)和sn-2而不结合于sn-1和sn-3的分子。
可基于要递送的预期益处及最终组合物的性质选择脂肪酸和保护基的多种组合。所有这些组合都包括在本发明之中。
例如,sn-2单酰基甘油衍生物可选自:
1,3-二乙酰基-2-二十碳五烯酰基甘油(eicosapentaenoylglycerol),
1,3-二乙基-2-二十碳五烯酰基甘油,
1,3-二丙基-2-二十碳五烯酰基甘油,
sn-2单二十碳五烯酰基甘油的香草醛衍生物,
单二十碳五烯酰基甘油的其它的缩醛衍生物,
或其组合。
本发明的组合物可以是任何种类的可食用组合物。如果组合物被批准用于人或动物消耗则其被认为是“可食用”的。
优选地,所述组合物为口服或肠内施用的组合物。
例如,所述组合物可选自食品、动物食品、药物组合物、营养组合物、功能食品、饮料、食品添加剂或药物。
例如,所述组合物可以是例如在医院用于肠内施用的液体营养配制物。
所述组合物还可以是用于年龄60岁以上的人施用的营养配制物。
所述组合物还可以是用于在乳或水中重新配制的粉末状组合物。
如果所述组合物以粉末形式提供,则其可以为耐贮存粉末。贮存稳定性可以例如通过提供水分活度小于0.2、例如在0.19-0.05的范围内、优选小于0.15的组合物而获得。水分活度或aw是系统中水的能量状态的度量。其被定义为水的蒸气压除以相同温度的纯水的蒸气压;因此,纯蒸馏水具有恰好为1的水分活度。
本发明的组合物的热量密度可根据患者的需求而调节。
例如,依据本发明的组合物可具有0.5kcal/ml至15kcal/ml的范围内的热量密度。
对于罹患吸收不良和/或食欲低的患者,可优选较高的热量密度。对于此类患者可使用7-12kcal/ml的范围内的热量密度。
所述组合物还可包含蛋白质源和/或碳水化合物源。优选易消化的碳水化合物和/或蛋白质。
至少部分水解的蛋白质较易消化和吸收。因此,提供至少部分水解的蛋白质(2至20%的水解度)可能是合乎需要的。如果水解的蛋白质是必需的,则水解过程可如所需要和本领域中所知的那样进行。例如,蛋白质水解物可通过在一个或多个步骤中酶法水解蛋白质级分而制备。对于深度水解的蛋白,可使用Alcalase2.4L(EC940459)、然后使用Neutrase0.5L(可从Novo Nordisk Ferment AG获得)、然后在55°C使用胰酶对蛋白质进行三重水解。
本发明组合物中的脂肪酸的量可根据患者需求而调节。
在治疗性应用中,可以以足以至少部分地治愈或阻止疾病的症状及其并发症的量施用MAG衍生物。足以实现该目的的量被定义为“治疗有效剂量”。对该目的有效的量将取决于本领域技术人员已知的多种因素、诸如疾病的严重性和患者的体重和总体状态。
在预防性应用中,将MAG衍生物以足以至少部分地降低发展为疾病的风险的量施用于易患或以其他方式处于特定的疾病的风险中的患者。所述量被定义为“预防有效剂量”。同样地,精确的所述量取决于多种患者的特定因素,诸如患者的健康状态和体重。
以足以提供治疗有效剂量或预防有效剂量的MAG衍生物的量施用本发明的组合物。
例如,所述组合物可包含相当于组合物能量的约3%至40%的量的sn-2MAG衍生物。低至3%的花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸和/或二十二碳六烯酸可满足必需脂肪酸需求,并提供有效的抗炎作用。本发明的组合物可用于功能性脂肪酸的递送。
为了本发明的目的,功能性脂肪酸是递送健康益处的脂肪酸。
例如,本发明组合物可用于递送具有抗炎特性的脂肪酸。
本发明的组合物在脂质消化不良或吸收不良的状况下特别有用。
因此,可将本发明的组合物施用于患有脂质消化不良或吸收不良的状况的个体。
所述组合物可用于患有任何类型的脂质消化不良或吸收不良的状况的个体。例如,所述吸收不良的状况的原因可以是胰腺机能不全、胆盐不足、粘膜障碍和/或短肠。
例如,如果MAG衍生物所包含的脂肪酸是具有抗炎特性的脂肪酸,则依据本发明的组合物可用于治疗或预防炎性疾病。
本发明还涉及sn-2MAG衍生物在制备组合物中的应用,其中sn-1和sn-3位被保护基阻断且其中所述酰基为具有抗炎特性的脂肪酸,所述组合物用于治疗或预防炎性疾病、特别是用于在脂质消化不良和/或吸收不良的状况下治疗或预防炎性疾病。
所述炎性疾病可选自急性炎症诸如脓毒症,和慢性炎症诸如炎症性肠病、局限性回肠炎、溃疡性结肠炎、坏死性小肠结肠炎、皮肤炎症、诸如UV或化学诱导的皮肤炎症、湿疹、反应性皮肤(reactive skin)、银屑病、白斑、痤疮、炎症性肠综合征、肝脏炎症、酒精性肝硬化、变态反应、特应性(atopy)、骨炎症、类风湿性关节炎、系统性狼疮(systemiclupus)、皮肌炎、甲状腺炎、I型糖尿病、乳糜泻、比尔默氏病(Biermer’s disease)、多发性硬化、脑脊髓炎、眼炎症、肥胖相关的炎症、年龄相关的轻度炎症、Blau综合征、阿尔茨海默病、心血管疾病、动脉粥样硬化、代谢综合征或其组合。
本领域技术人员将理解,他们可以自由地组合本文所述的本发明的所有特征而不背离所公开的本发明的范围。特别地,对本发明的用途所述的特征可以适用于本发明的组合物,反之亦然。
本发明的其它优点和特征从如下实施例和附图中是显而易见的。
图1显示了本发明中使用的EPA甘油酯的实例:(A)1,3-二乙酰基-2-二十碳五烯酰基甘油和[B]sn-2单二十碳五烯酰基甘油的缩醛衍生物。
图2显示了红细胞中纳入的EPA。处置:饲喂鱼油和奥利司他或者饲喂鱼油而没有奥利司他的对照大鼠,以及饲喂图1中描述的MAG衍生物(A和B)的大鼠。数值为平均值±SEM(n=6)。
实施例:
在脂质消化不良或吸收不良动物模型中测试本发明的构思。使用奥利司他(一种公知的胰和胃脂肪酶抑制剂)获得了消化不良或吸收不良的状况。在21天期间用主要含二十碳五烯酸(EPA)的长链多不饱和脂肪酸(LC-PUFA)补充剂饲喂动物。将鱼油用作三酰基甘油的来源,并评价了图1提供的的不同的EPA甘油酯。给予以足以降低脂质吸收达40%的水平的奥利司他。将接受鱼油而没有奥利司他的组用作阳性对照。在不同的时间间隔(第3天、第7天、第14天和第21天)测定了红细胞脂质和血脂的脂肪酸分布特性。在实验的结尾,测定了不同组织的脂肪酸分布特性。主要目标是寻求红细胞脂质和血脂的EPA水平。在评价中主要对比的是接受EPA衍生物(图1)及奥利司他的组与阳性对照组(鱼油+奥利司他)之间的EPA水平的差别。
例如,图2中报道了在第7天获得的红细胞脂质中的EPA水平的数据。统计学评价显示使用奥利司他减少了进入红细胞中的EPA(接受鱼油和奥利司他的组与接受鱼油而没有奥利司他的组之间的比较)。由于该比较证实了模型的有效性,所以非常重要。接受MAG衍生物的动物的红细胞中所纳入的EPA的水平在统计学上高于鱼油+奥利司他组的红细胞中纳入的EPA的水平(所有的P值都低于0.05)。
该实施例清楚地证实了,在脂质消化不良或吸收不良的状况中,以三酰基甘油形式提供的LC-PUFA的进入减少。然而,如果以本发明的MAG衍生物(组A和B)形式提供LC-PUFA,那么甚至在脂质消化不良或吸收不良的状况中进入组织中的水平也未发生改变。
Claims (31)
1.含sn-2单酰基甘油衍生物的组合物,其中sn-1和sn-3位被保护基阻断,且其中所述酰基是具有抗炎特性的脂肪酸,其中所述保护基选自香草醛,且其中具有抗炎特性的脂肪酸选自二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)、α-亚麻酸(ALA)、十八碳四烯酸(SA)、γ-亚麻酸(GLA)、二高-γ-亚麻酸(DGLA)、n-3二十二碳五烯酸(DPA)、5(Z),11(Z),14(Z)-二十碳三烯酸和5(Z),11(Z),14(Z),17(Z)-二十碳四烯酸。
2.依据权利要求1的组合物,其中所述sn-2单酰基甘油衍生物选自sn-2单二十碳五烯酰基甘油的香草醛衍生物。
3.依据权利要求1的组合物,其中所述组合物选自食品或药物组合物。
4.依据权利要求1的组合物,其中所述组合物选自营养组合物、食品添加剂或药物。
5.依据权利要求1的组合物,其中所述组合物选自饮料。
6.依据权利要求1的组合物,其中所述组合物选自动物食品。
7.依据权利要求1的组合物,其中所述组合物选自功能食品。
8.依据权利要求1的组合物,其中所述组合物具有0.5kcal/ml至15kcal/ml的热量密度。
9.依据权利要求1的组合物,其中所述sn-2单酰基甘油衍生物提供组合物的能量的3%至40%。
10.依据权利要求1的组合物,其中所述组合物包含不同的sn-2单酰基甘油衍生物的组合,其具有5:1至15:1的n-3脂肪酸和n-6脂肪酸的比例。
11.用于递送具有抗炎特性的脂肪酸的依据权利要求1的组合物。
12.用于施用于患有脂质消化不良或吸收不良的状况的个体的依据权利要求1的组合物。
13.依据权利要求12的组合物,其中所述消化不良或吸收不良的状况是由于胰腺机能不全、胆盐不足、粘膜障碍和/或短肠。
14.用于治疗或预防炎性疾病的依据权利要求1的组合物。
15.依据权利要求14的组合物,其中所述炎性疾病选自急性炎症和慢性炎症。
16.依据权利要求14的组合物,其中所述炎性疾病选自脓毒症和炎症性肠病、皮肤炎症、肝脏炎症、酒精性肝硬化、变态反应、特应性、骨炎症、类风湿性关节炎、系统性狼疮、皮肌炎、甲状腺炎、I型糖尿病、乳糜泻、比尔默氏病、多发性硬化、脑脊髓炎、眼炎症、肥胖相关的炎症、年龄相关的轻度炎症、Blau综合征、阿尔茨海默病、心血管疾病、代谢综合征。
17.依据权利要求14的组合物,其中所述炎性疾病选自动脉粥样硬化。
18.依据权利要求14的组合物,其中所述炎性疾病选自炎症性肠综合征。
19.依据权利要求14的组合物,其中所述炎性疾病选自局限性回肠炎、溃疡性结肠炎或坏死性小肠结肠炎。
20.依据权利要求14的组合物,其中所述炎性疾病选自UV或化学诱导的皮肤炎症、湿疹、反应性皮肤、银屑病、白斑、痤疮。
21.用于治疗或预防与脂质消化不良或吸收不良的状况相关的障碍的依据权利要求1的组合物。
22.用于施用于早产儿的依据权利要求21的组合物。
23.依据权利要求1至14中任意一项的组合物在制备药物中的应用,所述药物用于治疗或预防炎性疾病。
24.依据权利要求23的应用,其中所述炎性疾病选自急性炎症和慢性炎症。
25.依据权利要求23的应用,其中所述炎性疾病选自脓毒症和炎症性肠病、皮肤炎症、肝脏炎症、酒精性肝硬化、变态反应、特应性、骨炎症、类风湿性关节炎、系统性狼疮、皮肌炎、甲状腺炎、I型糖尿病、乳糜泻、比尔默氏病、多发性硬化、脑脊髓炎、眼炎症、肥胖相关的炎症、年龄相关的轻度炎症、Blau综合征、阿尔茨海默病、心血管疾病、代谢综合征。
26.依据权利要求23的应用,其中所述炎性疾病选自动脉粥样硬化。
27.依据权利要求23的应用,其中所述炎性疾病选自炎症性肠综合征。
28.依据权利要求23的应用,其中所述炎性疾病选自局限性回肠炎、溃疡性结肠炎或坏死性小肠结肠炎。
29.依据权利要求23的应用,其中所述炎性疾病选自UV或化学诱导的皮肤炎症、湿疹、反应性皮肤、银屑病、白斑、痤疮。
30.依据权利要求1至14中任意一项的组合物在制备药物中的应用,所述药物用于治疗或预防与脂质消化不良或吸收不良的状况相关的障碍。
31.依据权利要求30的应用,其中所述药物用于施用于早产儿。
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