CN102994681A - Method for producing sponge iron by direct reduction of electric reduction furnace - Google Patents
Method for producing sponge iron by direct reduction of electric reduction furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN102994681A CN102994681A CN2012104139796A CN201210413979A CN102994681A CN 102994681 A CN102994681 A CN 102994681A CN 2012104139796 A CN2012104139796 A CN 2012104139796A CN 201210413979 A CN201210413979 A CN 201210413979A CN 102994681 A CN102994681 A CN 102994681A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing sponge iron by direct reduction of an electric reduction furnace; the method is characterized by comprising the steps as follows: grinding low-grade iron ore or staple industrial solid waste into powder and carrying out magnetic separation to obtain high-grade iron ore powder; grinding the staple industrial solid waste into the powder and selecting by flotation to obtain carbon powder; mixing the iron ore powder and the carbon powder and pressing into blocky materials; mixing a desulfurizing agent and a dephosphorizing agent, drying and crushing to obtain a reductive additive; drying the iron ore powder and the carbon powder that are pressed into the blocky materials till the water content of the materials is less than 3%; conveying the reductive additive and the blocky materials to the electric reduction furnace and heating to reduce iron oxide to obtain elemental iron; and cooling the materials in the electric reduction furnace, crushing and selecting the reduced iron by the magnetic separation. According to the method, the iron ore of any grade can be directly reduced to the sponge iron in a solid state by the electric reduction furnace after being mixed with a proper amount of carbon blocks as the reducing agent; and the metallization ratio can be more than 96%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electric reduction furnace direct-reduction and produce the method for sponge iron, belong to the direct-reduced iron processing technique field.
Background technology
System for blast furnace ironmaking (comprising coking, sintering, blast furnace), application and development through the centuries, its technology is quite perfect, but long because of its technical process, investment is large, environmental pollution is serious, and flexibility of operation is poor, be only suitable for the country in those industrial initial developments, produce conventional products, elementary steel, and added value is very low.In developed country, blast furnace technology is faced with superseded, and living space more greatly reduces.
Society enters material after the epoch, and the steel of market demand no longer are traditional materials, and the electric furnace ironmaking take steel scrap as main raw material can promote steel product quality and property, can shorten the steel smelting cycle, reduces starting material and power wastage.But according to the statistics of national steel scrap association, China's steel scrap total demand was 12,000 ten thousand tons in 2008, increased by 1,000 ten thousand tons than total amount consumed in 2007, and resource gap is larger.2,000 ten thousand tons of the self-produced steel scraps of annual iron and steel enterprise, society produces useless 4,000 ten thousand tons, 1,200 ten thousand tons of import steel scraps, aggregate resource is tight slightly.Annual steel scrap market presents the operation situation that rises and fall unceasingly continuously.Also because steel products are towards miniaturization and, advanced, the Composite future development of function in recent years, so non-metallic material and the increase of non-ferrous metal usage ratio in the steel causes waste steel quality constantly to descend.Steel scrap is as the electric furnace raw material, because its source is different, chemical component fluctuation is very large, detrimental impurity Sn, As, Cu etc. are almost in the 100% residual steel, and be difficult to grasp, control, this has brought great difficulty for the electric steel operation, and the domestic price run at high level, especially the raising of bottom line price has announced to use the termination in cheap iron and steel scrap resource steel-making epoch.
And direct-reduced iron is the low-carbon (LC) vesicular material that smart iron powder or ferric oxide form through low-temperature reduction in stove, the impurity such as sulphur, phosphorus, arsenic, zinc, copper are all very low in the direct-reduced iron, if with a certain proportion of direct-reduced iron (30-50%) as thinner and steel scrap collocation not only can increase steel homogeneity, improve the physical properties of steel, thereby reach the purpose of production high-quality steel, Clean Steel, can also improve electric furnace throughput, reduce power consumption and production cost.Therefore, direct-reduced iron is not only the surrogate of high-quality steel scrap, or the pure raw material of production high-quality steel, special steel.Therefore increasingly vigorous to the demand of direct-reduced iron, market capacity strengthens day by day, and also there are a lot of problems in China's direct-reduced iron:
(1) industrial scale is too small, and method is ancient, production capacity is little, energy consumption is high, seriously polluted;
(2) starting material of direct-reduced iron requirement must be the pure iron ores of higher-grade, low gangue, and China is very rare, therefore lack stable raw material supply channel;
(3) owing to limited by natural gas source, the gas base directly reducing slower development;
(4) lack unified planning, fail to build large scale commercial product DRI(direct-reduced iron) manufacturing enterprise.
World's metallurgy industry is decided to be zero to the direct-reduced iron of China (sponge iron) output.In the September, 2007, the General Secretary of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in person visits and has investigated Australian sponge iron company sponge iron production line, the attention of China to sponge iron has been described, June 20 nineteen ninety-five, State Planning Commission, State Economic and Trade Commission, the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation ordered " direct-reduced iron " classified as the foreign investment industry of encouraging jointly, in the ferrous metals industry first, 2004,2005 every year by National Development and Reform Committee and State Economic and Trade Commission, classifies country's project of encouraging investment as.From the demand for development of national economy and development and the market requirement of Iron And Steel Industry, China has become the first consumption steel big country, always relies on import DRI/HBI(direct-reduced iron/hot wafering) be unpractical, impossible.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, provide a kind of electric reduction furnace direct-reduction to produce the method for sponge iron.After the iron ore that reclaims in the iron ore of any grade or the large industrial solid castoff and an amount of carbon powder reducing agent being mixed, become sponge iron through the electric reduction furnace direct-reduction.
Technical scheme of the present invention.The electric reduction furnace direct-reduction is produced the method for sponge iron, comprises the steps,
A, with low-grade iron ore or large industrial solid castoff abrasive dust, carry out magnetic separation, obtain powdered iron ore of high grade;
B, with large industrial solid castoff abrasive dust, carry out flotation, obtain carbon dust;
C, the powdered iron ore of gained and carbon dust are mixed the briquetting material;
D, sweetening agent, dephosphorizing agent mixed after, dry again to material moisture less than 3%, the material after the oven dry is pulverized, the crushing material granularity obtains reducing additive below 1.5mm;
E, with the powdered iron ore of briquetting and carbon dust oven dry, material moisture is less than 3%;
F, will reduce additive and piece material and send in the electric reduction furnace, and adopt electric heating body that the piece material is heated, iron oxide reduction obtains fe;
Material in the g electric reduction furnace carries out fragmentation after cooling, by magnetic separation, the iron of reduction is selected.
Above-mentioned electric reduction furnace direct-reduction is produced the method for sponge iron, among the step f, electric reduction furnace heat-processed is for adopting electric heating body to heat, first be preheated to 300 ℃-500 ℃ at preheating section, enter the section that heats up and be warming up to 900 ℃-950 ℃, be heated to 950 ℃-1100 ℃ at conversion zone again and carry out reduction reaction, then material is come out of the stove after being cooled to below 200 ℃.
Above-mentioned electric reduction furnace direct-reduction is produced the method for sponge iron, and in the step g, the iron that magnetic separation obtains is by the briquetting press compound stalk forming.
Existing direct-reduced iron working method can be divided into two large classes: use the gas base directly reducing method of gaseous reducing agent and the coal-based direct reduction method of use solid reductant.No matter be which kind of method, the iron ore raw material grade of reducing is all required too high (TFe 〉=66%).The present invention becomes sponge iron through electric reduction furnace with solid-state direct-reduction after the powdered iron ore that reclaims in the iron ore of any grade or the large industrial solid castoff and an amount of charcoal piece can being mixed as reductive agent, and degree of metalization can reach more than 96%.Large industrial solid castoff refers to the slag of Steel Plant, flyash, the waste that coal gangue or red mud etc. are metallurgical, coal-mining industry produces.Needed energy is to be inputted by external electric energy in the production process, in whole technological process, there is not outside air to enter, the gas that carbon is sent in the process of reduced iron only has CO gas, whole flue gas obtains pure CO gas after purifying, can be directly used in generating, for electric reduction furnace self.Method of the present invention has been broken away from the restriction to iron ore grade and colliery quality and kind, reductive agent both can be the carbon dust of enrichment in large trade waste degree of depth resource utilization removal process, it also can be coking coal, brown coal, whole technique is drawn materials abundant, technique is simple, technology is reliable, environmental-protecting performance is good, significantly reduced production cost, particularly improved the added value in the production process, can be very low initial amount, the ultralow grade valuable metal ore deposit that at all can not be referred to as ore deposit enrichment of ore-forming in slag or in the off-gas recovery thing in the production process of direct-reduced iron forms new resource.Simultaneously, electric reduction furnace adopts electric heating body, and structure is simpler, and heat form is flexible, and is easy to use, by electric heating body is arranged and installed, can control single stove production capacity of electric reduction furnace.Can adopt electric heating panel as heating source such as electric reduction furnace, material heats between electric heating panel; Electric reduction furnace can also be made into the rotary kiln form, adds electric heating panel in the rotary kiln inwall, and material is heated in rotary kiln upset moving process.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention 1.The electric reduction furnace direct-reduction is produced the method for sponge iron,
A, with low-grade iron ore or large industrial solid castoff abrasive dust, carry out magnetic separation, obtain powdered iron ore of high grade; Low-grade iron ore refers to that iron ore raw material grade is excessively low, can't as direct-reduced iron production, perhaps have the iron ore that iron-smelting process is produced now.
B, with large industrial solid castoff abrasive dust, carry out flotation, obtain carbon dust; Also can carry out flotation to the clout after the magnetic separation among the step a, obtain carbon dust.
C, the powdered iron ore of gained and carbon dust are mixed the briquetting material; The proportioning of powdered iron ore and carbon dust is for to determine according to the iron level in the powdered iron ore.
D, sweetening agent, dephosphorizing agent mixed after, dry again to material moisture less than 3%, the material after the oven dry is pulverized, the crushing material granularity obtains reducing additive below 1.5mm; Wherein sweetening agent is that used sweetening agent, the dephosphorizing agents of existing Iron industry such as lime or rhombspar are the used dephosphorizing agent of Iron industry.
E, with the powdered iron ore of briquetting and carbon dust oven dry, material moisture is less than 3%;
F, will reduce additive and piece material and send in the electric reduction furnace, and adopt electric heating body that the piece material is heated, iron oxide reduction obtains fe; Electric reduction furnace adopts existing electric heating body as heating source, heat-processed is: be preheated to 300 ℃-500 ℃ at preheating section first, enter the section that heats up and be warming up to 900-950 ℃, be heated to 950 ℃-1100 ℃ at conversion zone again and carry out reduction reaction, then material is come out of the stove after being cooled to below 200 ℃.Electric heating body adopts existing electrical heating device, such as electric ceramic pipe, silica tube, electric stove wire, silicon carbide or graphite etc.
Material in g, the electric reduction furnace carries out fragmentation after cooling, by magnetic separation, the iron of reduction is selected, again by the briquetting press compound stalk forming.
Embodiments of the invention 2.The electric reduction furnace direct-reduction is produced the method for sponge iron, comprises the steps
A, with large industrial solid castoff abrasive dust, carry out magnetic separation, obtain powdered iron ore of high grade; Large industrial solid castoff refers to the slag of Steel Plant, flyash, the waste that coal gangue or red mud etc. are metallurgical, coal-mining industry produces.
B, with large industrial solid castoff abrasive dust, carry out flotation, obtain carbon dust; Also can carry out flotation to the clout after the magnetic separation among the step a, obtain carbon dust.
C, the powdered iron ore of gained and carbon dust are mixed the briquetting material; The proportioning of powdered iron ore and carbon dust is for to determine according to the iron level in the powdered iron ore.
D, sweetening agent, dephosphorizing agent mixed after, dry again to material moisture less than 3%, the material after the oven dry is pulverized, the crushing material granularity obtains reducing additive below 1.5mm; Wherein sweetening agent is that used sweetening agent, the dephosphorizing agents of existing Iron industry such as lime or rhombspar are the used dephosphorizing agent of Iron industry.
E, with the powdered iron ore of briquetting and carbon dust oven dry, material moisture is less than 3%;
F, will reduce additive and piece material and send in the electric reduction furnace, and adopt electric heating body that the piece material is heated, iron oxide reduction obtains fe; Electric reduction furnace adopts existing electric heating body, by direct current supply or ac power supply method heating, first be preheated to 350 ℃-450 ℃ at preheating section, enter the section that heats up and be warming up to 950 ℃, be heated to 1000 ℃-1050 ℃ at conversion zone again and carry out reduction reaction, then material is come out of the stove after being cooled to below 200 ℃.
Material in g, the electric reduction furnace carries out fragmentation after cooling, by magnetic separation, the iron of reduction is selected, again by the briquetting press compound stalk forming.
Embodiments of the invention 3.The electric reduction furnace direct-reduction is produced the method for sponge iron, comprises the steps
A, flyash is carried out abrasive dust, then carry out magnetic separation, reclaim powdered iron ore wherein.
B, the flyash after the magnetic separation is carried out flotation, obtain carbon dust.
C, the powdered iron ore of gained and carbon dust are mixed the briquetting material; The proportioning of powdered iron ore and carbon dust is for to determine according to the iron level in the powdered iron ore.
D, sweetening agent, dephosphorizing agent mixed after, dry again to material moisture less than 3%, the material after the oven dry is pulverized, the crushing material granularity obtains reducing additive below 1.5mm; Wherein sweetening agent is that used sweetening agent, the dephosphorizing agents of existing Iron industry such as lime or rhombspar are the used dephosphorizing agent of Iron industry.
E, with the powdered iron ore of briquetting and carbon dust oven dry, material moisture is less than 3%;
F, will reduce additive and piece material and send in the electric reduction furnace, and adopt electric heating body to heat, by carbon dust, the iron oxide reduction in the iron ore be obtained fe; Electric reduction furnace heat-processed is: be preheated to 400 ℃ at preheating section first, enter the section that heats up and be warming up to 930 ℃, be heated to 1020 ℃ at conversion zone again and carry out reduction reaction, then material is come out of the stove after being cooled to below 100 ℃.
Material in g, the electric reduction furnace carries out fragmentation after cooling, by magnetic separation, the iron of reduction is selected, again by the briquetting press compound stalk forming.
The above, it only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not that the present invention is done any pro forma restriction, any technical solution of the present invention content that do not break away from,, all still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention any simple modification, equivalent variations and modification that above embodiment does according to technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. an electric reduction furnace direct-reduction is produced the method for sponge iron, it is characterized in that: comprise the steps,
A, with low-grade iron ore or large industrial solid castoff abrasive dust, carry out magnetic separation, obtain powdered iron ore of high grade;
B, with large industrial solid castoff abrasive dust, carry out flotation, obtain carbon dust;
C, the powdered iron ore of gained and carbon dust are mixed the briquetting material;
D, sweetening agent, dephosphorizing agent mixed after, dry again to material moisture less than 3%, the material after the oven dry is pulverized, the crushing material granularity obtains reducing additive below 1.5mm;
E, with the powdered iron ore of briquetting and carbon dust oven dry, material moisture is less than 3%;
F, will reduce additive and piece material and send in the electric reduction furnace, and adopt electric heating body that the piece material is heated, iron oxide reduction obtains fe;
Material in g, the electric reduction furnace carries out fragmentation after cooling, by magnetic separation, the iron of reduction is selected.
2. electric reduction furnace direct-reduction according to claim 1 is produced the method for sponge iron, it is characterized in that: among the step f, electric reduction furnace heat-processed is for adopting electric heating body to heat, first be preheated to 300 ℃-500 ℃ at preheating section, enter the section that heats up and be warming up to 900 ℃-950 ℃, be heated to 950 ℃-1100 ℃ at conversion zone again and carry out reduction reaction, then material is come out of the stove after being cooled to below 200 ℃.
3. electric reduction furnace direct-reduction according to claim 1 is produced the method for sponge iron, and it is characterized in that: in the step g, the iron that magnetic separation obtains is by the briquetting press compound stalk forming.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109402315A (en) * | 2018-11-25 | 2019-03-01 | 冯良荣 | A method of preparing reduced iron or nitrided iron |
| CN111218556A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-06-02 | 山东宏桥新型材料有限公司 | Electrolytic aluminum waste cathode and red mud magnetic separation iron concentrate cooperative treatment method |
| CN113981164A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-01-28 | 山东大学 | Process and system for co-mechanical activation of iron ore-carbon material in reducing atmosphere |
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| CN101538634A (en) * | 2009-02-05 | 2009-09-23 | 丁家伟 | Smelting process and device of pure iron |
| CN101792856A (en) * | 2010-04-13 | 2010-08-04 | 李柏荣 | Metal reduction method |
| CN102559976A (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2012-07-11 | 沈阳博联特熔融还原科技有限公司 | Preparing method for direct reduced iron using low grade high phosphorus iron ore as raw materials |
| CN102634621A (en) * | 2012-04-09 | 2012-08-15 | 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 | Device and method for treating refractory iron ore |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101538634A (en) * | 2009-02-05 | 2009-09-23 | 丁家伟 | Smelting process and device of pure iron |
| CN101792856A (en) * | 2010-04-13 | 2010-08-04 | 李柏荣 | Metal reduction method |
| CN102559976A (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2012-07-11 | 沈阳博联特熔融还原科技有限公司 | Preparing method for direct reduced iron using low grade high phosphorus iron ore as raw materials |
| CN102634621A (en) * | 2012-04-09 | 2012-08-15 | 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 | Device and method for treating refractory iron ore |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109402315A (en) * | 2018-11-25 | 2019-03-01 | 冯良荣 | A method of preparing reduced iron or nitrided iron |
| CN111218556A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-06-02 | 山东宏桥新型材料有限公司 | Electrolytic aluminum waste cathode and red mud magnetic separation iron concentrate cooperative treatment method |
| CN113981164A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-01-28 | 山东大学 | Process and system for co-mechanical activation of iron ore-carbon material in reducing atmosphere |
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