CN109402315A - A method of preparing reduced iron or nitrided iron - Google Patents
A method of preparing reduced iron or nitrided iron Download PDFInfo
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- CN109402315A CN109402315A CN201811411671.1A CN201811411671A CN109402315A CN 109402315 A CN109402315 A CN 109402315A CN 201811411671 A CN201811411671 A CN 201811411671A CN 109402315 A CN109402315 A CN 109402315A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
- C21B11/06—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces in rotary kilns
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/143—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions of methane [CH4]
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of methods for preparing reduced iron or nitrided iron, it is that will contain iron oxide, sponge iron, the solid material of one of iron ore concentrate or more than one mixture (hereinafter referred to as source of iron) in electric heating rotary kiln bringing-up section by power electrode in rotary kiln bringing-up section the solid material and/or its change resulting material (hereinafter referred to as material) direct-electrifying in the heating process, pass through the resistance heating heated material of the material material heap in bringing-up section, material is in rotary kiln successively by preheating, heating, cooling, then it discharges, obtain reduced iron or nitrided iron.It is an advantage of the invention that the thermal efficiency is high, power consumption is low, good product consistency, process stabilizing, and production capacity is big.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of steel metallurgy, are related to the preparation method of reduced iron or nitrided iron.
Background technique
Reduced iron is mainly used for powder metallurgy and auto parts and components, in machinery, metallurgy, chemical industry, automobile, food, medicine etc.
Industry also has a large amount of application.
Nitrided iron, which has, is mainly used for part substitution rare earth element in magnetic material.
The traditional preparation method of reduced iron powder, generally with iron scale (steel rolling iron scale), iron ore concentrate (or super iron essence
Mine refers to the especially few iron ore concentrate of impurity content), the iron oxide in other sources etc. be raw material, by 950 ~ 1250 DEG C of carbon heat also
Sponge iron is prepared in original.It often also needs that it is relatively high to obtain purity by processes such as broken, milling, magnetic separation after primary reduction
Sponge iron or a reduced iron powder.Primary reduction is divided into coal base reduction and gas-based reduction.Coal base reduction is with coal or coke
As reducing agent, in a reduction process, when especially with iron ore concentrate as raw material, lime or lime stone etc. can also be added
The Dephosphorising agents such as sodium carbonate are added in desulfurizing agent.Gas-based reduction, be use natural gas, cracking natural gas (synthesis gas), coal gas as reduction
Agent.A newest reducing process, carries out generally in tunnel oven, and solid material is fitted into silicon carbide tank or is directly placed
On trolley, trolley is advanced in tunnel oven, completes the process of heating, reduction, cooling.Also have and carry out one using rotary kiln device
Secondary reduction, generally made in combustion gas perhaps coal-fired heating rotary kiln solid material with carbon or directly with combustion gas or fire coal
Reducing agent, the solid material of kiln discharge enter the cooling revolving drum cooling being specially arranged.More massive sponge iron, or melting is also
Former iron is produced with shaft kiln gas-based reduction, which is mainly that electric furnace steel making provides primary reduction iron.Due to raw material cloth and
Existing mass-and heat-transfer problem is heated using coal burning and gas burning, there is a large amount of half-cooked material or hardened material in a reduced iron powder.
Reduced iron powder or sponge iron probably contain 0.7 ~ 2% oxygen, some oxygen after broken, milling, magnetic separation
Content is even higher.When for powder metallurgy, it is necessary to by secondary reduction (hydrogen essence reduction, call smart reduction in the following text).Secondary reduction
It is carried out generally in steel belt furnace, 800 ~ 950 DEG C of reduction temperature.Reducing agent is the hydrogen that ammonolysis craft obtains.Sponge iron is on steel band
General 30mm of powdering thickness or so.Since hydrogen mass transfer influences, too thick powdering thickness produces so that reduction reaction speed reduces
Amount reduces.The lower the hydrogen loss (with the percentage loss of weight of hydrogen reducing) of product secondary reduction iron powder the better generally 0.2% or so.
For water-atomized iron powder due to surface oxidation etc., hydrogen loss is likely to be breached 1% or more, when being used for powder metallurgy, it is also desirable to carry out hydrogen
Essence reduction.Smart reduction apparatus is resistance heating steel belt furnace, and raw material iron powder (sponge iron, atomized iron powder etc.) is layered on steel band, with steel
Band enters steel belt furnace, the steel belt furnace generating elements heats such as Elema Si-Mo rod or resistance wire containing molybdenum.Also have using pushed bat kiln
Technique carries out smart reduction.
Either pushed bat kiln or steel belt furnace, all use generating elements heat, and heat needs to be transmitted to object from heater element
Material, the thermal efficiency is low, and power consumption is high, in addition Steel Belt Transmission or rushing board mechanism, the device is complicated, and attrition component vulnerable part is more, at high cost.
The smart reduction process of sponge iron etc., also Primordial Qi use decomposed ammonia, after ammonia must first resolve into nitrogen and hydrogen
Just it can enter in steel belt furnace.When directlying adopt undecomposed ammonia, at 600 DEG C or so, ammonia can be reacted with iron powder, production nitridation
Iron.Nitrided iron has saturation magnetization more higher than ferrite, and saturation magnetization and pure iron are close, but resistant to chemical etching
Property and mechanical performance are better than pure iron, at the same titanium nitride also have lower coercivity and with excellent absorbing property, be widely used as
Soft magnetic materials, electromagnetic shielding material etc..Gas production can use the same process equipment of secondary reduction iron powder and raw material, therefore
The present invention makes improvement to its production technology together.
In conclusion existing reduced iron or nitrided iron production process, there are equipment heat transfer efficiency is low, energy consumption is high, and equipment is easy
Damage the problems such as part attrition component is more.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind, low energy consumption, equipment capacity is big, product quality consistency is good, technical process is steady
Fixed reduced iron or nitridation process for making iron.By (former using containing oxygen iron to source of iron with power electrode in directly-heated type rotary kiln
There are also carbon sources when material) or its solid material (hereinafter referred to as material) direct-electrifying for generating during the reaction, by material
Contact resistance between itself resistance or feed particles or block generates heat and heated material under the action of electric current.
The method (calling this technique in the following text) of the present invention for preparing reduced iron is primary compared to the carbon of tunnel oven or shaft kiln heat
Reducing process, power consumption is relatively high, is generally used for sponge iron, the essence reduction of atomization iron etc. or secondary reduction and for nitrided iron
Etc. the production of fine small lot kind.But even if being used as source of iron using ferriferous oxide (iron scale, smart iron ore, ferrous oxalate etc.),
Carbon source can also be added in this technique inside source of iron, rely primarily on carbon source as reducing agent, or with gas-based reduction agent to iron oxygen
Compound is restored, and in order to reduce the carbon content and oxygen content in product, can also be remained in the reduction reaction later period with hydrogen reducing
Remaining oxygen in excess material, naturally it is also possible to not have to carbon source, use hydrogen as reducing agent completely.
Using gas-based reduction agent and using in electrically heated secondary reduction or smart reduction process, material exists in this technique
It is stirred in directly-heated type rotary kiln, has apparent mass-and heat-transfer advantage, the thermal efficiency is high, and the reaction time is short, and production capacity is big.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
A method of reduced iron or nitrided iron are prepared, iron-containing solid material is fed in reacting furnace and is heated, heating process
Middle source of iron synthesizes reduced iron or nitrided iron by reduction and/or nitridation process in a reducing atmosphere, it is characterised in that: described
Solid material are as follows: one of carbon source, desulfurizing agent, Dephosphorising agent or a variety of is added in source of iron in source of iron；
The source of iron are as follows: iron oxide, sponge iron, a reduced iron powder, water-atomized iron powder, iron ore concentrate, one in ferrous oxalate
Kind or more than one mixtures formed；
The carbon source are as follows: coal, graphite, charcoal, carbon black, active carbon, coke, petroleum coke, pitch, biological material, You Jigao
One of molecule, melamine, paraffin, sugar or more than one mixture；
The reacting furnace are as follows: burner hearth has the electric heating rotary kiln (calling directly-heated type rotary kiln in the following text) of bringing-up section, wherein bringing-up section
It is provided with heating power supply electrode, applies voltage on the material being heated by the electrode to electric to the material feed-in being heated
Stream heats the material being heated using the resistance heating for the material being heated accumulated in bringing-up section；
The heating process are as follows: heated by power electrode in directly-heated type rotary kiln in directly-heated type rotary kiln bringing-up section
The solid material of section and/or its to change resulting material (hereinafter referred to as material) in the heating process directly logical
Electricity heats object by the contact resistance fever between the resistance or material particles or block of the material itself in bringing-up section
Material, material, successively by preheating, heating, cooling, then discharge in directly-heated type rotary kiln；And the material is in directly-heated type
The maximum temperature passed through in rotary kiln is not less than 450 DEG C；
The reducing atmosphere air pressure is less than 2MPa.
Further, the reducing atmosphere are as follows: methanol, CO, nitrogen, ammonia, hydrogen, hydrocarbon, other gaseous states
One of carbon containing and/or nitrogen organic matter perhaps their mixture or the reducing atmosphere be the carbon source also
The CO that former oxygen containing source of iron generates.
Further, being 10~2000 volts to the voltage of the material direct-electrifying, electric current is 10~100000
Ampere.
Further, the solid material before entering directly-heated type rotary kiln by source of iron and carbon source are mixed,
It rolls or squeezes, ball milling, wet-milling, and/or molding.
Further, the reacting furnace is the electric heating rotary kiln that Chinese patent CN103335513A is disclosed.
Further, being provided with preheating section before the bringing-up section of the reacting furnace and/or after the bringing-up section
It is provided with temperature descending section, material is preheated and/or is cooled down.
Further, the reducing atmosphere enters rotary kiln from the discharge end of the directly-heated type rotary kiln.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantage that
1) apply direct current or alternating voltage directly into material with electrode and be passed through electric current, material accumulation, which is got up, itself has one
Fixed resistance, the resistance generate heat under the function of current, eliminate diabatic process of the heat from heater element to material, avoid pair
Fire resisting material of furnace body and the nondistinctive heating of material, heat utilization ratio is high, and power consumption is low.And it avoids and is caused because of thermal transmission requirement
Make the limitation of material accumulation thinner thickness, furnace cavity utilization rate improves, and productivity improves, but also directly-heated type rotary kiln device
What can be done is smaller.
2) it due to carrying out heating reaction by the way of to the heating of raw material direct-electrifying, avoids using Elema, silicon molybdenum
The crucible of the heater elements such as stick or molybdenum filament and nickel boat or other materials.But also material is easier to be heated to reaction temperature
Degree, so that reaction rate is very fast, the reaction time shortens, and product oxygen content is low, the production that product free carbon is low, available quality is high
Product.
3) reduction carbon nitridation process carried out in directly-heated type rotary kiln, material obtain it is lasting stir, further improve
Heat and mass transfer process in reaction process, so that the reaction time is short, the thermal efficiency is high, and uniform in quality is stablized, and material is in directly-heated
It is movable continuously traveling inside formula rotary kiln, is convenient for large-scale industrial production, good product consistency.
4) importantly, with directly-heated type rotary kiln rotation, material obtain it is lasting stir, avoid material anti-
Hardened and caking phenomenon during answering occurs, and avoids the formation of half-cooked material.
5) directly-heated type rotary kiln production reduced iron or nitrided iron avoid the cumbersome behaviour such as shove charge, loading pot, handling crucible
Make.
6) preheating section and temperature descending section, gas material and solid material are set in directly-heated type rotary kiln in directly-heated type rotary kiln
In reverse continuous movement, carry out sufficient heat exchange, improve the thermal efficiency.
7) the same set of generating means of directly-heated type rotary kiln are used, not according to mixed carbon comtent and/or the reducing atmosphere
Together, reduced iron or nitrided iron can be produced respectively.
Specific embodiment
Illustrate specific technical solution of the invention now in conjunction with embodiment.Following embodiment only illustrates skill of the invention
Art scheme reliable and effective can be realized, but technical solution of the invention is not limited in following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
By 1.5 tons of mixtures (the molar ratio 1.7:1 for controlling wherein oxygen and carbon) containing ferroso-ferric oxide and petroleum coke powder, bipyramid is used
Spiral mixer mixing, edge runner rolls, and to roll-in ball machine pressure ball, the directly-heated type for being then continuously added to be powered directly to material is returned
In rotary kiln (the electric heating rotary kiln disclosed using Chinese patent CN103335513A).Directly-heated type rotary kiln continuous rotation, directly-heated
Solid material is piled between positive and negative electrode in formula rotary kiln, passes through the direct current or alternating current of 4000A between positive and negative anodes.Object
Material successively passes through warming-up section (namely preheating section), the high temperature section (namely bringing-up section) between directly-heated type rotary kiln positive and negative electrode, drop
Temperature section discharging.Directly-heated type rotary kiln discharge end is passed through nitrogen and hydrogen (N:H 10:1), gas flow 50Nm3/ h, reaction end gas
It is withdrawn from from rotary kiln feed end.Solid material is in rotary kiln internal stops 5h to 30h etc..High temperature section is most in directly-heated type rotary kiln
1250 DEG C of high-temperature.Products obtained therefrom carbon containing 0.2%, oxygen content 0.25%.The product of directly-heated type rotary kiln is blocky in ball out, ball block it
Between almost non-binding.Directly-heated type rotary kiln part reduced iron power consumption about 2000kWh per ton.According to carbon content feelings in actual product
Condition, mixed carbon comtent can be reduced slightly, so not only can be sufficiently by the oxygen removal in source of iron, but also be unlikely to remain free carbon, insufficient
Carbon amounts reduction dosage is supplied with the hydrogen in gas phase.It is sub- that source of iron ferroso-ferric oxide can be changed to iron scale powder, smart iron ore, oxalic acid
Iron etc..
Embodiment 2
Resulting iron sponge powder is once restored by 1.5 tons to be continuously added in the directly-heated type rotary kiln being powered directly to material (use
The electric heating rotary kiln that Chinese patent CN103335513A is disclosed).Directly-heated type rotary kiln continuous rotation, in directly-heated type rotary kiln just
Solid material is piled between negative electrode, passes through the direct current or alternating current of 2500A between positive and negative anodes.Material is successively by rising
Temperature section (namely preheating section), the high temperature section (namely bringing-up section) between directly-heated type rotary kiln positive and negative electrode, temperature descending section discharging.Directly-heated
Formula rotary kiln discharge end is passed through the resulting nitrogen of ammonolysis craft and hydrogen (N:H 3:1), gas flow 30Nm3/ h, reaction end gas is certainly
Rotary kiln feed end is withdrawn from.Solid material is in rotary kiln internal stops 3h to 10h etc..High temperature section highest in directly-heated type rotary kiln
850 DEG C of temperature.Products obtained therefrom contains oxygen content 0.13%.Directly-heated type rotary kiln part reduced iron powder power consumption about 1100kWh per ton.Iron
Source sponge iron can be changed to atomized iron powder etc..
Embodiment 3
Resulting iron sponge powder is once restored by 1.5 tons to be continuously added in the directly-heated type rotary kiln being powered directly to material (use
The electric heating rotary kiln that Chinese patent CN103335513A is disclosed).Directly-heated type rotary kiln continuous rotation, in directly-heated type rotary kiln just
Solid material is piled between negative electrode, passes through the direct current or alternating current of 1000A between positive and negative anodes.Material is successively by rising
Temperature section (namely preheating section), the high temperature section (namely bringing-up section) between directly-heated type rotary kiln positive and negative electrode, temperature descending section discharging.Directly-heated
Formula rotary kiln discharge end is passed through ammonia, gas flow 30Nm3/ h, reaction end gas are withdrawn from from rotary kiln feed end.Solid material exists
Rotary kiln internal stops 3h to 10h etc..600 DEG C of high temperature section maximum temperature in directly-heated type rotary kiln.Products obtained therefrom contains nitrogen content
7.1%.Directly-heated type rotary kiln part nitridation iron powder power consumption about 560kWh per ton.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method for preparing reduced iron or nitrided iron, iron-containing solid material is fed in reacting furnace and is heated, heated
Source of iron synthesizes reduced iron or nitrided iron by reduction and/or nitridation process in a reducing atmosphere in journey, it is characterised in that: described
Solid material are as follows: carbon source, desulfurizing agent, one of Dephosphorising agent or a variety of is added in source of iron in source of iron；
The source of iron are as follows: iron oxide, sponge iron, a reduced iron powder, water-atomized iron powder, iron ore concentrate, one in ferrous oxalate
Kind or more than one mixtures formed；
The carbon source are as follows: coal, graphite, charcoal, carbon black, active carbon, coke, petroleum coke, pitch, biological material, You Jigao
One of molecule, melamine, paraffin, sugar or more than one mixture；
The reacting furnace are as follows: burner hearth has the electric heating rotary kiln (calling directly-heated type rotary kiln in the following text) of bringing-up section, wherein bringing-up section
It is provided with heating power supply electrode, applies voltage on the material being heated by the electrode to electric to the material feed-in being heated
Stream heats the material being heated using the resistance heating for the material being heated accumulated in bringing-up section；
The heating process are as follows: heated by power electrode in directly-heated type rotary kiln in directly-heated type rotary kiln bringing-up section
The solid material of section and/or its to change resulting material (hereinafter referred to as material) in the heating process directly logical
Electricity heats object by the contact resistance fever between the resistance or material particles or block of the material itself in bringing-up section
Material, material, successively by preheating, heating, cooling, then discharge in directly-heated type rotary kiln；And the material is in directly-heated type
The maximum temperature passed through in rotary kiln is not less than 450 DEG C；
The reducing atmosphere air pressure is less than 2MPa.
2. the method according to claim 1 for preparing reduced iron or nitrided iron, it is characterised in that: the reducing atmosphere are as follows:
Methanol, CO, nitrogen, ammonia, hydrogen, hydrocarbon, other gaseous states be carbon containing and/or one of the organic matter of nitrogen or they
Mixture or the reducing atmosphere be CO that the carbon source restores that oxygen containing source of iron generates.
3. the method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 2 for preparing reduced iron or nitrided iron, it is characterised in that: right
The voltage of the material direct-electrifying is 10~2000 volts, and electric current is 10~100000 amperes.
4. the method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3 for preparing reduced iron or nitrided iron, it is characterised in that: institute
The solid material stated before entering directly-heated type rotary kiln by mixing, rolling or squeezing source of iron and carbon source, ball milling, wet-milling,
And/or compound stalk forming.
5. the method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4 for preparing reduced iron or nitrided iron, it is characterised in that: institute
The reacting furnace stated is the electric heating rotary kiln that Chinese patent CN103335513A is disclosed.
6. the method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5 for preparing reduced iron or nitrided iron, it is characterised in that:
Be provided with preheating section before the bringing-up section of the reacting furnace and/or be provided with temperature descending section after the bringing-up section, to material into
Row preheating and/or cooling.
7. the method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 6 for preparing reduced iron or nitrided iron, it is characterised in that: institute
The reducing atmosphere stated enters rotary kiln from the discharge end of the directly-heated type rotary kiln.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811411671.1A CN109402315A (en) | 2018-11-25 | 2018-11-25 | A method of preparing reduced iron or nitrided iron |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811411671.1A CN109402315A (en) | 2018-11-25 | 2018-11-25 | A method of preparing reduced iron or nitrided iron |
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| CN109402315A true CN109402315A (en) | 2019-03-01 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110257646A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-09-20 | 长安大学 | A kind of process for smelting magnesium and device |
| CN110592377A (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2019-12-20 | 长安大学 | Metal magnesium carbon thermal reduction process and device |
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| CN102912062A (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2013-02-06 | 贵州绿水青山环保科技有限公司 | Method for directly reducing iron through electric reduction furnace |
| CN102994681A (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2013-03-27 | 贵州绿水青山环保科技有限公司 | Method for producing sponge iron by direct reduction of electric reduction furnace |
| CN103335513A (en) * | 2012-12-10 | 2013-10-02 | 冯良荣 | Electric heating rotary kiln |
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| CN102912062A (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2013-02-06 | 贵州绿水青山环保科技有限公司 | Method for directly reducing iron through electric reduction furnace |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110257646A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-09-20 | 长安大学 | A kind of process for smelting magnesium and device |
| CN110592377A (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2019-12-20 | 长安大学 | Metal magnesium carbon thermal reduction process and device |
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