CN109399586A - A method of preparing carbon tungsten nitride - Google Patents

A method of preparing carbon tungsten nitride Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109399586A
CN109399586A CN201811411251.3A CN201811411251A CN109399586A CN 109399586 A CN109399586 A CN 109399586A CN 201811411251 A CN201811411251 A CN 201811411251A CN 109399586 A CN109399586 A CN 109399586A
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carbon
tungsten
reducing agent
tungsten nitride
raw material
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甘亚
冯良荣
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B21/00Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
    • C01B21/082Compounds containing nitrogen and non-metals and optionally metals
    • C01B21/0828Carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides of metals, boron or silicon

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  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of methods for preparing carbon tungsten nitride, it is that the mixture of the compound or these compounds of tungsten and/or tungstenic and oxygen and organic carbon or inorganic carbon are mixed to form raw material, then directly so that it is generated heat raw material itself energization in reacting furnace and be gradually warming up to 600 DEG C or more, reduction nitridation generation carbon tungsten nitride.It is an advantage of the invention that the thermal efficiency is high, power consumption is low, good product consistency, process stabilizing, and production capacity is big.

Description

A method of preparing carbon tungsten nitride
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of steel metallurgy, are related to the preparation method of carbon tungsten nitride.
Background technique
Carbon tungsten nitride (solid solution or mixed crystal of tungsten carbide, tungsten nitride or tungsten carbide and tungsten nitride, hereinafter referred to as carbon nitrogen Change tungsten) have fusing point high, hardness is big, as superhard material, steel-making additive, wear-resistant material, catalyst etc., is widely used.One As be used as superhard material when, be tungsten carbide.When as catalyst, can be tungsten nitride, tungsten carbide or their mixture or The carbon tungsten nitride of person's solid solution thereof.
The preparation of carbon tungsten nitride has chemical vapour deposition technique (CVD), vacuum plasma sputtering method, and tungsten metal or tungsten close Golden direct nitridation method, tungstic acid CRN method etc..The preparation of industrial tungsten carbide is generally with ammonium paratungstate Beginning raw material is heated to 700 DEG C or so and is decomposed into tungsten oxide WOx (2≤x≤3), then generates gold with hydrogen reducing tungsten oxide Belong to tungsten powder, then obtains tungsten carbide with C raw material or CO metal-carbide tungsten.Three-step reaction divides generally in two or three reactors Duan Jinhang, that is, ammonium paratungstate raw material will could generate tungsten carbide by the heating process for the cooling that heats up twice or three times, Energy consumption is high, long flow path.And During Hydrogen Reducing, it is easy to the biggish tungsten oxide of crystal grain is generated, so that final tungsten carbide products Crystal grain becomes larger.
Also research generates tungsten carbide so that tungsten is white for one step of raw material carbon thermal reduction.Have using tungsten tungsten oxide as raw material, carbon heat is also A former step generates tungsten carbide.
When preparing the carbon tungsten nitride or tungsten nitride of high nitrogen-containing, usually at 700 DEG C or so with ammonia also Yuanzhong Perhaps then tungsten oxide generates nitride with CO or other carbon source carburizings formation carbon tungsten nitride or tungsten carbide and nitrogen to ammonium tungstate The mixed crystal of compound.
Although thermodynamically, the generation of tungsten carbide can carry out at lower than 1000 DEG C, in order to balance reaction power It learns, that is to say for rapid reaction within the limited time and thoroughly, often this step of carburizing reagent is generally at 1200 DEG C with enterprising Row, some are even up to 1600 DEG C.The decomposition of ammonium paratungstate and the reduction reaction temperature of tungsten oxide are more lower, generally 900 DEG C or less.Therefore existing large-scale industrial production tungsten carbide, carburizing reagent generally carry out in molybdenum wire furnace or carbon shirt-circuiting furnace, instead The solid material such as metal tungsten powder or tungsten oxide and/or carbon dust answered are placed in nickel boat or in the crucible of other materials, Heat needs to be transmitted to reaction mass from heater element, and the thermal efficiency is low, and power consumption is high.Material in nickel boat and crucible, internal/external heating The quality conformance of unevenness, product is bad, and also therefore material cannot be accumulated too thick in crucible or nickel boat, and yield is small.And nickel Boat or crucible be easily damaged and easily with product formation adhesion.
In conclusion existing carbon tungsten nitride production process, process is complicated, and equipment capacity is low, and energy consumption is high.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind, low energy consumption, equipment capacity is big, product quality consistency is good, technical process is steady Fixed carbon tungsten nitride production technology.By in reacting furnace with power electrode to tungsten raw material and/or carbonaceous reducing agent or its The solid material direct-electrifying generated in reaction process, then connecing between the resistance or feed particles or block of material itself Electric shock resistance generates heat under the action of electric current and heats solid material.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
Tungsten raw material and/or carbonaceous reducing agent are mixed to form solid material, is then fed into reacting furnace and heats, it is heated Tungsten raw material synthesizes carbon tungsten nitride by reduction carbon nitridation process in a reducing atmosphere in journey, it is characterised in that: the tungsten raw material Are as follows: the mixture of the compound or these compounds of metal tungsten powder and/or tungstenic and oxygen;The heating process are as follows: anti- Answer in furnace by power electrode to the solid material and/or its change in the heating process resulting material (with Lower general designation material) direct-electrifying, is generated heat by the contact resistance between the resistance or material particles or block of material itself Heated material, and the maximum temperature that the material passes through is not less than 600 DEG C, without logical inside the material in preheating section Electricity obtains heat by the gaseous exchange heat transfer of the logistics transmission of heat by contact or the logistics by flowing through energization section with energization section And the preheating that heats up;The solid material is by by tungsten raw material and carbonaceous reducing agent when containing the carbonaceous reducing agent Raw material mixing, roll or squeeze, ball milling, wet-milling and/or briquetting formed;The reduction carbon nitridation process is being less than 5MPa Reducing atmosphere under carry out.
Further, the reacting furnace is to the rotary kiln of the material direct-electrifying, the material is in institute The bringing-up section for the rotary kiln stated forms continuous current path by random packing under gravity in the material together.Or it is described Reacting furnace be to the material direct-electrifying vertical kiln, the material vertical kiln bringing-up section rely on gravity It is packed together in the material and forms continuous current path.
Further, the reducing atmosphere are as follows: methanol, CO, nitrogen, ammonia, hydrocarbon, other gaseous states are carbon containing And/or perhaps their mixture or the reducing atmosphere are the carbonaceous reducing agent to one of organic matter of nitrogen Restore the CO that oxygen containing tungsten compound generates;The carbonaceous reducing agent are as follows: inorganic carbon, graphite, carbon black, active carbon, coke, stone One of oil coke, pitch, starch, cellulose, organic polymer, melamine, paraffin, sugar or their mixture;Institute State reduction carbon nitridation process are as follows: the material is between 300~1700 DEG C by the carbonaceous reducing agent and/or the reduction It hydrogeneous and/or carbon reducing agent reduction and carbonization in atmosphere and/or is nitrogenized by the nitrogen in the reducing atmosphere, and institute The solid material stated and/or its maximum temperature for changing resulting material process are not less than 600 DEG C;The reduction carbon nitrogenized Reduction process, carbonization and/or nitridation process in journey complete (certainly, raw material by the movement of material in the same reacting furnace When for metal tungsten powder, without reduction process);Containing tungsten, carbon and/or nitrogen, on a small quantity without having reacted in the carbon tungsten nitride finished product Oxygen element and the impurity brought into from raw material.
Further, being 10~10000 volts to the voltage of the material direct-electrifying, electric current is 10~100000 Ampere.
Further, the carbonaceous reducing agent in the reduction carbon nitridation process be raw material into before reacting furnace with What tungstenic raw material mixed.
Further, the carbonaceous reducing agent in the reduction carbon nitridation process be CO and/or in temperature-rise period by What organic carbonaceous reducing agent carbonization generated.
Further, iron, the iron oxide for being no more than tungsten weight 20 times (in terms of iron) are added in the solid material One of iron content, cobalt or the carbon nitridation of more than one element is prepared in (in terms of iron), cobalt, cobalt compound (in terms of cobalt) Tungsten alloy.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has a characteristic that
1) apply direct current or alternating voltage directly into solid material with electrode and be passed through electric current, solid material heap puts away this Body has certain resistance, which generates heat under the function of current, eliminates diabatic process of the heat from heater element to material, It avoids to fire resisting material of furnace body and the nondistinctive heating of material, heat utilization ratio is high, and power consumption is low.And it avoids because of heat transfer It is required that and cause the limitation of material accumulation thinner thickness, furnace cavity utilization rate improves, and the thermal efficiency improves, but also reacting furnace fills Set can do it is smaller.
2) it due to carrying out heating reaction by the way of to the heating of raw material direct-electrifying, avoids having used Elema, silicon molybdenum The heater elements such as stick or molybdenum filament and nickel boat or crucible.But also material is easier to be heated to reaction temperature, so that reaction Rate is very fast, and the reaction time shortens, and product oxygen content is low, the product that product free carbon is low, available quality is high.
3) reduction carbon nitridation process can carry out in rotary kiln, further improve the heat and mass mistake in reaction process Journey, so that the reaction time is short, the thermal efficiency is high, and uniform in quality is stablized, and material is movable continuously traveling inside reacting furnace, just In large-scale industrial production, good product consistency.
Specific embodiment
Illustrate specific technical solution of the invention now in conjunction with embodiment.Following embodiment only illustrates skill of the invention Art scheme reliable and effective can be realized, but technical solution of the invention is not limited in following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
1.5 tons of contents are greater than 88.5% and (press WO3Meter) ammonium paratungstate, 281kg pitch, roll mixing with edge runner, pressure ball, Then it is added portionwise in the rotary kiln being powered directly to material and (is turned round using the electric heating that Chinese patent CN103335513A is disclosed Kiln).Solid material is piled between positive and negative anodes, passes through the direct current or alternating current of 3000A between positive and negative anodes.Material successively passes through It crosses warming-up section (namely preheating section), the high temperature section (namely bringing-up section) between rotary kiln positive and negative electrode, temperature descending section discharging.Rotary kiln Discharge end is passed through nitrogen, nitrogen flow 80Nm3/ h, reaction end gas are withdrawn from from rotary kiln feed end.According to output demand, solids Material is in rotary kiln internal stops 3h to 20h etc..1450 DEG C of high temperature section maximum temperature in rotary kiln.Products obtained therefrom carbon containing 6.1%, Nitrogen content 0.1%.Product is in powdery, is further crushed to after 400 mesh as final products.Rotary kiln part carbon tungsten nitride per ton Power consumption about 1200kWh.Because carbon tungsten nitride has the catalytic activity of similar noble metal, as carbon content is excessively high or free in fruit product Carbon is excessively high, and the air of proper proportion can be passed through with nitrogen air inlet, the production using the oxygen in air at 400 DEG C of temperature descending section or more Free carbon in product oxidizes away;Or the hydrogen or ammonia of proper proportion are passed through with nitrogen air inlet, using hydrogen by free carbon methane It eliminates.Tungsten raw material ammonium paratungstate can be changed to the tungsten oxide of identical tungsten mole.
Embodiment 2
Metal tungsten powder, 100kg pitch by 1.5 tons of contents greater than 99.5% roll mixing with edge runner, and pressure ball is then continuous to add Enter in the rotary kiln being powered directly to material (the electric heating rotary kiln disclosed using Chinese patent CN103335513A).Positive and negative anodes Between pile with solid material, by the direct current or alternating current of 3000A between positive and negative anodes.Material successively passes through warming-up section (namely preheating section), the high temperature section (namely bringing-up section) between rotary kiln positive and negative electrode, temperature descending section discharging.Rotary kiln discharge end is logical Enter nitrogen, nitrogen flow 80Nm3/ h, reaction end gas are withdrawn from from rotary kiln feed end.According to output demand, solid material is being turned round Kiln internal stops 3h to 20h etc..1350 DEG C of high temperature section maximum temperature in rotary kiln.Products obtained therefrom carbon containing 5.9%.Product is in powder Shape is further crushed to after 400 mesh as final products.Rotary kiln part carbon tungsten nitride power consumption about 1050kWh per ton.Because of carbon Tungsten nitride has the catalytic activity of similar noble metal, if carbon content is excessively high in fruit product or free carbon is excessively high, can with nitrogen into Gas is passed through the air of proper proportion, using the oxygen in air 400 DEG C of temperature descending section and with upper section by the free oxidation of coal in product Fall;Or the hydrogen or ammonia of proper proportion are passed through with nitrogen air inlet, free carbon methanation is removed using hydrogen.The secondary tungsten of tungsten raw material Sour ammonium can be changed to the tungsten oxide of tungsten mole in proportion.
Embodiment 3
1.5 tons of contents are greater than to white (the Ca WO of tungsten of 77.0% (based on WO3)4), 140kg carbon black+140kg graphite powder, use rolling Machine rolls mixing, then pressure ball is added portionwise in the rotary kiln being powered directly to material (using Chinese patent CN103335513A The electric heating rotary kiln of disclosure).Solid material is piled between positive and negative anodes, passes through the direct current of 4500A or friendship between positive and negative anodes Galvanic electricity stream.Material successively passes through warming-up section (namely preheating section), the high temperature section (namely bringing-up section) between rotary kiln positive and negative electrode, Temperature descending section discharging.Rotary kiln discharge end is passed through nitrogen and CO, total flow 80Nm3/h, and reaction end gas is withdrawn from from rotary kiln feed end. According to output demand, solid material is in rotary kiln internal stops 3h to 20h etc..High temperature section maximum temperature 1400 in rotary kiln ℃.Products therefrom is washed out into deoxidation calcium or calcium carbide (calcium carbide pays attention to the safety problem for the acetylene released), institute with dilute hydrochloric acid Product carbon containing 5.8% is obtained, is crushed to after 400 mesh as final products.Rotary kiln part carbon tungsten nitride power consumption about 1700kWh per ton.
Embodiment 4
Ammonium paratungstate of 1.5 tons of contents greater than 88.5% (based on WO3) is added portionwise in the rotary kiln being powered directly to material (the electric heating rotary kiln disclosed using Chinese patent CN103335513A).Solid material is piled between positive and negative anodes, in positive and negative anodes Between pass through the direct current of 3000A or alternating current (nitrogenizing tungsten product with carbon when starting to be powered heating).Material is successively by rising Temperature section (namely preheating section), the high temperature section (namely bringing-up section) between rotary kiln positive and negative electrode, temperature descending section discharging.Rotary kiln discharging End is passed through ammonia+natural gas+CO2, total flow 80Nm3/h, reaction end gas withdraws from from rotary kiln feed end.According to output demand, Solid material is in rotary kiln internal stops 3h to 20h etc..950 DEG C of high temperature section maximum temperature in rotary kiln.Products obtained therefrom carbon contains Amount 1.1%, nitrogen content 5.1%.Product is in powdery, is further crushed to after 400 mesh as final products.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of method of preparation of industrialization carbon tungsten nitride, is mixed to form solid material for tungsten raw material and/or carbonaceous reducing agent, so After be fed into reacting furnace and heat, tungsten raw material is synthesized by reduction carbon nitridation process in a reducing atmosphere in heating process Carbon tungsten nitride, it is characterised in that: the tungsten raw material are as follows: the compound or these compounds of metal tungsten powder and/or tungstenic and oxygen Mixture;
The heating process are as follows: in reacting furnace by power electrode to the solid material and/or its described plus Change resulting material (hereinafter referred to as material) direct-electrifying in thermal process, by the resistance or material particles of material itself or Contact resistance fever and heated material between person's block, and the maximum temperature that the material passes through is not less than 600 DEG C;
The solid material passes through before entering the reacting furnace by tungsten raw material when containing the carbonaceous reducing agent With carbonaceous reducing agent mixing, roll or squeeze, ball milling, wet-milling, and/or briquetting;
The reduction carbon nitridation process carries out under the reducing atmosphere less than 5MPa.
2. the method according to claim 1 for preparing carbon tungsten nitride, it is characterised in that: the reacting furnace is to described Material direct-electrifying rotary kiln, the material the rotary kiln bringing-up section by random packing under gravity together in institute Continuous current path is formed in the material stated.
3. the method according to claim 1 for preparing carbon tungsten nitride, it is characterised in that: the reacting furnace is to described Material direct-electrifying vertical kiln, the material vertical kiln bringing-up section by random packing under gravity together described Material in form continuous current path.
4. the method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3 for preparing carbon tungsten nitride, it is characterised in that: the reduction Atmosphere are as follows: methanol, CO, nitrogen, ammonia, hydrocarbon, other gaseous states be carbon containing and/or one of the organic matter of nitrogen or it Mixture or the reducing atmosphere be CO that the oxygen containing tungsten compound of the described carbonaceous reducing agent generates;
The carbonaceous reducing agent are as follows: coal, graphite, carbon black, active carbon, coke, petroleum coke, pitch, biological material, You Jigao One of molecule, melamine, paraffin, sugar or more than one mixture;
The reduction carbon nitridation process are as follows: the material is between 300~1700 DEG C by the carbonaceous reducing agent and/or described Reducing atmosphere in hydrogeneous and/or carbon reducing agent reduction and carbonization and/or by the reducing atmosphere nitrogen nitrogenize, And the maximum temperature that the material passes through is not less than 600 DEG C;
Reduction process, carbonization and/or nitridation process in the reduction carbon nitridation process are by the movement of material same It is completed in reacting furnace;
It is brought into the carbon tungsten nitride finished product containing tungsten, carbon and/or nitrogen, on a small quantity without reacted oxygen element and from raw material Impurity.
5. the method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4 for preparing carbon tungsten nitride, it is characterised in that: to described The voltage of material direct-electrifying is 10~10000 volts, and electric current is 10~100000 amperes.
6. the method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5 for preparing carbon tungsten nitride, it is characterised in that: described Carbonaceous reducing agent in reduction carbon nitridation process is in raw material into being mixed before reacting furnace with tungsten raw material.
7. the method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5 for preparing carbon tungsten nitride, it is characterised in that: described goes back Carbonaceous reducing agent in former carbon nitridation process be CO and/or in temperature-rise period by organic carbonaceous in the carbonaceous reducing agent Reducing agent carbonization generates.
8. the method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7 for preparing carbon tungsten nitride, it is characterised in that: described The iron for being no more than tungsten weight 20 times (in terms of iron), iron oxide (in terms of iron), cobalt, cobalt compound are added in solid material (with cobalt Meter), one of iron content, cobalt or the carbon nitridation tungsten alloy of more than one element is prepared.
CN201811411251.3A 2018-11-24 2018-11-24 A method of preparing carbon tungsten nitride Pending CN109399586A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110257646A (en) * 2019-06-14 2019-09-20 长安大学 A kind of process for smelting magnesium and device
CN110592377A (en) * 2019-08-02 2019-12-20 长安大学 Metal magnesium carbon thermal reduction process and device
CN114836729A (en) * 2022-05-17 2022-08-02 合肥安德科铭半导体科技有限公司 WCN film deposition method with adjustable work function

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110257646A (en) * 2019-06-14 2019-09-20 长安大学 A kind of process for smelting magnesium and device
CN110592377A (en) * 2019-08-02 2019-12-20 长安大学 Metal magnesium carbon thermal reduction process and device
CN114836729A (en) * 2022-05-17 2022-08-02 合肥安德科铭半导体科技有限公司 WCN film deposition method with adjustable work function

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Application publication date: 20190301