CN102992419A - Method and apparatus for desalinating water as well as method and apparatus for irrigating desalted water - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method and an apparatus for desalinating water as well as a method and an apparatus for irrigating desalted water used for enhancing the separation efficiency and saving energy, wherein the apparatus comprises an evaporating chamber, seawater source, a capillary evaporation plant and a heat exchange device, the capillary evaporation plant comprises an liquid suction section and an evaporation section, the liquid suction section is associated to the seawater source for sucking the seawater of the seawater source, the evaporation section is positioned in the evaporating chamber; the heat exchange device has an air inlet, a heat exchange pipeline and a fresh water outlet, the air inlet is communicated to the evaporating chamber, the heat exchange pipeline is contacted to seawater in the seawater source for heating the seawater which is supplied to the liquid suction section, and then condensing the water vapor in a heat exchange pipeline.

Description

Desalination water method, device and desalination water irrigation method, device

Technical field

The present invention relates to the method for water desalination and the device of water desalination.

Background technology

Tellurian water resources is very abundant, but wherein 97% is the seawater that can't drink and irrigate, is the glacier of the South Pole and the arctic and in remaining 3% major part is arranged, and can't be utilized easily.And earth fossil energy reduces day by day, and the day of distance exhaustion is very few, so utilize fossil energy to come desalination water, cost is too high.Therefore utilize the natural energy resources such as sun power to come the desalination water heat subject of nearest ten several years, although new technology constantly release, still most of technology all face all respects such as cost and technology restriction and can't large-scale promotion.

But maximum problem all is the use of energy, and the energy of namely desalinating water needs per ton is too high.Fresh water breaks away from from seawater in fact, if the fresh water after breaking away from is identical with seawater temperature, that just means that fresh water does not absorb any energy, is lost in the gas on every side so the loss of the energy of desalination water is heat.The method of now large-scale desalination water device fabrication desalination water is multistage flash evaporation and reverse osmosis method, the cost of its desalination water is approximately 4 kilowatt-hour/tons, and about 5～6 yuan/tons, or suitable height, especially for agricultural provides water, so high cost is unacceptable.Therefore reducing energy consumption is the subject matter that the present invention will solve.

United States Patent (USP) 2009/0173617 has disclosed a kind of capillary materials and has promoted the desalination water device, the water source is introduced the bottom of a container, and be submerged in the part of capillary porous material in the water source and therefrom suction, then use that the water in the heating porous material makes it flash to water vapor on the adjacent heating unit of the part that do not had by water logging with capillary porous material, water vapor is collected at top at container, also used hot swapping to recycle heat in the patent, its method is that the hot steam on collection container top is incorporated near the heating unit of porous material, comes the preheating water source with the heat in the desalination water simultaneously.Patent has been paid attention to wicking action and has been promoted evaporation and heat exchange to reduce total energy consumption, it is not high that but the method for direct heating capillary porous material obtains vaporization efficiency, because only have the porous material of contact thermal source well to be heated, consume more energy and accelerate evaporation with fan in its patent, do not use in addition good thermal insulation layer in the patent.

Chinese patent application number is the method that 200910070802.9 patent application has disclosed a kind of solar chimney desalination water, it utilizes the solar energy collector harvest energy, and inflow solar chimney, then use high-pressure hydraulic pump that water is brought up to the chimney middle part, by spraying plant seawater is sprayed, and allow the heat of gas in the solar chimney and the seawater that will flow into shower nozzle carry out heat exchange, and realize energy recovery, produce simultaneously desalination water.The shortcoming of this method is to design complexity, and laid down cost is higher, and the solar energy utilization ratio is lower, because still there is the part heat to flow in the air.

Chinese patent application number be 200810065079.0 patent disclosed a kind of utilize heating seawater and reduce the air pressure mode produce water vapour, and utilize deep sea water to come method for water vapor condensation.But the utilization ratio of this method heat is lower, because there is not the measure of heat recovery and utilization.

China Patent No. is that 200410020623.1 and 200410020624.6 patent has disclosed a kind of carbon fiber wicking action of utilizing and draws moisture content and evaporation, then so that water vapor passes through the way of cooling plate condensation, and cold plate directly connects seawater, realized the exchange of heat, but the mode efficient of this energy exchange is lower.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of desalination water method, device and desalination water irrigation method, device, it has higher separation efficiency and energy-conservation.

For realizing described purpose, the desalination water device of one aspect of the present invention is characterized in, comprising: evaporator room; Source of seawater; The capillary evaporation device has imbibition section and evaporation part, and imbibition section and source of seawater are associated, and to draw the seawater of source of seawater, this evaporation part is positioned at evaporator room; And heat exchanger, have gas inlet, heat exchange pipe and water outlet, this gas inlet is communicated to evaporator room, and this heat exchange pipe contacts with seawater in the source of seawater, be supplied to the seawater of this imbibition section with heating, simultaneously the water vapour in the condensation heat exchange pipeline.

Described desalination water device, its further characteristics are that whole or high-temperature part is arranged in the heat insulation environment.

Described desalination water device, its further characteristics are, also comprise the voltage stabilizing passage, and the water outlet of heat exchanger is connected to this voltage stabilizing passage, this voltage stabilizing channel arrangement has air extractor or vacuum extractor, so that the air pressure of this voltage stabilizing passage is less than the air pressure of this evaporator room.

Described desalination water device, its further characteristics be, also comprises gas switch, and this gas switch is arranged on this voltage stabilizing passage, and this gas switch is opened when the air pressure of voltage stabilizing passage reaches design load.

Described desalination water device, its further characteristics are, also comprise the fresh water container, the fresh water container communicates with this water outlet, be furnished with the auxiliary heat switch in the fresh water container, the heat exchange pipe of this auxiliary heat switch is laid in this fresh water container, and the heat exchange pipe of this this auxiliary heat switch is connected with the seawater that is supplied to this imbibition section.

Described desalination water device, its further characteristics are, the imbibition section of capillary evaporation device penetrates sealing ply, the sealing layer allow seawater along the kapillary of capillary evaporation device in the wicking action current downflow, and the gas in the prevention evaporator room flows into source of seawater, collects simultaneously residual solids behind the evaporation of seawater.

For realizing described purpose, the present invention's desalination water device on the other hand is characterized in, comprising: evaporator room; Source of seawater; The capillary evaporation device has imbibition section and evaporation part, and imbibition section and source of seawater are associated, and to draw the seawater of source of seawater, this evaporation part is positioned at evaporator room; And heat exchange material, it is inner and/or on every side to be distributed in evaporator room, and carries out heat exchange with water vapour, becomes desalination water with condensed steam.

Desalination water device according to a further aspect of the invention, its further characteristics are that the bottom of evaporator room is provided with water storage tank and breather hole.

Desalination water device according to a further aspect of the invention, its further characteristics be, source of seawater is sea container or seawater pipeline, and the capillary evaporation device is drawn seawater in sea container or the seawater pipeline to the evaporation part, to evaporate by wicking action in evaporator room.

For realizing described purpose, desalination water irrigation rig of the present invention has desalination water device according to a further aspect of the invention, and described heat exchange material comprises soil, but planting plants in the soil, and plant irrigated.

Described desalination water irrigation rig, its further characteristics be, the evaporation part of capillary evaporation device be positioned at soil on, and be provided with the xln returnable, be blended in the soil with the xln that prevents evaporation of residual.

For realizing described purpose, the desalination water device of further aspect of the present invention is characterized in, comprising: the solar energy heating canopy; Evaporation tank, solar energy heating canopy cover on the evaporation tank; The capillary evaporation device has suction section and evaporation part, and suction section is used for the seawater of absorption evaporation tank, and the evaporation part is by the heat heating evaporation in the solar energy heating canopy; Solar chimney is positioned on the solar energy heating canopy, and a passage is provided, and this passage forms chimneyeffect to the gas in the solar energy heating canopy; And refrigerating unit, be arranged in the gas flow paths and/or, be used for the water coolant steam on every side.

Desalination water device according to a further aspect of the present invention, its further characteristics are, pass to the source seawater in the refrigerating unit, take this source seawater as cooling media steam is cooled off, and the seawater in the refrigerating unit is connected by the seawater conduit with syphonic effect with the seawater in the evaporation tank.

Desalination water device according to a further aspect of the present invention, its further characteristics be, comprises the fresh water container, and the fresh water container is positioned at the below of solar chimney, to be collected in the fresh water that is condensed in the solar chimney.

For realizing the desalination water method of described purpose, be characterized in, may further comprise the steps: A, utilize capillary evaporation device adsorbing seawater, and evaporate the seawater of this absorption at a high-temperature area; B, with this high-temperature area by pipeline connection to a low-temperature region, and make between this high-temperature area and this low-temperature region and have draught head, so that the gas of high-temperature area flows to this low-temperature region naturally by means of this pipeline; And C, this pipeline is contacted with the seawater that the capillary evaporation device will adsorb, and make the outer seawater of gas and pipeline in the pipeline carry out heat exchange, to heat the described seawater that will adsorb, the interior water vapour of condenser pipe becomes desalination water simultaneously.

Described desalination water method, its further characteristics are, in step B, utilize air extractor or vacuum extractor to extract the interior air of low-temperature region, high-temperature area and connecting pipeline, thereby improve the ratio of water vapour in the desalination water process, to such an extent as to so that the evaporation of high-temperature area carry out by means of sun power.

Described desalination water method, its further characteristics be, configuration voltage stabilizing passage, so that this voltage stabilizing passage capable of being reacts the air pressure of this high-temperature area, and disposes baroswitch in this voltage stabilizing passage, this gas switch is opened when the air pressure of voltage stabilizing passage reaches design load.

Described desalination water method, its further characteristics are to carry out each step in an environment that integral body is heat insulation or high-temperature part is heat insulation.

Described desalination water method, its further characteristics are, also comprise step D, the water that is condensed in the pipeline is collected in the fresh water container, in this fresh water container, lay the auxiliary line of auxiliary heat switch, the seawater that logical capillary evaporation device will adsorb in this auxiliary line is so that outer fresh water and the interior seawater of auxiliary line of auxiliary line carries out heat exchange, with the seawater in the heating auxiliary line.

For realizing the desalination water irrigation method of described purpose, be characterized in, may further comprise the steps: A, utilize capillary evaporation device adsorbing seawater, and the seawater of absorption is delivered in the evaporator room of ground table section, evaporate the seawater of this absorption to absorb sun power in the ground table section; The diffusion that B, the water vapour that is evaporated are spontaneous and flowing is carried out heat exchange with soil and/or evaporator room housing, and is condensed into desalination water, to keep ground moistening, for plant-growth provides desalination water.

Described desalination water irrigation method, its further characteristics be, the evaporation part of capillary evaporation device is arranged on the soil, so that the capillary evaporation device absorbs sun power, and avoids soil to be heated, and dries out.

Desalination water method for another aspect of the present invention of realizing described purpose is characterized in, may further comprise the steps: utilize capillary evaporation device adsorbing seawater, and utilize solar energy heating canopy heating capillary evaporation device, to evaporate the seawater of its absorption, form water vapour; Utilize chimneyeffect to drive water vapour and in a passage, flow, and condensed steam becomes desalination water.

Desalination water method according to a further aspect in the invention, be characterized in, utilize Mare Frigoris water around the path of flow of water vapor and/or the water coolant steam is come in inside, to obtain the seawater after fresh water obtains to heat up simultaneously, and utilize flowing of siphonic effect guiding seawater, seawater after the intensification is flow near the capillary evaporation device, adsorb for the capillary evaporation device.

Preceding method, device not only are applicable to seawater, also are suitable for the separation of industry solution, also are fit to brackish water, and required energy can be sun power, also can be other energy such as wind energy and electric energy.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of the sea water desalinating plant of first embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 is respectively the synoptic diagram of each variation of the configuration of evaporator room in the sea water desalinating plant of first embodiment of the invention, capillary evaporation device.

Fig. 6 is the synoptic diagram of the seawater desalination system of third embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 7 is the synoptic diagram of the seawater desalination system of fourth embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 8 is the synoptic diagram of the seawater desalination system of fifth embodiment of the invention.

Embodiment

Each embodiment of aftermentioned utilizes wicking action from source liquid assimilating liquid, and by the kapillary transmission and in the kapillary transmittance process or at port vaporised liquid capillaceous, described liquid is the different liquid mixture of boiling point, also can be the liquor that contains other impurity, the for example separation of alcohol from water, the separation of fresh water from seawater perhaps extracted underground water with wicking action and carried out purifying etc.Source liquid is and separates liquor before, is generally the mixture of many kinds of substance.Be the mixture of the mineral substance such as fresh water and salt such as seawater.Because class of liquids is various, below among each embodiment, only so that fresh water is separated into working process and the principle that example comes tracing device from seawater.

In each embodiment of aftermentioned, the capillary evaporation device is to make a general reference the material that can be flooded profit to make, and has capillary device, can be used for transmitting water, preserve water, thereby enlarge the liquid evaporation area.For example the capillary evaporation device utilizes kapillary to make reticulated structure, is conducive to expand the contact area of water and gas.The capillary evaporation device also can be bibulous porous material, such as sponge etc.And utilize the wicking action generation siphonage of capillary evaporation device to enlarge evaporation area, also be one embodiment of the invention.

For a cylindrical shape kapillary, water and contact area capillaceous are proportional to the radius in kapillary cross section, and the gravity of water in the kapillary, then be proportional to section radius capillaceous square, that is to say, when the kapillary sectional area reduced, the volume of water or gravity reduced sooner than capillary force, namely thinner kapillary so that water can along kapillary transmit higher.

The below is the method for weighing wicking action and calculating surface tension of liquid in kapillary by the height that water is risen, considers that the power of surface tension of liquid is:

2πγcosθ＝ρghπr ²

The formula of capillary liquid in pipe lifting height is as follows:

$h=\frac{2\mathrm{\γ}\cos \mathrm{\θ}}{\mathrm{\ρgr}}$

Herein: γ=surface tension; θ=contact angle; ρ=fluid density; G=universal gravity constant; The r=capillary radius.

When θ＞90 degree, this expression meniscus is convex surface; H＜0 represents that fluid descends at kapillary simultaneously.For on sea level, filled the Glass tubing of water,

γ＝0.0728J?m ^-2，θ＝20°，ρ＝1000kg?m ^-3，g＝9.8m?s ^-2

Then the water height is:

$h\≈\frac{1.4\×{10}^{-5}}{r}\mathrm{nr}$

Therefore radius capillaceous is less, and the height of liter waterborne is just higher.With existing nanotechnology, radius r capillaceous can accomplish 10 ^-9The m magnitude, then h can reach about 10 ⁴The magnitude of m.In the practical application, r is 10 ^-6M namely 1 micron the time, namely can obtain the height of about 14m, and when r was 10 microns, the height of about 1.4m that can rise can satisfy the application requiring of different heights.In addition, theoretically, if being parallel to the horizontal plane of water in the container, places in kapillary, and the maximum height that height can rise less than water in the kapillary, then water can be drawn onto the position of infinity, especially ought capillaceously be placed on the horizontal plane of water in the container following the time, water can be drawn onto the position of infinity faster.

Below the kapillary mentioned among each embodiment, be not to be a tiny pipe, also can be two cylinders mutually near the time space that produces, this narrow and small space is exactly kapillary, and the porous network structure that has a large amount of such kapillary braidings to form just becomes an embodiment of capillary evaporation device.Each cylinder is the material that can be flooded profit, cotton fibre, the corpus fibrosums such as glass fibre.The same such as suctions such as towel and clothes, be because the tight small gap formation kapillary that produces of close line, be close together and produce capillary so the cotton fiber in the daily life and cotton synthetic fibre fiber etc. all are filaments.Be different materials, different Fibre diameters, the wicking action effect that obtains is not identical.

The capillary evaporation device that the present invention uses need to be that source liquid is had very strong wicking action, can produce again the material of larger evaporation area, reasonable material comprises glass wire or net, nylon fibre line or net, and other porous materials, have device than strong absorptive such as sponge etc.

The velocity of evaporation of liquid, with the temperature of liquid, the air pressure of fluid surface, the surface-area of liquid, and fluid surface vapor concentration etc. is relevant.When temperature raises, the liquid evaporation Speed improving; When fluid surface air pressure reduces, the liquid evaporation Speed improving; When the surface-area of liquid increased, velocity of evaporation improved; When the fluid surface vapor concentration reduces, the liquid evaporation Speed improving.

Embodiments of the invention utilize capillary evaporation to utilize exactly it to improve evaporation area, improve simultaneously temperature, and the methods such as reduction air pressure promote evaporation.Be covered with the capillary evaporation device a fixing the inside, space, so that under any temperature, the space around the capillary evaporation device arrives its saturated with vapor density rapidly.When at comparatively high temps, have the gas of saturated steam density, be cooled to lower temperature, so just have water vapor condensation and become liquid water.Utilize wicking action to promote evaporation, its advantage is that very large evaporation area can be provided, and also can not produce in addition the seawater of high density, and can produce xln, so easy recovery and processing.The used former water of desalination water comprises seawater, brackish water, contains water or even the contaminated water source of impurity.Following examples are only set forth principle of work of the present invention and process with the example that is separated into of fresh water from seawater.

In each of the embodiments described below, identical Reference numeral represents identical in fact integral part.

The first embodiment

Be illustrated in figure 1 as an embodiment of sea water desaltination water device of the present invention, sea water desaltination water device comprises evaporator room 10, capillary evaporation device 11, heat exchanger 121,122, sea container 13 and fresh water container 14.

The part of capillary evaporation device 11 is associated with sea container 13, to draw the seawater of sea container 13, this part is called imbibition section 110, imbibition section 110 can directly be immersed in the seawater of sea container 13, also can link to each other by pipeline or other liquid feed devices with sea container 13, so that capillary evaporation device 11 is drawn stoste in the sea container 13 by wicking action, sea container 13 can be sea container or ditch or canal, and namely sea container 13 can be various forms of source of seawater.Correspondingly, sea container 13 can be located immediately in the evaporator room 10, also can be placed in the evaporator room 10.

Capillary evaporation device 11 is except having imbibition section 110, also has evaporation part 112, evaporation part 112 can be the rest part except imbibition section 110, also can arrange to pass liquid section between evaporation part 112 and imbibition section 110, namely has the position of playing liquid transmission effect by wicking action.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, diapire 105, sidewall 106,108, roof 107 corrals partly are the scope of evaporator room 10, and the part that capillary evaporation device 11 passes diapire 105 is imbibition section 110, and the part that is positioned at evaporator room 10 is evaporation part 112.

The entrance position of heat exchanger 121 is arranged in the evaporator room 10, and its export department is arranged in the voltage stabilizing path 10 1, and voltage stabilizing path 10 1 is the sidewall adjacent to evaporator room 10 in the embodiment shown in fig. 1.Axial flow fan 123 is installed in the voltage stabilizing path 10 1, and has baroswitch 103.

Sea container 13 is the belows that are positioned at evaporator room 10, if evaporator room 10 is arranged on the platform of sea, sea container 13 can be set directly at marine greatly.

The heat exchange pipe of heat exchanger 121 is laid in the sea container 13, perhaps in the approach sea container 13.

Fresh water container 14 is positioned at the below of sea container 13, and its entrance is positioned at the bottom of voltage stabilizing path 10 1.

Also be equipped with the heat exchange pipe of heat exchanger 122 in the fresh water container 14, the entrance position of heat exchanger 122 is arranged in another source of seawater 15, and source of seawater 15 can directly be the sea, and the export department of heat exchanger 122 is connected to sea container 13.

Evaporator room 10 directly is connected with heat exchanger 121, under voltage stabilizing path 10 1 and baroswitch 103 are controlled, keeps relative closure.Before for the evaporator room heating, the air pressure of air flue is identical in the whole sea water desalinating plant.

When starting working, under the heating of thermal source such as the sun or nichrome wire 104 etc., seawater passes to evaporator room 10 interior evaporations by the wicking action of capillary evaporation device 11 from sea container 13, rising along with temperature, air pressure in the evaporator room 10 is also raising, thereby the gas in the evaporator room 10 flows into heat exchanger 121, flows into voltage stabilizing path 10 1 again, flow in the atmosphere by baroswitch 103 more subsequently.When temperature was elevated to 100 ℃, the air pressure of water vapour reached 1 normal atmosphere, along with the continuation raising of temperature, then can squeeze nitrogen and oxygen outside the auto levelizer, gas in the evaporator room is water vapour almost entirely just like this, and temperature is higher, and then water vapor concentration is just higher.In addition, seawater enters before the capillary evaporation device 10, can carry out preheating in sea container 13 by thermal source, to improve the velocity of evaporation of seawater.

During work, capillary evaporation device 11 produces a large amount of water vapors, a large amount of water vapour enters heat exchanger 121, because the heat exchange pipe of heat exchanger 121 is laid in the sea container 13, therefore water vapour just can carry out heat exchange with the outer seawater of the heat exchange pipe of heat exchanger 121, namely heat from moisture vapor transfer to seawater, cause steam temperature to reduce and be condensed into desalination water, desalination water flows out from the export department of heat exchanger 11, namely enter in the voltage stabilizing path 10 1, and then enter into the fresh water container from the bottom of voltage stabilizing path 10 1.The heat that discharges in the process of water vapor condensation Cheng Shui is by the Absorption by Sea Water in the sea container 13, therefore so that capillary evaporation device 11 always the seawater of extract heat enter evaporator room 10, therefore can improve the velocity of evaporation of seawater, and the heat that thermal source 104 produces is recycled.In addition, colder seawater sinks to sea container 13 bottoms or away from capillary evaporation device 11.Heat exchanger 121 is so that flow to the gas that comes and the sufficient heat exchange of seawater the sea container 13 from evaporator room 10, so that gas can be condensed to become mutually liquid.This is not difficult to accomplish, as long as the area of the heat exchange of heat exchanger 121 improves, simultaneously heat exchanger 121 is divided into several sections of heat insulation series connection and carries out respectively heat exchange, that's all.Such result is, the heat in the whole desalination water device, and major part all is retained in device inside, and can not be lost to outside the device.So that the energy reserving of keeping the operation of whole device is very little.Outside device, be provided with thermal insulation layer 16 in addition, reduce the loss of device internal heat.Especially the evaporator room 10 that temperature is higher and the higher part of sea container 13 interior temperature are reduced to minimum to the loss of heat.And the mode of insulation has the very proven technique such as vacuum heat-preserving or double-layer heat insulation, repeats no more.

The voltage stabilizing path 10 1 and the baroswitch 103 that arrange among Fig. 1, when the desalination water device is started working, utilize vacuum machine, the air that extracts in it by voltage stabilizing path 10 1 and baroswitch 103, so that the gas in the device 100% all is water vapour, can improve like this speed of desalination water after work for some time.Therefore in the evaporator room 10 of high temperature, water-vapour density and air pressure all are higher than the lower heat exchanger of temperature 121 and voltage stabilizing path 10 1, and under this draught head effect, the generation of gas nature is flowed.Before giving evaporator room 10 heating, 121 the heat exchange pipe from evaporator room 10 to heat exchanger, arrive again voltage stabilizing path 10 1, the air pressure of various piece is identical, after being evaporator room 10 heating, temperature in the evaporator room 10 raises, air pressure raises, and gas is saturated steam, and the gas in it begins to flow to heat exchanger 121, reduce at heat exchanger 121 interior gas temperatures, water vapour surpasses saturated steam density, thereby is condensed into desalination water, and air pressure reduces, so that heat exchanger 121 always keeps a draught head with evaporator room 10, so that gas ceaselessly flows.Another method is exactly to be evaporator room 10 heating on one side, on one side the interior air of draw-out device, then be more prone to, to reduce to vacuumize required energy.Because desalination water device shown in Figure 1 utilizes the capillary evaporation device to improve evaporation area, takes simultaneously the step-down mode, so can be described as the capillary flashing desalination unit.

When capillary evaporation device internal gas pressure was too high, too high air pressure must conduct in the voltage stabilizing path 10 1, and this moment, baroswitch 103 was opened automatically, had a small amount of water vapour and heat to flow in the atmosphere.

The fresh water of fresh water container 14 is that water vapor condensation forms.As a preferred embodiment, in fresh water container 14, laid the heat exchange pipe of heat exchanger 122, and the heat exchange pipe of heat exchanger 122 can be simultaneously as the salt water supply pipeline of sea container 13, seawater cold in the source of seawater 15 is imported in the sea container 13, therefore fresh water container 14 can be by means of heat exchanger 122 simultaneously with the seawater that flows into sea container 13 by carrying out heat exchange, so that the heat that thermal source 104 produces further is utilized, be switched in the sea container 13.Therefore, in the whole sea water desalinating plant all heat except be radiated on a small quantity in the atmosphere, it is inner all to be retained in the desalination water device.

Baroswitch 103 can play the effect of protector, to such an extent as to whole device can not damaged because of high temperature even explode.The effect of voltage stabilizing path 10 1 and baroswitch 103: the one, the whole device of pressure damage that produces for when gases are heated, they expand in the chamber that avoids evaporating.So switch is baroswitch, namely when pressure increases to some values, automatically open the certain gas of release.Capillary evaporation device 11 connects seawater in addition, so, if evaporator room 10 internal gas pressures are too high, will extrude sea container 13 to seawater, perhaps affect wicking action, thereby affect the evaporation of seawater.So when air pressure was too high, baroswitch 103 can discharge gas in case locking apparatus is damaged by high pressure, even blast.Voltage stabilizing path 10 1 is to produce low pressure with the another one effect of baroswitch 103.Namely bleed or the gas of vacuum extractor from voltage stabilizing path 10 1 draw-out device by axial fan 123 or other, thereby generation low pressure, along with air pressure reduces, the water vapour content of gas can significantly improve in the device, the ratio regular meeting of water vapour improves greatly in the gas, even to approach all be water vapour, is conducive to like this improve desalination water speed.

For example 20 ℃ the time, the density of saturated steam is 0.01719kg/m3, and 100 ℃ the time, the density of saturated steam is 0.5970kg/m3, so such as Fig. 1, suppose that the source seawater temperature is 20 ℃, maintains 100 ℃ to the gas temperature of evaporator room, so every circulation 1 cubic meter of gas just can obtain the fresh water of about 0.58kg.Suppose that gas flow rate is 1 cubic metre of per second, just can desalinate so obtaining surpassing 300 liters desalination water in one minute.More than be to be based upon to obtain 100 ℃ water vapour, but use sun power generally can only obtain 70 ℃ that the saturated steam density of this moment only has 0.1979, reduces to about 1/3rd.Therefore voltage stabilizing passage and the baroswitch air pressure of gas in the control device of coming together, the ratio of the inner various gases of setting device, thereby the speed of raising desalination water.Especially can allow the gas in the device more be water vapour, even near 100% water vapour, can improve like this speed of desalination water.

Need to prove that when baroswitch 103 is opened, so that voltage stabilizing path 10 1 is when directly connecting ambient atmosphere, whole device still can be worked.Use vacuum unit, so that the reduction of device air pressure inside, and the air pressure in the reduction evaporator room 10 just can take full advantage of sun power and substitute thermal source 104.Because in general, sun power is difficult to being heated in the evaporator room more than 100 ℃, and such as common solar water heater, perhaps other absorb solar device, can only bring up in general 70～80 ℃, and when bringing up to higher temperature, insulation just becomes more difficult, because temperature improves, radiation also just improves, so under shining upon, when temperature was brought up to more than 80 ℃, it is very difficult that the raising of temperature becomes.

In addition among as shown in Figure 1 the embodiment, reduce the air pressure in the evaporator room 10, also has an advantage, that can draw seawater exactly automatically, especially when the air pressure in the evaporator room 10 was subatmospheric, perhaps the temperature of water vapour was lower than 100 ℃, along with the evaporation of seawater, seawater can be automatically from source of seawater for example the source of seawater 15 Fig. 1 replenish and enter in the sea container 13, these characteristics are conducive to embodiment shown in Figure 1 and utilize sun power to come desalination water.

When utilizing sun power, the area of solar energy impinges has determined the speed of desalination water; Area is larger, and the sun power that then utilizes is more, and desalination water speed is larger, and before using in the handle assembly air flue be evacuated, then can improve desalination water speed.

With reference to Fig. 1, be understood that a kind of method of desalination water, an air flue namely is set, air flue connects a high-temperature area and a low-temperature region, high-temperature area is provided with evaporator room 10, so that seawater evaporates at this, and low-temperature region is used for water vapor condensation, and the method for condensation is to carry out heat exchange with the seawater that enters evaporator room, namely will enter heat transferred the seawater of evaporator room.Do not have only having temperature in the situation of other factor affecting, the air pressure of high-temperature area is higher than low-temperature region, and the water-vapour density of high-temperature area also is higher than low-temperature region, thus so that the water vapour automatic stream low-temperature region of high-temperature area evaporation and condensation.So not only realized desalination water, and so that heat utilization repeatedly.Further optimize and be, the ratio of the water vapour in the described air flue is improved, namely extract original air, the draught head of high-temperature area and low-temperature region and density difference all will significantly improve like this, be conducive to the efficient of the mobile of gas and raising desalination water.But to use the capillary evaporation device, then can reduce the volume of evaporator room.

Air flue vacuumizes for this reason, so that the water vapour content in the evaporator room 10 approaches or equals 100%.20 ℃ with 80 ℃ respectively corresponding saturated vapor pressure be 2.3346p/kPa and 47.379p/kPa, differ about 20 times, will produce like this rapid flow of water vapour, thereby desalination water speed also can be very high, and the density of saturated steam corresponding to two temperature is respectively 0.01719kg/m ³And 0.2929kg/m ³, the latter approximately is the former 17 times, so cool to 20 ℃ when 80 ℃ water vapour, water vapour 94% all is converted into desalination water, and this is for utilizing sun power to come desalination water, and is highly beneficial.Use like this characteristics of a liquid, that is exactly that the boiling point of liquid also can reduce when fluid surface air pressure reduces.Seawater also is the same, and like this, even utilize electric energy etc. to come to be heating of seawater, the consumption of energy also can reduce so, thus the energy consumption of saving.

The described embodiment of Fig. 1 is fit to miniaturization device, also be fit to the maximization device, be evaporator room heating with electric energy, just can obtain fast desalination water, what need to do is exactly so that enough large of the length of the heat exchange pipe of heat exchanger 121 and sectional area, can guarantee gas temperature is reduced to identical with the temperature of the seawater of access to plant.And need heating be the upper epidermis part of seawater in the device or be drawn into seawater in the capillary evaporation device, and water vapour by with the seawater heat exchange heat all or major part transfer in the seawater, and hotter seawater always floats over the surface part that goes up most.So permanent operation is gone down, all heats except the small part radiation is fallen, all repeatedly utilizations, thus reduced energy consumption.

Capillary evaporation device and evaporator room

Further inquire into the more specifically configuration of capillary evaporation device, evaporator room to embodiment shown in Figure 5 below in conjunction with Fig. 2.

As shown in Figure 2, wherein the bottom of capillary evaporation device 11 connects the seawater of sea container 13, draw seawater by wicking action, and then from being positioned at the evaporation part evaporation of evaporator room 10, the inlet mouth 109 of evaporator room 10 and air outlet 100 are in respectively the right and left among the figure, the gas that flows into from inlet mouth 109 like this must pass through capillary evaporation device 11, when gas stream is evaporated through device for demonstrating capillarity, and from the gas out of air outlet 100, must comprise a large amount of water vapour, even the water-vapour density that reaches capacity.Inlet mouth 109 is also very important with the arrangement of air outlet 100, and inlet mouth 109 will keep far away with the distance of air outlet 100, forms a long gas channel, so that the gas that flows into contacts with capillary evaporation device 11 fully.Need to prove that the passage at capillary evaporation device 11 places can be all or part of of evaporator room 10, capillary evaporation device 11 also can be directly from the thermal source draw heat like this, is in the gas channel of hot gas of evaporator room.

Along with the evaporation of moisture from capillary evaporation device 11, will inevitably a large amount of solid crystal bodies appear at capillary evaporation device 11, and its main component is salt, calcium etc., also has the part microorganism.Therefore in Fig. 2, between evaporator room 10 and sea container 13, be provided with sealing ply 20, so-called sealing ply 20, mean, in the kapillary by sealing ply 20, seawater can flow out sea container 13 by wicking action along the kapillary of capillary evaporation device 11, under wicking action, stop gas to flow into sea container 13, so sealing ply 20 prevents simultaneously that for the gas of blocking in the evaporator room 10 enters sea container 13 xln from entering in the seawater.The purpose of doing like this is that when capillary evaporation device 11 used kapillaries were very fine and closely woven and uniform, capillary network can promote seawater very high, enters in the sea container 13 and be unlikely to gas.Capillary evaporation device 11 can in the out-of-date generation vibration of gas stream, so that the remaining xln 22 of evaporation can be scattered in the upper surface of sealing ply 20, prevent from falling into seawater.So sealing ply 20 is with capillary evaporation device 11, so that seawater when flowing out sea container 13, stops gas to enter sea container 13, guaranteed that like this seawater supplies endlessly.

Under the obstruct of as shown in Figure 2 sealing ply 20, liquid can rise along capillary evaporation device 11, therefore when heat exchange pipe becomes very thin, under the pressure-acting of water, can't satisfy the demand of steam output, this moment, wicking action can be accelerated flowing of water so, thereby produce larger flow velocity, because cube journey direct ratio of the flow velocity of the kinetic energy of water and water, this just means, the energy of water can have been improved greatly, therefore can water turbine be set at the entrance 131 of this sea container 13, flowing water drives water turbine and runs up, for the fan 123 among Fig. 1 provides power.

Fig. 3 is the modified version of Fig. 2, be characterized in that a sea container 13 places capillary evaporation device 11 middle parts, all be provided with up and down simultaneously sealing ply 20, sea container 13 and capillary evaporation device 11 all are positioned at evaporator room 10, that is to say 11 minutes at least two evaporation parts downward and that upwards propagate of capillary evaporation device, but suction section or imbibition section are all in seawater, the capillary evaporation device can absorb water up and down simultaneously like this, this can regard two groups of capillary evaporation devices equally as, respectively from upper and lower connection sea container.The water that makes progress by the capillary evaporation device need to overcome earth gravity, and downward be along earth gravity, be more prone to so propagate downwards.

Under the floor space same case, when namely horizontal area is restricted, Fig. 3 can be the evaporation part enlarged areas of capillary evaporation device more than one times, and if necessary, area can improve more.Utilize wicking action and action of gravity, can be arranged on higher position to the capillary evaporation device, can form a wet curtain from top to bottom like this, bringing up to larger level with the contact area of gas.Capillary utilization is in all directions, i.e. suction, and water, water guide, and transmit the effect such as water.The capillary evaporation device could seawater to diffusion all around, improve the contact area with gas in a word!

Embodiment shown in Figure 4 provides the comparison of siphonage and capillarity, wherein the suction side of kapillary 41 and kapillary 42 in same water receptacle 131, but the other end of kapillary 41 is lower than horizontal plane A, and the other end of kapillary 42 is higher than horizontal plane A.Suppose that wicking action can be so that water reaches two kapillaries 41,42 vertex, water droplet 411 can be from kapillary 41 subhorizontal ends drippages so, and the water in the kapillary 42 then can not drip.This phenomenon of the kapillary among Fig. 4 41 is exactly so-called siphonage so.Certainly except utilizing kapillary, siphonage also comprises the situation of using conduit.So each of the capillary evaporation device among Fig. 2 is thrown the net and can be designed to the appearance of kapillary 41 among Fig. 4, allow seawater rise first along capillary evaporation device 11 and descend again, thereby in vertical direction expansion evaporation area.Utilize the design of syphonic effect can satisfy the water vapour velocity of evaporation demand of large-scale desalination water facility.

Among Fig. 3 capillary evaporation device 11 be lower than bottom the seawater plane time, just may produce siphonage, namely seawater might be gathered in dripping bottom of capillary evaporation device 11.Therefore Fig. 5 provides a terms of settlement, and namely the least significant end at evaporator room arranges another capillary evaporation device 53, and the water of drippage can be absorbed by following capillary evaporation device 53 like this, thereby further increases evaporation area, also avoids seawater to gather.Also can place the capillary evaporation device more than 131 sea container 13 in addition, by sealing ply 20, so that seawater under gravity and capillary dual function, is propagated downwards and on every side.

Utilize such as the siphonage among Fig. 4, sea container 13 is placed the top of evaporator room 10, capillary evaporation device 11 is in the end outside the container 13, be that the evaporation part is to downward-extension, then by high-pressure hydraulic pump seawater is sent in the sea container 13, utilize wicking action and the syphonic effect of capillary evaporation device 11, so that seawater flows along the capillary evaporation device, so just consisted of a from top to bottom wet curtain of extension in that evaporator room 10 is interior together.Promote greatly the surface-area of evaporation, can under wet curtain, be provided with the solid crystal collection device simultaneously, thereby avoid the generation of salt crust, also utilized the collection of solid crystal thing.

It is pointed out that capillary performance still is not drawn onto higher position to water, also comprise level and propagate downwards, also comprise the effect of solid water, namely water is stayed effect in the kapillary.So with wicking action and syphonic effect, can the very large interior expansion evaporation area of distance of in the vertical direction.Several capillary evaporation device parallel arranged, in the vertical direction extends by wicking action, action of gravity or syphonic effect, like this when gas stream is crossed capillary evaporation device 11, can take away a large amount of water vapour, because the speed of evaporation is when other conditions are identical, proportional with evaporation area, like this in the space that volume is determined, can be so that water vapour be saturated rapidly.

Capillary evaporation device 11 parallel arranged, and the setting of in the vertical direction extension, when air-flow flows through on every side from it, generally can cause the vibration of capillary evaporation device 11, can shake off the solid matter of crystallization on capillary evaporation device 11 like this, thereby avoid solid matter to stop the evaporation of capillary evaporation device 11.The benefit of doing like this is that xln 22 can accumulate in the lower end of capillary evaporation device 11, thereby does not need frequent replacing or clean the capillary evaporation device, saves handling cost.Space around the evaporation part of capillary evaporation device 11 under any temperature, all can reach corresponding saturated very easily, when hot gas flows through, when promoting evaporation, takes away a large amount of water vapour.

Need to prove that capillary evaporation device 11 is propagated water aspect vertically, but be not that the capillary evaporation device must be absolute vertical that what is called vertically is to be parallel to gravity direction, in other words perpendicular to horizontal plane.In other words, the capillary evaporation device can with horizontal plane consist of arbitrarily angled, just wherein a kind of perpendicular to horizontal plane.The parallel arrangement architecture of the reticulated structure of capillary evaporation device and multi-disc has, and adds mobile gas to the effect of capillary network, so that the xln on the capillary evaporation device comes off naturally, is the method for avoiding the xln accumulation and improving life cycle.

In order to utilize sun power, the outside surface of the thermal insulation layer 16 among Fig. 1 should be for transparent, and the outside surface of evaporator room 10 also should be transparent, and heat-sink material is placed in the evaporator room 10, thereby so that more heat stay in the evaporator room 10.Can be the gas in the evaporator room 10 like this, comprise near the gas heating the capillary evaporation device 11.After gas heating heated up, its water-vapour density that contains will improve, thereby improved the speed of desalination water.Certainly the origin of heat of evaporator room 10 also can be wind or electric energy etc. except sun power.Be can be for it heats in a word, the energy that can not pollute again evaporator room 10 interior gases can.Above-mentioned heat-sink material should manufacture black or connect pullous material.

Vapour pressure refers to the steam that exists this liquid on the surface of liquid (perhaps solid), and these steams are exactly the vapour pressure of this liquid to the pressure that fluid surface produces.Such as, just there is water vapor pressure on the surface of water, and when the vapour pressure of water reached gas stagnation pressure on the water surface, water is boiling just.We see that usually water is boiled, and the vapour pressure of water equals a normal atmosphere in the time of 100 ℃ exactly.Vapour pressure varies with temperature and changes, and temperature is higher, and vapour pressure is larger, and is certainly also relevant with class of liquids.Under certain temperature, be in pressure that the steam of equilibrium state produces saturation vapour pressure with the liquid state (or solid-state) of material of the same race, it raises with temperature increases.When the pressure that liquid pure substance steam has was its saturated vapor pressure, gas-liquid two-phase had namely reached and has balanced each other.

Evaporation along with water vapour, capillary evaporation device 11 will inevitably be gone up and can accumulate a large amount of solid salt and other impurity, therefore at first need to carry out preliminary filtration before seawater flows into, and prevents from blocking the seawater passage, secondly capillary evaporation device 11 is wanted and can be changed, and prevents that xln from reducing velocity of evaporation.So this device not only can obtain desalination water, can also obtain mineral substance contained in the water.Collect these mineral substance and can be used as industrial raw material.

The conclusion that can draw is, the first, and the area that can improve capillary evaporation device 11 provides enough water vapour; The second, can by longer or the more long-pending heat exchanger 121 in large section realize the high efficiente callback of heats; The 3rd, can under the effect of thermal insulation layer 16 low-energy loss be fallen, and whole device only needs initial heat to be used for improving temperature in the evaporator room, then keeps flowing of gas with very little energy, just can obtain fast a large amount of desalination waters.

And need to prove, be provided with the evaporator room 10 of capillary evaporation device 11, be part or all of evaporator room 10, in other words, all evaporator rooms 10 can all be flooded with capillary evaporation device 11, so evaporator room 10 capillary evaporation device 11 namely.So just can directly for the water on the capillary evaporation device 11 heats, also can the gas around it be heated.So such as Fig. 2,3,4 evaporator room can be the capillary evaporation device, as long as connect heat exchanger and gas actuating device, just can realize sea water desaltination.The part of the evaporator room at capillary evaporation device place as evaporator room, that is to say the volume that has enlarged high-temperature gas so, can improve total heat in the evaporator room.In other words, can evaporate heating indoor to gas, and then flow into capillary evaporation device 11, when especially utilizing sun power, this mode is more effective.

The second embodiment

As shown in Figure 6, another embodiment for capillary evaporation desalination water device comprises raw water vessel 63, capillary evaporation device 61, and isolating pipelines 62, evaporator room 60, heat exchange material 66, the bottom of evaporator room 60 is provided with breather hole.Its principle is under the irradiation of the sun, evaporator room 60 temperature raise, capillary evaporation device 61 is drawn moisture content from raw water vessel 63, then be evaporated to evaporator room 60 by its evaporation part, along with temperature raises, velocity of evaporation is accelerated, evaporator room 60 top air pressure also increase, thereby so that damp and hot air flows downward, enter the heat exchange material 66 in the evaporator room 60, heat exchange material 66 is in the bottom of evaporator room 60, shined upon, so temperature is lower, thereby make water vapor condensation, the while is absorbed in the desalination water of condensation among the heat exchange material.Around the evaporation part of capillary evaporation device, be provided with xln returnable 65, be blended in the heat exchange material 66 to prevent xln.Can carry out heat exchange with condensed steam except described heat exchange material 66, also comprise material or device that other can directly contact with water vapour, such as evaporation so that the shell of housing, sea container etc.Isolating pipelines 62 can be the part of raw water vessel, and the surface-area that also can increase isolating pipelines simultaneously promotes the condensation of water vapour.

The 3rd embodiment

Device shown in Figure 7 is the application examples of embodiment shown in Figure 6, particularly carry out the device of plant irrigation, it is the device that the capillary evaporation desalination water is irrigated, wherein heat exchange material 66 comprises for the soil of plant-growth and other materials in the soil, can directly utilize soil to cool off for water vapour, and the desalination water of absorption condensation.So by this device, can directly inject seawater 610 or be stored into the raw water vessel 63 of plant 76 roots below, wicking action by capillary evaporation device 61 attracts to the earth's surface, in an evaporator room 60, absorb solar heat and evaporate, and the bottom of evaporator room 60 is the soil for plant-growth, soil has ventilation property, be subjected to like this water vapour of thermal evaporation, will flow along the space of soil, and by temperature lower be cooled to fresh water, and be stored among the soil, so just can be for plant 76 growths.The position of source water receptacle 63 can be decided as required, can be embedded in undergroundly, also can be positioned over the earth's surface, guarantee that seawater 610 can not flow out to the soil from capillary evaporation device 61, can be delivered to again the evaporation part of capillary evaporation device 61 simultaneously.What the device among Fig. 7 was different from desalination water device shown in Figure 1 is, heat exchange material comprises soil, and soil also is the container of preserving water, and soil has this ability to preserve moisture content.

The root of plant 76 places among the soil, and other parts of plant 76 can grow into outside the evaporator room 60, and guarantees the stopping property of evaporator room 60 and plant 76 contact parts by having elastic material, prevents that water vapour runs off.Also can all be limited in plant 76 all parts among the evaporator room, as the vegetables planted in big canopy of planting in winter.So device shown in Figure 7 is a device that directly utilizes sun power and seawater to irrigate freshwater plant 76.To night, along with the reduction of temperature, the temperature of the upper surface of evaporator room 60 at first turns cold in addition, and water vapour will be condensed into desalination water at upper surface like this, directly is penetrated in the soil, is then absorbed by plant 76.Obviously the upper surface area of evaporator room 60 is larger, and the water of condensation is also just more so, and plant 76 getable moisture content are also just more.When temperature raises, air pressure in the evaporation raises, flow in water vapour evaporation and the space among soil, be condensed into fresh water, and work as to night, after temperature reduces, the evaporator room internal gas pressure reduces, the outer air of evaporator room is inhaled in the evaporator room again, thereby has guaranteed the ventilation property that plant root soil is good, is conducive to plant-growth.

Capillary evaporation device 61 is covered within the evaporator room 60, on the soil, can allow like this capillary evaporation device absorbing heat, and avoid soil to be heated, dry out, seawater evaporates from the capillary evaporation device and lowers the temperature, and avoids soil overheated, causes plant dead.But after the evaporation of seawater, can stay the mineral substance such as salt crystal, therefore under the evaporation part of capillary evaporation device 61, also be provided with xln returnable 65, preserve the rear residual crystallizable mineral body of evaporation, avoid it to fall among the soil, change the soil property of soil.In addition, the bottom of the raw water vessel 63 among Fig. 7 can link to each other with water supply line, so that several this devices connect being aligned, or even a net, carry out large-area irrigation.But the process that stores water or injected water can not be leaked, because penetration of sea water in soil, can cause the soil property of soil to change equally, and is difficult to retrieve.

In order to improve the ventilation property of soil, can in soil, increase some vegetable fibre materials, when can increase the nutrition of soil like this, prevent soil block and lose ventilation property, to guarantee the fluid of water vapour, realize the ground moistening effect.It is less that the present invention can be used for fresh water, and the more rich coastland of seawater, perhaps surrounding area, brackish water lake.Along with the carrying out of evaporation, it is moistening that soil becomes, thereby its ventilating pit is flooded into and constantly reduces, thereby suppress evaporation.After moisture content is by plant absorbing, then can continues evaporation, thereby guarantee after nearly all sea water desaltination all by plant absorbing, and can not slattern, thereby help its growth.The freshwater plant growth just can be cultivated, the xylophyta that especially throughout the year gives birth in the place that seawater is arranged like this.And plant immature period especially, because grow up when plant, the heat that the capillary evaporation device absorbs reduces, evaporation slows down, like this plant at all lower water intaking the in depth on one's own account.

Contact with the direct of soil for fear of seawater, transmit in the process of seawater at capillary evaporation device 61, as shown in Figure 7, be provided with isolating pipelines and allow and be isolated from each other, prevent running off in advance and the leakage of seawater of moisture.In addition, the mineral substance that stays in order to avoid evaporating or soil particle etc. fall into sea container, therefore so that isolating pipelines and capillary evaporation device close contact guaranteeing the capillary evaporation capillary while of device, avoid staying larger space.Evaporator room 60 as shown in Figure 7, its effect are to prevent that water vapour is lost in the air, avoid again the air in the evaporator room to be heated, and water vapour evaporation generation high pressure, damage container, so leave breather hole in the bottom of container.In addition, evaporator room 60 can be made to the air-locked film of flush type that extends all around by one, and water vapour can be to extending under film all around like this, and the water vapour place of arrival will be absorbed by the lower soil of temperature, thus so that ground moistening.Do like this and be conducive to large-area planting plants.If use in desert and Gobi area, then need evaporator room to be semi-closed state, reduce and the contacting of sand, avoid the loss of moisture.Soil in the present embodiment can be used for plant-growth, condensed steam and storage moisture content etc., these soil are in the evaporator room bottom, perhaps can directly touch the place of water vapour, and touch the desalination water of condensation gained in the evaporator room, and whole desalination water irrigation rig is placed oneself in the midst of among the relatively drier soil 77, and soil 77 may be the bodies such as sandy soil, Gobi desert.So this desalination water irrigation rig can provide desalination water for the initial stage of growth and development of plants, grow up and work as plant, after root system is dealt into, can be deep into the bottom of soil 77---contain the zone of underground water, to keep the plant continued growth.Thereby offer help for the plant growing of arid area.

Fig. 7 draws seawater by the capillary evaporation device, under the sun power effect, evaporate, and by contacting with lesser temps soil, natural condensation becomes desalination water, perhaps in the time of night, mercury dropped and be condensed into desalination water all falls into the soil of plant root, absorbed near the Irrigation Problems of plant growing that this mode has solved the seashore and made things convenient for the area of seawater circulation by plant root.Briefly, in the arid area that lacks fresh water, with seawater plant irrigating under the sun power effect.

Evaporator room extends upward from the earth's surface, so that whole branches and leaves of plant are all in evaporator room, like this because be damp and hot air in the evaporator room, so that plant is more prone to growth.Certainly for enough carbonic acid gas are provided, can be the evaporator room ventilation at night.Simultaneously can collect at the wall of evaporator room both sides the desalination water of condensation, for people's life provides fresh water or regulates and irrigate.Capillary evaporation device 61 can provide larger evaporation area in limited space, and by absorbing sun power promotion evaporation of seawater, be simultaneously the evaporator room cooling, utilize simultaneously flowing of water vapour, dissipation of heat among the bottom soil, evaporator room overheated and damage plant root or stem etc. have been avoided like this.According to the solar energy density of locality, can select evaporator room over against the area of the sun in addition, in the time of necessary, can by reflection, reduce the irradiated area of evaporator room.

Embodiment as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, wherein the position at raw water vessel 63 places can be below capillary evaporation device 61, rely on wicking action with Evaporation evaporation of seawater to be become water vapour, but raw water vessel 63 also can be arranged on and capillary evaporation device 61 sustained heights or higher, can not flow into heat exchange material by the capillary evaporation device as long as guarantee seawater or brackish water, for example get final product in the soil.And the described device of this embodiment uses when being suitably for botanical seedling culturing, also is fit to developmental process and uses, and also is fit to large-scale agricultural irrigation.

Use soil among Fig. 7, comprise that other materials that contain in the soil come together to be water vapor condensation.In addition, in order to improve the water ability of soil, can in soil, suffer from some the kapillary materials that can degrade etc.The evaporation area of capillary evaporation device is set simultaneously as required, because too much then waste of water evaporates, then plant-growth is required not very little, affects its growth, and this will be determined on a case-by-case basis.If in addition raw water vessel is removed, and directly in depth lower the suction side of capillary evaporation device, then can be directly from underground water intaking.Yardstick in depth then is decided by the wicking action intensity of capillary evaporation device.And wicking action is stronger, and is then in depth lower darker, so just can be the wicking action of underground water by the capillary evaporation device, be adsorbed onto the earth's surface, and then in its evaporation part evaporation, then be condensed among the soil, do like this to help seedling growth in the early stage.

Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 also show a kind of method, namely with the evaporation of seawater by capillary evaporation device 61, produce the desalination water of condensation by the heat exchange of water vapour and soil, to keep the heat exchange ground moistening, for plant-growth provides the method for desalination water, be a kind of agricultural in seawater or the sufficient area of brackish water or scheme that forestry is irrigated of solving.Other as shown in Figure 7 embodiment, its capillary evaporation device 61 itself just has the effect of water pipe, namely can conduct seawater from afar, can enlarge like this area of evaporation of seawater, also can when big area is irrigated, reduce the number of raw water vessel 63.

The 4th embodiment

Be illustrated in figure 8 as another embodiment of desalination water device of the present invention, it can be described as solar chimney desalination water device, comprises solar chimney 88, solar energy heating canopy 85, refrigerating unit 87, capillary evaporation device 81, sea container 83 and fresh water container 84.Sea container 83 is separated former water tank 83 and evaporation tank 831, and solar energy heating canopy 85 covers on the evaporation tank 831.The suction section of capillary evaporation device 81 is used for the seawater of absorption evaporation tank 831, and the evaporation part is by the heat heating evaporation in the solar energy heating canopy 85.Solar chimney 88 is positioned on the solar energy heating canopy 85, and a passage is provided, and this passage forms chimneyeffect to the steam that the capillary evaporation device produces.Refrigerating unit 87 is used for being used for cooling steam to around the vapor flow path that is looped around the capillary evaporation device.In the sea container 83 seawater is housed, seawater in its former water tank 83 is Mare Frigoris water, and the seawater in the evaporation tank 831 is relative hot sea water, and place in the solar energy heating canopy 85, suction section by capillary evaporation device 81 draws seawater from sea container 83, in its evaporation part evaporation, improved the area of evaporation of seawater.Shining upon down, solar energy heating canopy 85 interior temperature raise, and promote the evaporation of seawater, when enough many of capillary evaporation device 81, can be so that the water vapour in the solar energy heating canopy 85 reach capacity, and namely relative humidity approaches or equals 100%.

Under the chimneyeffect effect of solar chimney 88, the gas that contains saturated steam, flow into solar chimney 88, and move upward, be provided with refrigerating unit 87 on solar chimney 88 tops, refrigerating unit 87 is water cooling plant in embodiment as shown in the figure, carry out heat exchange when water vapour enters solar chimney 88 with water cooling plant 87 and seawater conduit 86, thereby so that temperature reduce, thereby so that the water vapour supersaturation in the gas, thereby the liquid state of being condensed into has realized the desalination of seawater.Condensation and the desalination water that obtains can flow in the fresh water container 84 that is arranged at its bottom by chimney 88 passages by sunwise.Can be provided with heat insulation and preservation device in the outside of solar chimney 88 and solar energy heating canopy 85, to reduce the loss of heat.In addition, fresh water container 84 can be arranged among the solar chimney 88, thereby can directly supply water to the resident.

Among the embodiment shown in Figure 8, solar energy heating canopy 85 all is certain slope, and local high what be connected with solar chimney 88, the gas that assurance is heated flows into solar chimney 88, its characteristics are to be provided with unique water cooling plant 87, water cooling plant 87 is full of seawater, be enclosed in partly or completely outside the solar chimney 88, directly carry out heat exchange by the outer wall of solar chimney 88 and the gas in the solar chimney 88, and by conduit 86 connection evaporation tank 831 and former water tanks 83, and so that the seawater of former water tank 83 flows out from the top from the below inflow of water cooling plant, this is because the heat of the interior gas of Absorption by Sea Water solar chimney, therefore heat up, seawater after the intensification floats over top, then flows into evaporation tank 831 along the seawater conduit, plays the dual function of cooling and heat recuperation.This water cooling plant 87 has utilized siphon principle, does not therefore need extra energy to drive.Although the gas temperature in the solar chimney 88 can reduce because of refrigerating unit 87, its total medial temperature will be higher than the medial temperature of outside air, to guarantee solar chimney 88 interior gas flow.

Solar chimney 88 as shown in Figure 8 and water cooling plant 87 can be set to a plurality of walking abreast, and to enlarge total gas passage area, improve simultaneously cooling efficiency.Increase simultaneously quantity, can reduce device to the requirement of height, and higher, then construction cost is more expensive.The double layer design on single unit system surface can realize insulation among the embodiment.When the embodiment that utilizes Fig. 8 carries out desalination water because do not seek gas because need condensed steam, so do not need high velocity air, therefore do not need very strong chimneyeffect, thus highly lower, be easy to build.In solar chimney 88, be covered with from top to bottom seawater conduit 86, cool off when namely allowing gas rise.So solar chimney 88 herein refers to play the gas passage of chimneyeffect, can allow the gas that can be heated at solar energy heating canopy 85 of its bottom rise along this gas passage.

The height of solar chimney 88 and water cooling plant 87 will take allow more water vapor condensation as desalination water as purpose.Because the desalination water ratio of condensation is higher, the heat that then reclaims is also just more, and the amount of desalination water is also just more.So the solar chimney 88 among Fig. 8 and the height of water cooling plant 87 are not more high better.The height should with heat exchange effect, contact area considers.Because heat exchange needs the higher temperature difference to realize the high speed heat exchange, can't pass through water cooling plant 87 condensations so must have part water vapour, at this time just can by solar chimney 88 heat loss in air, namely by producing heat exchange between solar chimney 88 and the atmosphere, come remaining water vapor condensation.So Fig. 8 is in order to improve the speed of desalination water, the heat of a possibility recovery part.

The embodiment of Fig. 8, a kind of method is provided, namely utilize sun power to add the water vapour of a large amount of high temperature of thermogenesis for seawater or brackish water, and utilize these water vapour solar energy heating canopy 85 to focus on solar chimney 88 bottoms, then be sent to the high-altitude by solar chimney 88, and in the process of gas flow, be gas cooling, make the water vapor condensation in the gas become desalination water.And realize the recovery of heat by the mode of water-cooled.And water-cooling pattern is as using seawater conduit 86, so seawater conduit 86 can be arranged on solar energy heating canopy 85 below, also be arranged in the solar chimney 88, can realize the desalination of seawater, but in order to improve desalination speed, then need to decide as the case may be.In other words, water cooling plant 87 is arranged on and can be the place of water vapor condensation, but can't stop gas to be concentrated to solar chimney 88, and also barrier gas does not upwards flow out solar chimney 88.But when gas entered atmosphere from solar chimney 88 outflows, temperature was lower, and then capacity usage ratio is higher.So water cooling plant 87 can be arranged in the solar energy heating canopy 85, also can be arranged on the solar chimney 88, perhaps exist simultaneously.Especially when coming with water cooling plant 87 or seawater conduit 86 etc. to lower the temperature for gas, because energy can from newly being back to solar energy heating canopy 85, so recycled with regard to the energy that is, improve utilization ratio greatly.

Need to prove that water cooling plant 87 or seawater conduit 86 etc. can use separately, also can use simultaneously, to guarantee when gas flow rate is very large, obtains more desalination water.Especially water cooling plant 87 and seawater conduit 86 can heat recuperation in thermal-arrest canopy 85, improve the utilization ratio of heat greatly.Flowing of seawater in water cooling plant 87 and the seawater conduit 86 can obtain according to siphon principle simultaneously, namely the difference according to two port water levels of inwelling produces mobile, also can produce by modes such as driven by power high-pressure hydraulic pumps mobilely, promote seawater and on every side gas to carry out good heat exchange.

Fresh water container 84 in embodiment illustrated in fig. 8 can be decided according to type and the position of refrigerating unit 87.Because refrigerating unit 87 is arranged on solar chimney 88 tops, and that refrigerating unit 87 generally can not be reduced to the temperature of the gas that flows through is lower than the density of air of its environment of living in, therefore the existence of refrigerating unit 87 does not affect the chimneyeffect of solar chimney 88, and perhaps impact is little.Refrigerating unit 87 just can obtain in the high-altitude desalination water of condensation like this, and is stored in the high-altitude, considers following solar chimney 88, just forms a water tower, so just can directly be that the resident of area life on every side supplies water.

Can under the effect of voltage stabilizing conduit and baroswitch, keep the sealing of safety among aforementioned each embodiment.When starting working, by the voltage stabilizing conduit, pass through vacuum first, the gas of draw-out device inside, thus low pressure produced, and under the effect by the capillary evaporation device, so that the ratio of whole device internal water steam near 100%, and then is carried out the manufacturing of desalination water.So to the requirement of sealing, in the view apparatus, especially the temperature of evaporator room and deciding.Because the temperature of whole device various piece is different, water-vapour density is also different, so the also regional diffusion to low pressure of nature of the zone of high pressure.That is to say like this, as long as the gas around the capillary evaporation device is the saturated steam of high temperature, what water vapor so will be natural flows to the heat exchanger internal diffusion, simultaneously at gas actuating device, perhaps under the effect of chimney device, will reach mobile fast.

Desalination water device among each embodiment that the present invention mentions namely can be large-scale facility, also can be miniaturization, when especially not using sun power, is easy to accomplish miniaturization.The desalination water device can be built in the land, also can swim in the seawater.And according to origin of heat, can be divided into again solar wind-energy, and can be divided into again electric energy, come minute according to air pressure, can divide normal pressure and low-pressure type.For the mode of desalinating with sun power, need occupation of land larger, to obtain more solar energy; And heat and driving gas little many of floor space with electric energy.So design specialized product according to actual needs.Relative position between each integral part of the desalination water device of mentioning among aforementioned each embodiment will be decided according to the needs of actual environment and application.The position of capillary evaporation device for example, it is fixed to come according to the water level of the seawater of capillary evaporation device suction section and capillary evaporation device self wicking action intensity, and briefly wicking action is stronger, and water level is higher, and then the capillary evaporation device is also just higher.

Need to prove, all solar chimney desalination water embodiment, the source of its energy also can derive from other energy such as electric energy etc. except the sun, also can be that various energy resources is used jointly.Especially this type of small-sized desalination water device can utilize sun power and electric energy energy mix to accelerate velocity of evaporation, to improve the speed of desalination water.The capillary evaporation device of using among above all embodiment in addition produces a large amount of xln because distill for a long time and adheres on it, can clean by regular replacing and solve, and also can collect the solid crystal body and do industrial raw material.The method of cleaning is very simple, directly utilizes large marine seawater to clean and gets final product, and this is a considerable advantage of capillary evaporation.

Claims (23)

1. the desalination water device is characterized in that, comprising:

Evaporator room;

Source of seawater;

The capillary evaporation device has imbibition section and evaporation part, and imbibition section and source of seawater are associated, and to draw the seawater of source of seawater, this evaporation part is positioned at evaporator room; And

Heat exchanger, have gas inlet, heat exchange pipe and water outlet, this gas inlet is communicated to evaporator room, and this heat exchange pipe contacts with seawater in the source of seawater, be supplied to the seawater of this imbibition section with heating, simultaneously the water vapour in the condensation heat exchange pipeline.

2. desalination water device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, whole or high-temperature part is arranged in the heat insulation environment.

3. desalination water device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise the voltage stabilizing passage, the water outlet of heat exchanger is connected to this voltage stabilizing passage, this voltage stabilizing channel arrangement has air extractor or vacuum extractor, so that the air pressure of this voltage stabilizing passage is less than the air pressure of this evaporator room.

4. desalination water device as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, also comprises gas switch, and this gas switch is arranged on this voltage stabilizing passage, and this gas switch is opened when the air pressure of voltage stabilizing passage reaches design load.

5. desalination water device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise the fresh water container, the fresh water container communicates with this water outlet, be furnished with the auxiliary heat switch in the fresh water container, the heat exchange pipe of this auxiliary heat switch is laid in this fresh water container, and the heat exchange pipe of this this auxiliary heat switch is connected with the seawater that is supplied to this imbibition section.

6. desalination water device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the imbibition section of capillary evaporation device penetrates sealing ply, the sealing layer allow seawater along the kapillary of capillary evaporation device in the wicking action current downflow, and the gas in the prevention evaporator room flows into source of seawater, collects simultaneously residual solids behind the evaporation of seawater.

7. a desalination water device is characterized in that, comprising:

Evaporator room;

Source of seawater;

The capillary evaporation device has imbibition section and evaporation part, and imbibition section and source of seawater are associated, and to draw the seawater of source of seawater, this evaporation part is positioned at evaporator room; And

Heat exchange material carries out heat exchange with water vapour, becomes desalination water with condensed steam.

8. desalination water device as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, the bottom of evaporator room is provided with water storage tank and breather hole.

9. desalination water device as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, source of seawater is sea container or seawater pipeline, and the capillary evaporation device is drawn seawater in sea container or the seawater pipeline to the evaporation part, to evaporate by wicking action in evaporator room.

10. a desalination water irrigation rig has desalination water device as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that described heat exchange material comprises soil, but planting plants in the soil, and plant irrigated.

11. desalination water irrigation rig as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, capillary evaporation device evaporation part be positioned at soil on, and be provided with the xln returnable, be blended in the soil with the xln that prevents evaporation of residual.

12. the desalination water device is characterized in that, comprising:

The solar energy heating canopy;

Evaporation tank, solar energy heating canopy cover on the evaporation tank;

The capillary evaporation device has suction section and evaporation part, and suction section is used for the seawater of absorption evaporation tank, and the evaporation part is by the heat heating evaporation in the solar energy heating canopy;

Solar chimney is positioned on the solar energy heating canopy, and a passage is provided, and this passage forms chimneyeffect to the gas in the solar energy heating canopy; And

Refrigerating unit is arranged in the gas flow paths and/or, is used for the water coolant steam on every side.

13. desalination water device as claimed in claim 12, it is characterized in that, pass to the source seawater in the refrigerating unit, take this source seawater as cooling media steam is cooled off, and the seawater in the refrigerating unit is connected by the seawater conduit with syphonic effect with the seawater in the evaporation tank.

14. desalination water device as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, comprises the fresh water container, the fresh water container is positioned at the below of solar chimney, to be collected in the fresh water that is condensed in the solar chimney.

15. the desalination water method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:

A, utilize capillary evaporation device adsorbing seawater, and evaporate the seawater of this absorption at a high-temperature area;

B, with this high-temperature area by pipeline connection to a low-temperature region, and make between this high-temperature area and this low-temperature region and have draught head, so that the gas of high-temperature area flows to this low-temperature region naturally by means of this pipeline; And

C, this pipeline is contacted with the seawater that the capillary evaporation device will adsorb, and make the outer seawater of gas and pipeline in the pipeline carry out heat exchange, to heat the described seawater that will adsorb, the interior water vapour of condenser pipe becomes desalination water simultaneously.

16. desalination water method as claimed in claim 15, it is characterized in that, in step B, utilize air extractor or vacuum extractor to extract the interior air of low-temperature region, high-temperature area and connecting pipeline, thereby improve the ratio of water vapour in the desalination water process, to such an extent as to so that the evaporation of high-temperature area carry out by means of sun power.

17. desalination water method as claimed in claim 15, it is characterized in that configuration voltage stabilizing passage is so that this voltage stabilizing passage capable of being reacts the air pressure of this high-temperature area, and in this voltage stabilizing passage, disposing baroswitch, this gas switch is opened when the air pressure of voltage stabilizing passage reaches design load.

18. desalination water method as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that, carries out each step in an environment that integral body is heat insulation or high-temperature part is heat insulation.

19. desalination water method as claimed in claim 15, it is characterized in that, also comprise step D, the water that is condensed in the pipeline is collected in the fresh water container, in this fresh water container, lay the auxiliary line of auxiliary heat switch, the seawater that logical capillary evaporation device will adsorb in this auxiliary line is so that outer fresh water and the interior seawater of auxiliary line of auxiliary line carries out heat exchange, with the seawater in the heating auxiliary line.

20. the desalination water irrigation method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:

A, utilize capillary evaporation device adsorbing seawater, and the seawater of absorption is delivered in the evaporator room of ground table section, evaporate the seawater of this absorption to absorb sun power in the ground table section;

The diffusion that B, the water vapour that is evaporated are spontaneous and flowing is carried out heat exchange with soil and/or evaporator room housing, and is condensed into desalination water, to keep ground moistening, for plant-growth provides desalination water.

21. desalination water irrigation method as claimed in claim 20 is characterized in that, the evaporation part of capillary evaporation device is arranged on the soil, so that the capillary evaporation device absorbs sun power, and avoids soil to be heated, and dries out.

22. the desalination water method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:

Utilize capillary evaporation device adsorbing seawater, and utilize the solar energy heating canopy to collect solar heating capillary evaporation device, to evaporate the seawater of its absorption, form water vapour;

Utilize chimneyeffect to drive water vapour and in a passage, flow, and condensed steam becomes desalination water in the process that flows.

23. desalination water method as claimed in claim 22, it is characterized in that, utilize Mare Frigoris water around the path of flow of water vapor and/or the water coolant steam is come in inside, to obtain the seawater after fresh water obtains to heat up simultaneously, and utilize flowing of siphonic effect guiding seawater, seawater after the intensification is flow near the capillary evaporation device, adsorb for the capillary evaporation device.

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