CN102988752B - 一种黄精饮片的生产方法 - Google Patents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
本发明公开了一种黄精饮片的生产方法,将黄精洗净去杂质,捞入蒸笼内,放锅中蒸6~8小时,蒸至黄黑色揉软为度,晒干,然后再放入蒸笼内复蒸一次,取出晒至八成干,投入缸内,加盖湿布,润透取出,切成厚薄片,日晒夜露,晒干得到,同时提供了黄精的种植方法,包括选种待播、选地整地、播种方法、田间管理、追肥、防病治病和采取加工七个步骤,本发明遵循古代传统炮制,优于传统工艺,生产效率高,收率高,节约能源;适合大规模工业生产;而且本发明的种植方法简单,成本低,易于推广,在黄精生长发育的关键阶段进行处理,并且结合科学、合理的肥料,合适的种植密度等栽培措施综合进行栽培,能使黄精的产量大大提高,营养成分高,种植得到的黄精天然绿色健康,同时也对环境减少了污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种黄精饮片的生产方法,属于中药生产技术领域。
背景技术
黄精,又名老虎姜、鸡头参,为百合科植物滇黄精(Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl.)、黄精(Polygonatum sibiricum Red.)或多花黄精(Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua.)的干燥根茎,根据原植物和药材性状的差异,黄精可分为姜形黄精、鸡头黄精和大黄精三种。
黄精具有降血压,降血糖,降血脂,防止动脉粥样硬化,延缓衰老和抗菌等作用,黄精多糖具有免疫激活作用。用于阴虚肺燥,干咳少痰,及肺肾阴虚的劳嗽久咳等。用于脾胃虚弱,既补脾阴,又益脾气,用于肾虚精亏得头晕,腰膝酸软,须发早白及消渴等。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种黄精饮片的生产方法。
为了实现上述目的本发明采用如下技术方案:
黄精饮片的生产方法,将黄精洗净去杂质,捞入蒸笼内,放锅中蒸6~8小时,蒸至黄黑色揉软为度,晒干,然后再放入蒸笼内复蒸一次,取出晒至八成干,投入缸内,加盖湿布,润透取出,切成厚薄片,日晒夜露,晒干得到。
所述的黄精的种植方法包括选种待播、选地整地、栽种、施肥、病虫害防治和采取七个步骤,具体内容如下:
(1)选种待播:选择饱满、优质的果实作种子,晒干贮藏,播种前20-25天用药液浸种12-15h,药液是含有80-100ppm赤霉素、1-2%的钼酸铵、1-2%硫酸锰的水溶液,然后取出种子,播种的时间应定在9-10月;
(2)选地整地:选择湿润和有充分荫蔽的地块,土壤以质地疏松、保水力好的壤土或砂壤土种植,翻开土壤28-35厘米,掺入一层2-3cm的竹炭、粉煤灰、滑石粉和酒糟的混合物,并加入少许磷、钾肥,所述的竹炭、粉煤灰、滑石粉和酒糟的混合比例为6:8:5:9-11;
(3)育苗:在上述步骤(2)选择的土地上均匀的开挖若干均匀排列的深度为25-32cm 的播种洞,所述的播种洞内放置10-15%粉煤灰、20-30%烟叶沫和余量的田园土共500克,然后用土覆盖;然后将种子均匀地撒入播种洞内,每个播种洞内放入2-3粒种子,再稍盖薄土,以盖住种子为度,随后轻镇压种子与土紧密结合;
(4)田间管理:
每年于4、6、9、11月各进行除草1次,然后跟随追肥1次;
(5)施肥:基肥使用经无害化处理的农家肥料为主,以化肥为辅,生长期每亩追肥总量为:缓释尿素5-10公斤、氯化钾3-5公斤、磷酸二氢钙10-15公斤、硫酸亚铁2-3公斤、硼砂0.5-1.0公斤、钼酸铵0.2-0.3公斤、硫酸锌1-2,混合施用;
(6)病虫害防治:黄精的病害主要有黑斑病、蛴螬,防治方法前期喷施1:1:90-110波尔多液,每7天1次,连续2-3次,田间发生期,用90%敌百虫800-900倍液浇灌,也可以喷施防病剂;
(7)采收:一般春、秋两季采收,以秋季采收质量好,栽培3-4年秋季地上部枯萎后采收,挖取根茎,除去地上部分及须根,洗去泥土,置蒸笼内蒸至呈现油润时,取出晒干或烘干。
所述的黄精的种植方法,其特征在于:防病剂的制备方法如下:将硫酸锌1-2份、桉树叶3-5份、苦参8-10份、穿心莲5-7份、红藤9-11份、龙葵2-3份、胎生狗脊蕨4-6份、苦楝树皮3-7份、白英12-15份;中药按各重量份粗粉碎后混合,用水提取二次,得到提取物浸膏,干燥研末保存,使用时和硫酸混合直接兑800-1000份水喷雾。
所述的缓释尿素通过以下方法制备:
(1)、称取钠米碳与海泡石粉,二者的重量比例为0.1:3-4;
(2)、将海泡石粉在400-450℃下煅烧2-3小时,将海泡石粉、钠米碳混合,再加入相当于海泡石粉重量4-5倍的冬青油中,加入相当于海泡石粉重量2-3%的液化石蜡、1-2%的平平加O、3-4%的羧甲基纤维素、3-5%氢氧化铝,高速2500-3500转/分搅拌,得到分散相;
(3)、将分散相喷洒在尿素颗粒外,烘干。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明遵循古代传统炮制,优于传统工艺,生产效率高,收率高,节约能源;适合大规模工业生产;而且本发明的种植方法简单,成本低,易于推广,在黄精生长发育的关键阶段进行处理,并且结合科学、合理的肥料,合适的种植密度等栽培措施综合进行栽培,能使黄精的产量大大提高,营养成分高,种植得到的黄精天然绿色健康,同时也对环境减少了污染。
具体实施方式
实施例1:黄精饮片的生产方法,将黄精洗净去杂质,捞入蒸笼内,放锅中蒸6~8小时,蒸至黄黑色揉软为度,晒干,然后再放入蒸笼内复蒸一次,取出晒至八成干,投入缸内,加盖湿布,润透取出,切成厚薄片,日晒夜露,晒干得到。
所述的黄精的种植方法包括选种待播、选地整地、栽种、施肥、病虫害防治和采取七个步骤,具体内容如下:
(1)选种待播:选择饱满、优质的果实作种子,晒干贮藏,播种前20-25天用药液浸种12-15h,药液是含有80-100ppm赤霉素、1-2%的钼酸铵、1-2%硫酸锰的水溶液,然后取出种子,播种的时间应定在9-10月;
(2)选地整地:选择湿润和有充分荫蔽的地块,土壤以质地疏松、保水力好的壤土或砂壤土种植,翻开土壤28-35厘米,掺入一层2-3cm的竹炭、粉煤灰、滑石粉和酒糟的混合物,并加入少许磷、钾肥,所述的竹炭、粉煤灰、滑石粉和酒糟的混合比例为6:8:5:9-11;
(3)育苗:在上述步骤(2)选择的土地上均匀的开挖若干均匀排列的深度为25-32cm 的播种洞,所述的播种洞内放置10-15%粉煤灰、20-30%烟叶沫和余量的田园土共500克,然后用土覆盖;然后将种子均匀地撒入播种洞内,每个播种洞内放入2-3粒种子,再稍盖薄土,以盖住种子为度,随后轻镇压种子与土紧密结合;
(4)田间管理:
每年于4、6、9、11月各进行除草1次,然后跟随追肥1次;
(5)施肥:基肥使用经无害化处理的农家肥料为主,以化肥为辅,生长期每亩追肥总量为:缓释尿素5-10公斤、氯化钾3-5公斤、磷酸二氢钙10-15公斤、硫酸亚铁2-3公斤、硼砂0.5-1.0公斤、钼酸铵0.2-0.3公斤、硫酸锌1-2,混合施用;
(6)病虫害防治:黄精的病害主要有黑斑病、蛴螬,防治方法前期喷施1:1:90-110波尔多液,每7天1次,连续2-3次,田间发生期,用90%敌百虫800-900倍液浇灌,也可以喷施防病剂;
(7)采收:一般春、秋两季采收,以秋季采收质量好,栽培3-4年秋季地上部枯萎后采收,挖取根茎,除去地上部分及须根,洗去泥土,置蒸笼内蒸至呈现油润时,取出晒干或烘干。
防病剂的制备方法如下:将硫酸锌2份、桉树叶5份、苦参10份、穿心莲5份、红藤11份、龙葵3份、胎生狗脊蕨6份、苦楝树皮7份、白英12份;中药按各重量份粗粉碎后混合,用水提取二次,得到提取物浸膏,干燥研末保存,使用时和硫酸锌混合直接兑800-1000份水喷雾。
缓释尿素通过以下方法制备:
(1)、称取钠米碳与海泡石粉,二者的重量比例为0.1:3-4;
(2)、将海泡石粉在400-450℃下煅烧2-3小时,将海泡石粉、钠米碳混合,再加入相当于海泡石粉重量4-5倍的冬青油中,加入相当于海泡石粉重量2-3%的液化石蜡、1-2%的平平加O、3-4%的羧甲基纤维素、3-5%氢氧化铝,高速2500-3500转/分搅拌,得到分散相;
(3)、将分散相喷洒在尿素颗粒外,烘干。
通过上述的种植方法种植黄精,产量高,品质好,有效成分含量高,而且长势好,没有病害,肥效可长期发挥作用,有利于黄精生长。比同样地块白芍产量提高30%以上。通过上述的种植方法种植地黄,亩产量为600-800公斤之间。
Claims (1)
1.一种黄精饮片的生产方法,其特征在于:将黄精洗净去杂质,捞入蒸笼内,放锅中蒸6 ~ 8 小时,蒸至黄黑色揉软为度,晒干,然后再放入蒸笼内复蒸一次,取出晒至八成干,投入缸内,加盖湿布,润透取出,切成厚薄片,日晒夜露,晒干得到;
所述的黄精的种植方法包括选种待播、选地整地、栽种、施肥、病虫害防治和采取七个步骤,具体内容如下:
(1)选种待播:选择饱满、优质的果实作种子,晒干贮藏,播种前20-25 天用药液浸种12-15h,药液是含有80-100ppm 赤霉素、1-2% 的钼酸铵、1-2% 硫酸锰的水溶液,然后取出种子,播种的时间应定在9-10 月;
(2)选地整地:选择湿润和有充分荫蔽的地块,土壤以质地疏松、保水力好的壤土或砂壤土种植,翻开土壤28-35 厘米,掺入一层2-3cm 的竹炭、粉煤灰、滑石粉和酒糟的混合物,并加入少许磷、钾肥,所述的竹炭、粉煤灰、滑石粉和酒糟的混合比例为6:8:5:9-11 ;
(3)育苗:在上述步骤(2)选择的土地上均匀的开挖若干均匀排列的深度为25-32cm的播种洞,所述的播种洞内放置10-15% 粉煤灰、20-30% 烟叶沫和余量的田园土共500 克,然后用土覆盖;然后将种子均匀地撒入播种洞内,每个播种洞内放入2-3 粒种子,再稍盖薄土,以盖住种子为度,随后轻镇压种子与土紧密结合;
(4)田间管理:
每年于4、6、9、11 月各进行除草1 次,然后跟随追肥1 次;
(5)施肥:基肥使用经无害化处理的农家肥料为主,以化肥为辅,生长期每亩追肥总量为:缓释尿素5-10 公斤、氯化钾3-5 公斤、磷酸二氢钙10-15 公斤、硫酸亚铁2-3 公斤、硼砂0.5-1.0 公斤、钼酸铵0.2-0.3 公斤、硫酸锌1-2,混合施用;
(6)病虫害防治:黄精的病害主要有黑斑病、蛴螬,防治方法前期喷施1 :1 :90-110 波尔多液,每7 天1 次,连续2-3 次,田间发生期,用90% 敌百虫800-900 倍液浇灌,也可以喷施防病剂;
(7)采收:一般春、秋两季采收,以秋季采收质量好,栽培3-4 年秋季地上部枯萎后采收,挖取根茎,除去地上部分及须根,洗去泥土,置蒸笼内蒸至呈现油润时,取出晒干或烘干;
防病剂的制备方法如下:将硫酸锌1-2 份、桉树叶3-5 份、苦参8-10 份、穿心莲5-7 份、红藤9-11 份、龙葵2-3 份、胎生狗脊蕨4-6 份、苦楝树皮3-7 份、白英12-15 份;中药按各重量份粗粉碎后混合,用水提取二次,得到提取物浸膏,干燥研末保存,使用时和硫酸锌混合直接兑800-1000 份水喷雾;
所述的缓释尿素通过以下方法制备:
(1)、称取钠米碳与海泡石粉,二者的重量比例为0.1 :3-4 ;
(2)、将海泡石粉在400-450℃下煅烧2-3 小时,将海泡石粉、钠米碳混合,再加入相当于海泡石粉重量4-5 倍的冬青油中,加入相当于海泡石粉重量2-3% 的液化石蜡、1-2% 的平平加O、3-4% 的羧甲基纤维素、3-5% 氢氧化铝,高速2500-3500 转/ 分搅拌,得到分散相;
(3)、将分散相喷洒在尿素颗粒外,烘干。
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