CN102986735B - Efficient environment-friendly water lettuce prevention and control medicine and preparation method and application method thereof - Google Patents
Efficient environment-friendly water lettuce prevention and control medicine and preparation method and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102986735B CN102986735B CN201210526620.XA CN201210526620A CN102986735B CN 102986735 B CN102986735 B CN 102986735B CN 201210526620 A CN201210526620 A CN 201210526620A CN 102986735 B CN102986735 B CN 102986735B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of pest prevention and control, particularly relates to a medicine for preventing and controlling water lettuce, and also relates to a preparation method and an application method thereof. An efficient environment-friendly water lettuce prevention and control medicine consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 30-40% of N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N',N'-dimethylurea, 25-35% of N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine, 20-30% of aluminum potassium sulfate dodecahydrate, 0.2-5% of nonionic surfactant and 0.2-5% of vegetable oil. Through the invention, an effect of upper control and lower curing can be realized; 24 days later, the leaves and root tips of the water lettuce thoroughly die and are dissolved, the death rate reaches 100%, and regeneration is avoided; and moreover, the medicine is nontoxic and harmless and environment-free, and prevents influence on the organisms of water bodies (aquatic fish and poultry) as well as secondary pollution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to pest prevention and control technical field, the particularly medicine of prevention and control water lettuce, also relates to preparation method and the application process of this medicine.
Background technology
Water lettuce, has another name called Eichhornia crassipes, weter hyacinth, is perennial pasture and water, originate in South America Amazon River basin, in original producton location Brazil, owing to being subject to the control of biological natural enemy, only with the scattered water body that is distributed in of a kind of ornamental population, China sees 19 provinces and regions in North China, East China, Central China and south China.Within 1901, as flowers, introduce China, introduce inland of China each province as animal and fowl fodder the thirties, and as the plant popularizing planting of viewing and admiring and purifying water, rear escape is wild.Because its vegetative propagation speed is exceedingly fast, the 19Ge provinces and cities in North China, East China, Central China, south China and southwest have now been distributed widely in, especially the invasion economizing with Yunnan (Kunming), Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei, Henan etc. is serious, and be diffused into Temperate Region in China, as Jinzhou, Yingkou one band all have distribution.
Because breeding is rapid, almost do not have again rival and natural enemy (although there is multiple wild, domestic animal, to take its cauline leaf as food, but food ingestion is less, the amount of growth huge with it compared and had no effect), in south China rivers and lakes, development rapidly, becomes one of Invasive Alien Species main in China's poisons in freshwater.
A large amount of weter hyacinths covers river surface, easily causes water quality deterioration, affects the growth of benthon.Weter hyacinth reproduction speed is exceedingly fast, and during growth, can consume a large amount of dissolved oxygens, has almost become the synonym of " pollution "., all there is the situation that weter hyacinth overflows in the famous water bodys such as Dian Chi, Taihu Lake, Huangpu River and Wuhan East Lake, expends huge fund and also cannot effect a radical cure.Weter hyacinth is one of classical case of invasive species harm to the damnous case in Dian Chi.The eighties in 20th century, the desirable water tourism route of grand sight river-Dian Chi-Western Hills has been built up in Kunming, and visitor can go for a sail from city Dian Chi, Western Hills.But the beginning of the nineties, weter hyacinth overgrowing in grand sight river and Dian Chi is caused disaster, and has covered the water surface of whole river surface and part Dian Chi, causes this tourism route to be forced to cancel, the supporting tourist facilities of building in two sides, grand sight river have to be discarded or change and do other purposes, and subterranean stream is also reconstructed in grand sight river.These are direct economic loss, and the Ecological Loss being caused by weter hyacinth is but difficult to estimate.
Prevention and control water lettuce generally adopts the way of physical control (artificial and mechanical control), chemical control or biological control.Artificial salvaging wasted time and energy, and cannot effect a radical cure, and in the chemical control short time, can take effect, but the root of underwater water lettuce is difficult to eradicate, and environment is had to certain pollution, though biological control environmental protection, but control excessive cycle, current most of biological control method also rests on laboratory stage.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is undesirable for current physical control (artificial and mechanical control), chemical control, biological control water lettuce effect, and existing medicine is difficult to thoroughly kill the situations such as water lettuce, a kind of convenient, efficient, economic water lettuce preparation of killing is provided, and provides and preparation method and application process.
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
A water lettuce prevention and control medicine for high-efficiency environment friendly, is comprised of the component of following percentage by weight:
N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N ', N '-dimethyl urea 30 ~ 40%;
N-(phosphono-methyl) glycine 25 ~ 35%;
12 hydrazine aluminum sulfate potassium 20 ~ 30%;
Non-ionic surface active agent 0.2 ~ 5%;
Vegetable oil 0.2 ~ 5%.
In this medicine, N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N ', N '-dimethyl urea (diuron) is by water lettuce Root Absorption, and conduction rapidly in plant body, suppresses amino acid synthetic, makes the very fast stasi of its bud and root; N-(phosphono-methyl) glycine (glyphosate), by water lettuce Foliage Absorption, destroys leaf somatic cell, makes blade face withered rapidly; 12 hydrazine aluminum sulfate potassium (alum) purify the dead harmful substances such as the ammonia nitrogen that produces, phosphorus of water lettuce lodging; Mineral salt are mainly accelerated water lettuce Root Absorption N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N ', N '-dimethyl urea.Vegetable oil effectively suppresses blade face and carries out photosynthesis and respiration, promotes N-(phosphono-methyl) glycine drug effect, accelerate blade face and wither.
The preparation method of the water lettuce prevention and control medicine of above-mentioned high-efficiency environment friendly is: by N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N ', N '-dimethyl urea, N-(phosphono-methyl) glycine, 12 hydrazine aluminum sulfate potassium mix and pulverize, add non-ionic surface active agent, mix, then by its pulverizing, stir evenly, sieve, packing, obtains products A; Vegetable oil is packaged as product B in addition.
The application process of the water lettuce prevention and control medicine of above-mentioned high-efficiency environment friendly is: at N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N ', N '-dimethyl urea, N-(phosphono-methyl) add product B vegetable oil in the products A prepared of glycine, three kinds of materials of 12 hydrazine aluminum sulfate potassium, mix, dilute 250 ~ 350 times, sprayed in water lettuce blade face, dosage is 800 ~ 1200g/ mu.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
The present invention can reach the effect of controlling under control after using medicament.
Control: during dispenser under the effect of vegetable oil, surfactant liquid N-(phosphono-methyl) glycine is easily attached to water lettuce blade face, the run-up of water lettuce iuntercellular nitrogen, respiration and photosynthesis stop, plant is thoroughly dead, 3 days intra vanes are withered, petiole is withered and yellow, root system blackening, and within 15 days, root, petiole produce bacterium, acceleration root system rots, thoroughly dead dissolving afterwards in 24 days.
Control: utilize the extremely strong absorbing capacity of water lettuce root system, with N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N ', N '-dimethyl urea composition is thoroughly administered root head, produces conduction effect from bottom to top, makes plant withered, corruption rapidly.For not being subject to the dead corruption of water lettuce plant, water environment do not affect, with 12 hydrazine aluminum sulfate potassium (alum), purify the harmful substance that the corruption of water lettuce plant produces, lethality reaches 100%, or else demutation, nontoxic, environmentally safe, on water body biological (aquatic products fish and poultry) all without affecting, the target of non-secondary pollution.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with experimental evidence, the present invention will be described in detail.
Experiment effect is good repeatedly between 2006-2010 for this water lettuce preparation; In June, 2010, under the support energetically of the Huizhou City People's Government, under the city Office of Minority Business Enterprises, Technology Bureau's tissue, this water lettuce preparation has carried out large-area pilot plant test (system verification drug effect) in Huang Wu village, Tong Hu town, Zhong Kai high and new technology industrial development zone, 22Qi in June, 2010 Huizhou City Experimental Base, by Huizhou College, city Environmental Protection Agency, water conservancy bureau, environmental sanitation office, the division units such as Zhong Kai high and new technology industrial development zone are followed the tracks of and are identified experimental technique.In this, the selected section of Experimental Base is about 1.5 kilometers, average wide approximately 95 meters, approximately 210 mu of areas, and approximately 2 meters of the depth of waters, highly nearly 1 meter of water lettuce, coverage rate reaches 100%, is water lettuce compact district, upstream, typical water source.On August 22nd, 2010, project pilot plant test completes comprehensively.Middle duration of test is entrusted specially Environmental Technology center, Huizhou City to this water lettuce preparation drug effect and water and environmental influence is identified.Concrete condition is as follows:
(1) basic condition
1. pilot scale place:be positioned at Huang Wu village, Tong Hu town, Zhong Kai high and new technology industrial development zone, Huizhou City river course, location (connecing Tonghu wetland porch), approximately 210 mu of areas (dark 2 meters of long 1500 meters of wide 95 meters of x of x).
the pilot scale time:23 days～August 23 June in 2010, wherein because of late June rainwater more, spray date was interrupted and is carried out from 23～July 15 June.
pilot scale formula used:35% N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N ', N '-dimethyl urea; 30% N-(phosphono-methyl) glycine; 25% alum; 0.5% non-ionic surface active agent; 0.5% vegetable oil.
using method:while killing water lettuce, by 300 times of medicament dilutions, sprayed in water lettuce blade face, dosage is 1000g/ mu.
pilot scale effect:after 24 days, water lettuce is all dead, and root head is thoroughly degenerated, and 100% kills, or else demutation, non-secondary pollution, on water body biological (aquatic products fish and poultry) all without affecting.
toxic and side effect:during pilot scale, in proving ground, there is not the withered phenomenon of other plant, find no dead fish or dead duck situation yet.
(2) water quality monitoring situation
1. sampling time and the frequency:
Monitoring is carried out 6 times altogether, respectively at sampling on June 22 (before medication) in 2010, June 23 (after medication 1 day), July 8 (after medication 15 days), July 20 (after medication 27 days), August 5 (after medication 45 days), August 16 (after medication 56 days).
Sample mode: water quality sampling monitoring before spray medicine, the water quality monitoring of sampling after spray medicine.
monitoring site:
On pilot scale base, lay 5 monitoring sites, wherein 1# is water inlet monitoring point, and 2#-4# is base internal monitoring point, and 5# is water outlet monitoring point.Answer consigner's requirement, after sampling, the water sample mixed in equal amounts of tri-some positions of 2#-4# is become to a water sample.
monitoring project:
26, main monitoring water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH value, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), permanganate index, chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, sulphide, petroleum-type, fluoride, chloride, sulphate, excrement colibacillus group, electrical conductivity, nitrate, anion surfactant, volatile phenol, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, chloride, sulphate, electrical conductivity, heavy metal etc.
monitoring result and analysis:
(1) according to the monitoring result of authorized item, according to water environment quality standard (GB3838-2002), the water quality condition of five monitorings in base is bad V class, and major pollutants are ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand etc.
In (2) six monitorings, the influent concentration of the projects such as total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), permanganate index, sulphate, electrical conductivity is more stable, the influent concentration of the projects such as ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, chloride, dissolved oxygen, excrement colibacillus group has certain fluctuating, wherein excrement colibacillus group and dissolved oxygen are larger, and water outlet change in concentration Amplitude Ratio is intake, aggregate sample relative concentration is larger.Other petroleum-type, fluoride, anion surfactant, pH, volatile phenol, the project concentration such as sulphide are all lower or do not detect, kept stable in water body, after medication on these several pollutants substantially without impact.
(3) aggregate analysis, except affected by calcium, sodium ion etc. in medicine, 1 day when monitoring project concentration such as sulphate, chloride, electrical conductivity obviously raise outer (stable afterwards) after medication, sundry item concentration no exceptions before medication and after medication changes, in water body, the multiple pollutant such as ammonia nitrogen variation tendency in monitoring is several times more stable, and medicine does not produce considerable influence to change of water quality.In integration project, test display effect and expert's tracking and identify, this technology can thoroughly be killed water lettuce, and surrounding environment, water body environment, aquatic organism and poultry etc. are had no adverse effects.
(3) assessment foundation:
1. water environment quality standard (GB3838-2002);
2. report (on August 31st, 2010) is provided at environment protection and monitoring station in Huizhou City's;
3. field investigation situation, photo and related data.
(4) experimental effect analysis:
1. from the situation of site inspection, water lettuce is all totally withered after 60 days through medication, illustrate that this pharmaceutical preparation of this test application can kill water lettuce really, and effect is comparatively remarkable.
2. the impact of the medium of biologic product (liquid) on water quality aspect: from the monitoring result of forward and backward three the monitoring samples of June 22 and 23 days medication, the project concentration such as sulphate, chloride, electrical conductivity obviously raise (afterwards stable), but affect major pollutants COD, total phosphorus, the ammonia nitrogen of water lettuce growth and breeding, the change in concentration of total nitrogen is little, see the following form 1:
The concentration mutual lifting of the pollutant COD that tables of data Benq ground is inner, base exports, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, mainly changes and fluctuates with base import pollutant levels.In general, the medium of biologic product (liquid) is little on water quality impact.
3. the impact of pilot scale on water quality aspect: the monitoring result from June 23 to medication on August 16, the fluctuation of concentration of the pollutant indexs such as COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus is larger, sees the following form 2:
Data show that the change in concentration of pollutant COD, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen is irregular, base is inner, base outlet pollutant levels mainly fluctuate with base import pollutant levels, and the change in concentration that major pollutants COD, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen be described is mainly subject to the impact of base import influent quality.
Claims (3)
1. a water lettuce prevention and control medicine, is characterized in that: the component by following percentage by weight forms:
N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N ', N '-dimethyl urea 30 ~ 40%;
N-(phosphono-methyl) glycine 25 ~ 35%;
12 hydrazine aluminum sulfate potassium 20 ~ 30%;
Non-ionic surface active agent 0.2 ~ 5%;
Vegetable oil 0.2 ~ 5%.
2. the preparation method of water lettuce prevention and control medicine described in a claim 1, it is characterized in that: by N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N ', N '-dimethyl urea, N-(phosphono-methyl) glycine, 12 hydrazine aluminum sulfate potassium mix and pulverize, and adds non-ionic surface active agent, mix, pulverized again, stirred evenly, sieved, packing, obtains products A; Vegetable oil is packaged as separately product B.
3. a right to use requires the application process of water lettuce prevention and control medicine prepared by 2 preparation methods, it is characterized in that: in products A, add vegetable oil products B, mix, dilute 250 ~ 350 times, sprayed in water lettuce blade face, dosage is 800 ~ 1200g/ mu.
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