CN102983629B - Auxiliary decision-making method for on-line power system restoration - Google Patents
Auxiliary decision-making method for on-line power system restoration Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an auxiliary decision-making method for on-line power system restoration. The auxiliary decision-making method comprises the following steps: reading electric grid initial data; setting imitation environment; choosing a black-start power source; generating a black-start restoration route; restoring an electric grid based on an optimum restoration route; and managing computing results. The system and the method fully utilize real-time data such as remote signaling, remote measuring and electric grid topological information in a dispatching automation system and quickly generate the power system restoration route and a restoration scheme, and therefore when power system serious power cut accidents happen, the system and the method can assist dispatching operational workers to carry out system restoration operation, shorten time of power cut to the maximum and reduce loss caused by the power cut. In addition, the system and the method have an important in national economic stability and also reduce working intensity and working pressure of the dispatching workers to the maximum.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of power, be specifically related to a kind of online power system recovery aid decision-making method.
Background technology
In recent years, along with increasing new technology, new equipment drop into power system, while raising Operation of Electric Systems ability and efficiency, also for the safety and stablization of system bring huge challenge.The individual problem of partial electric grid, if deal with the scope that very easily widens one's influence improperly, even leads to large-area power failure.How after electrical network generation large-scale blackout, fast recovery of power supply, tool is of great significance.
Current, the usual way of domestic and international power system blackstart studies and defines out feasible black starting-up prediction scheme by experienced management and running expert in advance according to the concrete condition of system, or calculate feasible black starting-up prediction scheme by off-line system, help dispatcher's recovery system when system blackout to run.But the accident in recovery process and some uncontrollable factors also likely make the prior Part Procedures formulated no longer applicable, cause the interruption of black starting-up process, it is even failed to incur loss through delay.
The maximum feature of intelligent scheduling is exactly that scheduling back-up system has quite high intelligent level, and good adaptability and interactivity.The online power system recovery auxiliary decision technology possessing adaptive ability can at any time according to the system mode in recovery process, rapid adjustment is carried out to recovery policy, adapt to various unexpected change, farthest alleviate the working strength of dispatcher, improve the automatization level of electric power system dispatching.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of online power system recovery aid decision-making method, the method embodies the rapidity of power system recovery aid decision, accuracy and reliability, make full use of already present remote signalling in dispatch automated system, the real time datas such as remote measurement and power network topology information, quick generating power system restoration path and scheme, auxiliary dispatching operations staff system resumes operation can be carried out after power system large-scale blackout occurs, farthest shorten power off time, reduce the loss brought that has a power failure, to notional economic stability, there is important function, and at utmost alleviate working strength and the operating pressure of dispatcher.
The object of the invention is to adopt following technical proposals to realize:
A kind of online power system recovery aid decision-making method, described power system recovery aid decision comprises real-time mode and research mode; Described real-time mode refers to from fundamental information platform and obtains the real-time grid state after power system generation large-scale blackout; Described research mode refers to the power failure running status of artificial setting simulation on the basis of primary data reading;
Its improvements are, described method comprises the steps:
A, reading electrical network primary data;
B, simulated environment are arranged;
C, selection black starting-up power supply;
D, generation black starting-up restoration path;
E, whole electrical network is recovered based on optimized database restore path;
F, management of calculated results.
Wherein, in described steps A, primary data read module is adopted to read electrical network primary data; Described primary data comprises real time execution profile data, history run profile data and future path profile data.
Wherein, the real time execution profile data reflection real-time grid model running state of reading; Described real time execution profile data reads real-time grid model from state estimation, for the method for operation of analytic statistics current electric grid, or as the basic section that simulated environment is arranged.
Wherein, the history run profile data reflecting history electric network model running status of reading; Electrical network history run profile data is obtained, as analysis section from the historical data event of preserving.
Wherein, the future path profile data of reading reflects following electric network model running status; Read repair schedule data, the basis of current real-time data section arranges generate future path data section, for analyzing the power system operating mode that repair schedule causes according to repair schedule, load prediction data.
Wherein, in described step B, adopt simulated environment that module is set and simulated environment is arranged; Under described simulated environment arranges and is included in electrical network research mode; Refer on the basis of real-time, history or future path profile data, switching setting is carried out to destination object, obtains the state that full cut-off fault occurs in simulation actual electric network subregion, the initial operation of power networks state namely needed for black starting-up coordinates measurement.
Wherein, described simulated environment is arranged through man-machine interface, realizes in the mode of man-machine interaction; Described simulated environment arranges and comprises following manner:
A, set regional full cut-off mode: the different range paid close attention to according to different user, select overall region full cut-off by zone list or partial electric grid has a power failure;
B, main grid structure figure set-up mode: on electrical network main grid structure figure, electric network state is arranged;
C, element and switch list set-up mode: the state of electric equipment element and switch is arranged separately; The setting of electric equipment element selects the switching of element, lists electric equipment element in power system by type in table form; The setting of switch element arranges the folding condition of switch, lists the folding condition of all switch elements in power system in table form, and change the folding condition of switch element in the table.
Wherein, after simulated environment arranges initial path generation, electric network state is made to return to original state by ground state restore funcitons.
Wherein, in described step C, black starting-up power supply is adopted to select model choice black starting-up power supply; Described black starting-up refers to that power system is because of after fault stoppage in transit, do not rely on external electrical network, by having the startup of self-startup ability unit in power system, driving the unit of non self starting to expand the scope of power system recovery, realizing the process of the recovery of power system; Described black starting-up power supply refer to power system because of fault collapse stoppage in transit be in entirely " black " state time, do not rely on external electrical network, self there is the unit of self-startup ability; Described black starting-up power supply comprises Hydropower Unit, gas turbine, HVDC light system, generation of electricity by new energy, little unit Active Splitting are isolated island.
Wherein, in described step C, described selection black starting-up power supply comprises:
(1) black starting-up power evaluation is chosen;
(2) black starting-up power source planning.
Wherein, in described (1), realize black starting-up assessment according to evaluation index and choose; Described evaluation index comprises timeliness index, structural index, economic index and reliability index.
Wherein, described timeliness index comprises:
The black starting-up unit starting time, unit is s second;
The capacity of black starting-up unit, unit is megawatt MW;
Be activated power plant's total capacity of unit at first, unit is megawatt MW;
Black starting-up unit is to the path be activated at first between unit, and unit is km;
Black starting-up unit is to the primary equipment coefficient of performance be activated at first between unit, and unit is secondary.
Wherein, described structural index comprises:
Black starting-up unit is to the path be activated at first between unit, and unit is km;
Black starting-up unit is to the primary equipment coefficient of performance be activated at first between unit, and unit is secondary;
Load intensive degree around black starting-up unit, unit is individual.
Wherein, described economic index comprises black starting-up equipment overall life cycle cost, and unit is ten thousand yuan.
Wherein, described reliability index comprises: black starting-up unit successfully open to the primary equipment coefficient of performance be activated at first between unit, black starting-up power supply reliability, be activated power source bus side overvoltage multiple, black starting-up initial stage mini system frequency departure percentage and be activated power plant's busbar voltage and depart from percentage.
Wherein, if black starting-up power supply is power plant, power plant's technical characteristic and self-excitation characteristic are checked further; If black starting-up power supply is current conversion station, then do not carry out the check of self-excitation characteristic; If black starting-up power supply produces self-excitation, reselect black starting-up power supply.
Wherein, in described (2), black starting-up power source planning adopts Mathematical Modeling to represent, described Mathematical Modeling is as follows:
minf(X,Y,Z)
s.t.h
i(X,Y,Z)≤a
i
g
j(X,Y,Z)≥b
j
k
m(X,Y,Z)≤d
m
Z≥0,X≥0,Y≥0①；
Wherein: f (X, Y, Z) is object function, the total social cost using this black starting-up Power supply alteration is represented; X is unit correlated variables; Y is network correlated variables; Z is the environmental factor affecting cost; S.t. constraints is referred to; Wherein, h
i(X, Y, Z) represents first constraint: for the construction of power construction retrains; a
irepresent site area limit value; g
j(X, Y, Z) represents second constraint: be unit operation constraint, represents that the starting power of black starting-up power supply is not less than the power of the assembling unit of current time consumption; b
jrepresent the power of the assembling unit that current time consumes; k
mrepresent the 3rd constraint: be time-constrain, namely start from it and be successfully no more than limit value to being activated the successful maximum duration constraint that will experience of unit starting; d
mfor time limit value.
Wherein, in described step D, black starting-up restoration path automatically-generating module is adopted to generate black starting-up restoration path; Determine from black starting-up power supply to the selected optimized database restore path be activated power supply, recover the power supply to thermal power plant in power system, make it as the startup power supply of node (node refers to except black starting-up power supply and the power plant be activated except power supply, load and transformer station etc.).
Wherein, in described step D, described generation black starting-up restoration path comprises the steps:
I, determine to be activated power supply;
II, employing initial path searching algorithm, obtain from black starting-up power supply to the feasible electrical path being activated power supply;
III, filter out the electrical path verified by feasibility;
IV, determine, from black starting-up power supply to the path being activated power supply combination property optimum, to be optimized database restore path.
Wherein, in described step I, described in be activated power acquisition fired power generating unit.
Wherein, in described Step II, adopt rule-based initial path searching algorithm, obtain from black starting-up power supply to the feasible electrical path being activated power supply.
Wherein, described initial path searching algorithm follows following rule:
1) voltage transitions number of times restriction principle: control the voltage transitions number of times in black starting-up process;
2) path restriction principle: restriction black starting-up restoration path length;
3) plant stand restriction principle;
4) capacity limits principle: when being activated unit starting, required minimum load is less than and starts exerting oneself of unit, and recovers jumbo unit;
5) important load priority principle;
6) minimal time principle: select the unit being in hot stand-by duty;
7) loop principle is avoided: in the path being activated unit, there is not loop from starting unit.
Wherein, in described Step II I, the Interventions Requested of described feasibility verification comprise: the verification of generator self-excitation, low-frequency oscillation verification, power-frequency overvoltage verification, the verification of switching overvoltage School Affairs electric voltage frequency stability.
Wherein, in described step IV, all black starting-up restoration paths verified are assessed and sorted, select from black starting-up power supply to the path being activated power supply combination property optimum by feasibility; Evaluation index is selected voltage transitions number of times, path, start-up time, is activated unit capacity, technology verifies good and bad degree and is activated the priority level of power supply, and it is obtain suing for peace after generator self-excitation, power-frequency overvoltage multiple, switching overvoltage multiple, variation, frequency shift (FS) normalization that technology wherein verifies good and bad index.
Wherein, in described step e, power system recovery module is adopted to recover the electrical network based on optimized database restore path; Comprise the recovery of transformer station in power system and transmission line of electricity; In recovery process, preferential startup comprises the node of important load, and at Power System Restoration Process medium frequency voltage stabilization.
Wherein, in described step e, in described step e, recovery is carried out to the whole electrical network based on optimized database restore path and comprises the steps:
I, startup important load and large load; (important load and large load are all select according to actual condition)
Ii, whether judge to recover after described important load and large load close to load capacity; (if close to load capacity, then call knapsack optimized algorithm, determine the recovery order of other loads)
Iii, call knapsack optimized algorithm, select Optimal Load;
Iv, start described Optimal Load, judge whether power system frequency voltage is stablized; (Optimal Load refers to be calculated by knapsack algorithm, calculates and restores electricity whether meet power system voltage frequency stability to it)
V, judge whether the power system recovery based on this optimized database restore path completes;
Vi, judge whether whole power system optimized database restore path completes.
Wherein, in described step I, described important load and large load define according to actual condition.
Wherein, in described step I i, if close to load capacity after described recovery important load and greatly load, then carry out step I ii; Otherwise, return step I; Judge close to the condition of load capacity it is whether important load and large load reach 90% of unit capacity.
Wherein, in described step I v, if power system frequency voltage stabilization, then carry out the whole network black starting-up, otherwise carry out power system frequency and Control of Voltage, make it reach stable or select other loads to re-start judgement.
Wherein, in described step v, if the power system recovery in optimized database restore path completes, then return step I i; Otherwise carry out step vi.
Wherein, in described step vi, if whole power system optimized database restore path completes, then export power system restoration result, otherwise, reselect optimized database restore path.
Wherein, in described step F, the data obtained after adopting management of computing module to calculate power system recovery aid decision manage and show; Comprise: recovery process Dynamic Display, power system recovery analysis report are derived, transient voltage waveform shows, section result is preserved, examination Information Statistics.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect that the present invention reaches is:
The online power system recovery aid decision-making method of one provided by the invention, after the power system generation large-scale blackout that fundamental information platform can be obtained, the power failure running status of real-time grid state or artificial setting simulation is used as electrical network initial operating state, automatically carry out black starting-up Power Selection, crucial restoration path generate, based on optimum critical path System recover order determine, and can inquire about in detail result of calculation, Dynamic Display, reporting printing.
The method is based on regional intelligent grid supporting system technology (D5000), make full use of the remote signalling of the administrative equipment in control centre, remote measurement and network topological information and combine with the Remote Control Interface of substation automation equipment, the generation of power system recovery scheme, inquiry can be carried out and show under real-time mode or research mode.Management and running personnel can be instructed after electrical network has an accident to carry out whole system recovery operation, or carry out power outage simulation daily, improve management and running personnel to the adaptibility to response of accident, alleviate psychological pressure and the working strength of dispatcher when accident occurs, improve the automatization level of electric power system dispatching.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is online power system recovery aid decision structural representation provided by the invention;
Fig. 2 is primary data read structure schematic diagram provided by the invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation that simulated environment provided by the invention is arranged;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of black starting-up Power Selection provided by the invention;
Fig. 5 is black starting-up unit evaluation index structure chart provided by the invention;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation that initial restoration path provided by the invention generates;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation that main grid structure provided by the invention recovers;
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of management of calculated results provided by the invention;
Fig. 9 is online power system recovery aid decision-making method flow chart provided by the invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
A kind of online power system recovery aid decision-making method, can according to the actual motion state of interconnected electric power system generation power outage or the artificial simulation power failure environment set, by choosing suitable black starting-up power supply, automatic generation black starting-up power supply is to the path being activated combination property optimum between power supply, and paths starts full electric network thus, and then realize the recovery of whole power system.
Below term is described:
1) black starting-up: whole system is because of after fault stoppage in transit, do not rely on the help of other networks, by having the startup of self-startup ability unit in system, driving the unit of non self starting to expand the scope of System recover gradually, finally realizing the process of the recovery of whole system.
2) black starting-up power supply: refer to whole system because of fault collapse stoppage in transit be in entirely " black " state time, do not rely on external electrical network, self there is the unit of self-startup ability.Black starting-up power supply is chosen usually: Hydropower Unit, gas turbine, HVDC light system, generation of electricity by new energy, little unit Active Splitting are isolated island etc.
3) restoration path: the sequencing that each node (power plant, transformer station etc.) recovers.
4) feasibility verification: verify the initial path that automatic search generates, deletes the path not meeting verification.Mainly comprise: self-excitation verification, switching overvoltage verification, electric voltage frequency skew etc.
5) evaluation index: comprehensive performance evaluation and sequence are carried out to all feasible paths, to pick out optimum, and the feasible path of suboptimum.Usually choose voltage transitions number of times, path, start-up time, be activated unit capacity, technology verifies good and bad degree and 6 indexs such as the priority level being activated power supply, it is sue for peace after normalization to every technology check results to obtain that technology wherein verifies good and bad index.
6) main grid structure recovers: according to the black starting-up power supply generated to the critical path be activated between power supply, the main force's generating set progressively in start up system, important transformer station and part transmission line of electricity carry out progressively recovery system main grid structure.This part saddlebag is containing two parts: one is set up target net, and two is establish concrete recovery order.
7) load restoration: when fired power generating unit is own through starting and having certain generating capacity, and after having set up comparatively stable rack, start the stage of recovering load gradually.Load restoration stage main target recovers load as much as possible as soon as possible, constraints mainly comprise voltage, circuit, transformer thermally-stabilised, and system frequency.
8) Network topology: according to connectivity and the power supply state of real-time device state analysis grid equipment, and form bus model to support senior application function and to show connection on a user interface.Network topology is the prerequisite of various application software, as dynamic coloring, and state estimation, Load flow calculation, voltage and reactive power optimization, accident analysis and dispatcher's simulation training etc.Power Network Topology Analysis important requirement is exactly real-time and rapidity, when the position of breaker, disconnecting link changes, can provide the topological analysis result of electrical network at once, and the topology coloring of electrical network changes at once.
Online power system recovery aid decision structural representation provided by the invention as shown in Figure 1, comprises electrical network initialization module: by data acquisition and supervisor control SCADA real time data or arranged by simulated environment, the electrical network initial operating state obtained; Black starting-up power supply selects module: carry out topological analysis to electrical network initial operating state, selects black starting-up power supply; ; Black starting-up restoration path automatically-generating module: determine from black starting-up power supply to the selected optimized database restore path be activated power supply, and recover the power supply to power plant of the main force in power system, make it as the startup power supply of node; Power system recovery module: based on optimized database restore path, recovers the carrying out of electrical network main frame and load; Management of calculated results module: the data obtained after calculating power system recovery aid decision manage and show.
Electrical network initialization module comprises: primary data read module: read electrical network real time execution profile data, history run profile data and future path profile data; Simulated environment arranges module: on the basis of real-time, history or future path profile data, switching setting is carried out to destination object, obtain the state that full cut-off fault occurs in simulation actual electric network subregion, i.e. the electrical network initial operating state of black starting-up restoration path generation.Destination object comprises power network line, bus, transformer, switch.
The invention provides a kind of online power system recovery aid decision-making method, the method comprises real-time mode and research mode, real-time mode obtains the real-time grid state after power system generation large-scale blackout from fundamental information platform, the power failure running status of research mode artificial setting simulation on the basis that primary data reads, forms the electrical network initial operating state under two kinds of patterns respectively.Its basic function mainly comprises: carry out topological analysis to initial operating state, utilizes many attributes evaluation decision method automatic evaluation to choose suitable black starting-up power supply; By all black starting-up power supplys of searching algorithm automatic search to the Rational Path be activated between power supply; Feasibility verify calculation is carried out to all paths, the feasible black starting-up path by every verification is assessed and sorted, obtain optimum restoration path; On the basis in optimized database restore path, set up the target net of main grid structure Restoration stage, and determine the path returning to optimal objective rack, to recover main grid structure and main loads as early as possible, expand the electrical network scale restored electricity.After all calculating completes, analysis report can be recovered by automatic printing generation system, and Dynamic Display can be carried out to system recovery procedure.
Online power system recovery aid decision-making method flow chart provided by the invention as shown in Figure 9, specifically comprises the steps:
A, reading electrical network primary data;
Primary data read module is adopted to read electrical network primary data.The digital independent of power system recovery aid decision mainly comprises reading real time execution profile data, reads history run profile data and read future path profile data, and its function is as follows respectively:
Real time execution profile data: read current electric grid model from state estimation, can be used for the special method of operation of analytic statistics current electric grid, also can be used as the basic section that simulation is arranged.
History run profile data: obtain electrical network history run profile data, as analysis section from the historical data event CASE preserved.
Future path profile data: read repair schedule data, the basis of current real-time data section arranges generate future path data section, for analyzing the special method of operation that repair schedule may cause according to repair schedule, load prediction data.This reading electrical network primary data structure schematic diagram as shown in Figure 2.
B, simulated environment are arranged;
Adopt simulated environment that module installation simulated environment is set.Simulated environment setting is an important subfunction of System recover aid decision under research mode, refer on the basis of real-time, history or future path profile data, switching setting is carried out to destination object (circuit, bus, transformer, switch), to obtain the state that full cut-off fault occurs in simulation actual electric network subregion, the initial operation of power networks state namely needed for black starting-up coordinates measurement.
Simulated environment arranges function mainly through man-machine interface, realizes in the mode of man-machine interaction, comprises following three kinds of modes:
A, set regional full cut-off mode: the different range paid close attention to according to different user, can by zone list fast selected overall region full cut-off or partial electric grid have a power failure, as arranged Central China Power Grid full cut-off, or Central China provincial power network has a power failure.
B, main grid structure figure set-up mode: can arrange electric network state on main grid structure figure.Mode of operation is as follows: open certain grade of electrical network main grid structure figure, left mouse button draws a circle to approve power failure range on geographical wiring diagram, all plant stands within the scope of delineation and switch appear in power failure range list, can carry out batch or independent setting to the switch folding condition in list.
C, element and switch list set-up mode: can arrange separately the state of electrical equipment and switch.The setting of electric equipment element selects the switching of element, lists electric equipment elements (circuit, transformer, bus) all in system in table form by type, can arrange the switching state of all elements; The setting of switch element arranges the folding condition of switch, lists the folding condition of all switch elements in system in table form, and can change the folding condition of all switch elements in the table.
Management and running personnel, after doing the generation of simulation initial path, make electric network state be returned to original state fast by ground state restore funcitons, and personnel easy to use are repeatedly sunykatuib analysis calculating on same initial section, obtains the result needed.The structural representation that simulated environment is arranged as shown in Figure 3.
C, selection black starting-up power supply;
Black starting-up power supply is adopted to select model choice black starting-up power supply.Carrying out topological analysis to arranging by data acquisition and supervisor control SCADA real time data or environmental simulation the electrical network initial operating state obtained, selecting rational black starting-up power supply.Choosing of black starting-up power supply comprises two aspect contents, and one is in the network comprising black starting-up power supply, select best startup unit, is attribute comprehensive evaluation problem more than; Two is plan rational black starting-up position of source in the network not having suitable black starting-up power supply, and namely transforming existing unit, is a planning problem., black starting-up power supply less for network size is selected less, and the area that user is comparatively familiar with for situation in system, user can manually set black starting-up power supply.The structural representation of black starting-up Power Selection as shown in Figure 4.
(1) black starting-up power evaluation On The Choice:
According to some basic principles of black starting-up Power Selection, conventional black starting-up evaluation index can be summed up, as shown in Figure 5.
Realize black starting-up assessment according to evaluation index to choose; Described evaluation index comprises timeliness index, structural index, economic index and reliability index.
(1) timeliness index comprises:
The black starting-up unit starting time, unit is s second;
The capacity of black starting-up unit, unit is megawatt MW;
Be activated power plant's total capacity of unit at first, unit is megawatt MW;
Black starting-up unit is to the path be activated at first between unit, and unit is km;
Black starting-up unit is to the primary equipment coefficient of performance be activated at first between unit, and unit is secondary.
(2) structural index comprises:
Black starting-up unit is to the path be activated at first between unit, and unit is km;
Black starting-up unit is to the primary equipment coefficient of performance be activated at first between unit, and unit is secondary;
Load intensive degree around black starting-up unit, unit is individual.
(3) economic index comprises black starting-up equipment overall life cycle cost, and unit is ten thousand yuan.
(4) reliability index comprises: black starting-up unit successfully open to the primary equipment coefficient of performance be activated at first between unit, black starting-up power supply reliability, be activated power source bus side overvoltage multiple, black starting-up initial stage mini system frequency departure percentage and be activated power plant's busbar voltage and depart from percentage.
At the black starting-up initial stage, power system is made up of startup power supply, step-up transformer and idle load long line, in system, capacity current is larger, easy generation black starting-up power supply self-excitation problem, terminal voltage and the capacitance current of generator constantly increase, cause generator overvoltage and overcurrent, the stator end of generator is seriously generated heat.Obtain multiple black starting-up power supply sequence after, if this power supply is power plant, also need to check further its technical characteristic-self-excitation characteristic, and if current conversion station, then without the need to carry out this check.When this condition does not meet, selected black starting-up power supply is satisfied does not produce self-excitation requirement, need select black starting-up power supply else.
(2) black starting-up power source planning problem:
In the network not having suitable black starting-up power supply, reasonably should plan the position of black starting-up power supply, existing unit is transformed, make it meet the characteristic possessed needed for black starting-up power supply.
Whatever machine set type, in order to possess black start-up ability, the auxiliary generating plant in power plant and corresponding basic generation unit, the technical performance index that all demand fulfillment is certain.Wherein, " the North America electric power safety committee " proposes more authoritative performance indications.According to these technical performance indexs, the operation characteristic of each unit in each power plant of target power system and starting characteristic are analyzed, to determine that those units in the power plant of that type are suitable as black starting-up power supply.Hydroelectric power plant's (comprising pumped-storage hydroelectric plant) and Gas Generator Set become the first-selected power plant of black starting-up Power supply alteration because of its good self-startup ability and regulating power.If internal system does not have suitable confession transformation black starting-up power supply, coupled back-to-back DC power transmission current conversion station also can as potential black starting-up power supply.
The Mathematical Modeling general type of black starting-up power source planning is:
minf(X,Y,Z)
s.t.h
i(X,Y,Z)≤a
i
g
j(X,Y,Z)≤b
j
k
m(X,Y,Z)≤d
m
Z≥0,X≥0,Y≥0①；
Wherein, f (X, Y, Z) is object function, represents the total social cost using this black starting-up Power supply alteration; X is unit correlated variables; Y is network correlated variables; Z is the environmental factor affecting cost; S.t. constraints is referred to; Wherein, h
i(X, Y, Z) represents first constraint: for the construction of power construction retrains; a
irepresent site area limit value; g
j(X, Y, Z) represents second constraint: be unit operation constraint, represents that the starting power of black starting-up power supply is not less than the power of the assembling unit of current time consumption; b
jrepresent the power of the assembling unit that current time consumes; k
mrepresent the 3rd constraint: be time-constrain, namely start from it and be successfully no more than limit value to being activated the successful maximum duration constraint that will experience of unit starting; d
mfor time limit value.
About intrafascicular, first constraint is the construction constraint of power construction, comprises place restriction etc.; Second is constrained to unit operation constraint; 3rd constraint confinement time, namely starts successfully to a certain maximum duration constraint being activated unit starting success and will experiencing from it.While these constraints of consideration, also should consider some special constraints of black starting-up, such as in same power plant, a unit black starting-up can only be had.
By being optimized this model, optimally can selecting and which unit is transformed, making total social benefit maximum.By the optimization of this problem, the angle from investment and total social benefit can be determined, select the most rational black starting-up Power supply alteration object from current power condition.
D, generation black starting-up restoration path;
Black starting-up restoration path automatically-generating module is adopted to generate black starting-up restoration path.Restoration path systematic function is a critical function of online power system recovery aid decision, its main purpose finds from black starting-up power supply to the selected optimal path be activated power supply, and recover power supply to power plant of the main force in system, make it can as the startup power supply of other important node.
Generate black starting-up restoration path to comprise the steps:
I, determine to be activated power supply, be activated power acquisition fired power generating unit capacious.
II, select suitable black starting-up power supply be activated power supply, by initial path searching algorithm, obtain all feasible electrical path from black starting-up power supply to target power.
Adopt rule-based path automatic search strategy, automatically obtain relatively reasonable, and comprise the searching algorithm in best candidate path as far as possible.This algorithm synthesis considers the indices of feasible path and empirical specification, and be corresponding rule by their specifications, be used to refer to the search of guiding path, obvious irrational path and search plan is given up in search procedure, while comprising optimal path as far as possible, significantly improve the speed of route searching.
The rule that this algorithm is followed is as follows:
1) voltage transitions number of times restriction principle
Control the voltage transitions number of times in black starting-up process, reduce sky and fill the possibility that circuit causes voltage out-of-limit, the steady enforcement of assured plan.
2) path restriction principle
Constrained Path length can reduce the capacitive load that circuit is formed, and then reduces the probability that Electrical Discharge Machine produces self-excitation.
3) plant stand restriction principle
Corresponding recovery operation can be increased through too many plant stand in black starting-up process, increase the risk of scheme, extend start-up time.
4) capacity limits principle
When being activated unit starting, required minimum load should be less than and starts exerting oneself of unit, and when meeting this condition, recovers jumbo unit as far as possible.
5) important load priority principle
Start those loads to national economy important as early as possible, start the unit of powering to important load in advance as far as possible.Important load confirms according to actual condition.
6) minimal time principle
Following a few part is mainly had start-up time of system to form: to carry out the time of line loop operation in start-up time of the unit of black starting-up power supply, start-up course, be activated the start-up time of unit.The unit as far as possible selecting the self-starting time short, as black starting-up power supply, needs manually-operated part also will lack as far as possible, selects those to be in the unit of hot stand-by duty when possible in startup scheme.
7) loop principle is avoided
In the path being activated unit, loop should not be there is from starting unit.
III, filter out the electrical path verified by feasibility;
The object of black starting-up path verification is screened the black starting-up path searched, and checks it whether to meet various security constraint, and giving up to fall cannot by the path of verification.Interventions Requested comprise: the verification of generator self-excitation, low-frequency oscillation verification, power-frequency overvoltage verification, the verification of switching overvoltage School Affairs electric voltage frequency stability.
IV, determine, from black starting-up power supply to the path being activated power supply combination property optimum, to be optimized database restore path.
All black starting-up paths by every verification are assessed and sorted, selects from black starting-up power supply to the path being activated power supply combination property optimum.Evaluation index is usually selected voltage transitions number of times, path, start-up time, is activated unit capacity, technology verifies good and bad degree and is activated the priority level of power supply, it is sue for peace after normalization to every technology check results to obtain that technology wherein verifies good and bad index, is namely obtain summation after generator self-excitation, power-frequency overvoltage multiple, switching overvoltage multiple, variation, frequency shift (FS) normalization.
Generate the structural representation in optimized database restore path as shown in Figure 6.
E, the electrical network main grid structure based on optimized database restore path to be recovered;
Power system recovery module is adopted to recover the electrical network main grid structure based on optimized database restore path.The emphasis that main grid structure recovers is the whole recovery of electrical network main grid structure based on optimized database restore path and the recovery of important load, comprises the recovery of important transformer station in system and transmission line of electricity.In recovery process, preferential startup comprises the node of important load, and will ensure that the voltage to frequency in system recovery procedure is stablized.
The main grid structure of power system recovers mainly to comprise two parts content: one is set up target net, and two is establish concrete recovery order.The foundation of target net has certain directive significance to System recover, it can provide a kind of prediction scheme to dispatcher, the end-state that the system of giving will tentatively be recovered, dispatcher can recover system according to target net, recovery order that in a practical situation may be concrete is different, but finally all will return to target net state.Usual target network comprises main power plant, important transformer station and backhaul in one's respective area.For maintaining unit operation, keeping system is stablized, and should bring certain load, due to the particularity of important load, should recovery important load as much as possible, and when only dropping into important load and can not ensureing system stability, other load of input that should be suitable.The foundation of target net is conducive to the recovery of follow-up load, because rack is at this moment basicly stable, weak unlike initial stages of restoration, and most unit starts all, total generated output of system is ensured, can continue like this to start other unit, transformer station and relevant circuit, power to contiguous high-tension line as early as possible, once high-tension line charged after, when the conditions such as Control of Voltage meet, the regional power supply of can not send a telegram in reply towards periphery fast, is conducive to the process accelerating System recover.Therefore, according to situations such as the balance of grid generation and load, working voltage and frequencies, the reconstruction model of main grid structure should be implemented as early as possible, be beneficial to recover main grid structure and main loads, expand electrical network scale.After major network is set up, according to the situation of load restoration, unit quantity can be promoted and exert oneself, promoting power transmission power, recovering power load, set up the normal operating mode of electrical network as early as possible.
For when recovering localized network (or whole) based on critical path, in order to make full use of valuable electric power resource, first should recover important load, taking into account controllability and the uncontrollability of load simultaneously, make totally to recover load maximum, recovery process needs the safe and stable operation of keeping system.
The structural representation that main grid structure recovers as shown in Figure 7.
Carry out recovery to the electrical network main grid structure based on optimized database restore path to comprise the steps:
I, startup important load and large load; (important load and large load are all select according to actual condition)
Ii, whether judge to recover after described important load and large load close to load capacity;
In described step I i, if close to load capacity after described recovery important load and greatly load, then carry out step I ii; Otherwise, return step I.
Iii, call knapsack optimized algorithm, select Optimal Load; (if close to load capacity, then call knapsack optimized algorithm, determine the recovery order of other loads)
Knapsack problem (Knapsackproblem) is a kind of np complete problem of Combinatorial Optimization.Problem can be described as: given one group of article, and often kind of article have oneself weight and price, in the gross weight limited, how to select, the total price of article just can be made the highest.0-1 knapsack problem is the most basic knapsack problem, applies comparatively extensive in power system recovery sequential optimization.
0-1 knapsack problem can be described below:
Suppose to there are n part article, the value that i-th article are corresponding is w
i, corresponding volume is b
j, the capacity of whole knapsack is V.Namely 0-1 knapsack problem determines how under the prerequisite being no more than knapsack volume, can load the object that total value is maximum.
The strict mathematical of 0-1 knapsack problem is described below:
Here x
irepresent and whether select i-th article to load knapsack.If do not load these article, then x
i=0, if select to load these article, then x
i=1.
0-1 knapsack problem is a classical combinatorial optimization problem, and its method for solving is mainly divided into exact method and approximation method.Exact method has branch and bound method, dynamic programming, classical back-track algorithm etc., and approximation method has greedy algorithm, ant group algorithm, genetic algorithm etc.In general, exact algorithm can not solve extensive 0-1 knapsack problem within a short period of time, and its practicality is restricted; And approximation method can only the approximate solution of Solve problems, obtains the solution that quality comparation is low sometimes.
Iv, start described Optimal Load, judge whether power system frequency voltage is stablized; (Optimal Load refers to be calculated by knapsack algorithm, calculates and restores electricity whether meet power system voltage frequency stability to it)
In described step I v, if power system frequency voltage stabilization, then carry out the whole network black starting-up, otherwise carry out power system frequency and Control of Voltage, make it reach stable or select other loads to re-start judgement.
V, judge whether the power system recovery based on this optimized database restore path completes;
In described step v, if the power system recovery in optimized database restore path completes, then return step I i; Otherwise carry out step vi.
Vi, judge whether whole power system optimized database restore path completes.
In described step vi, if whole power system optimized database restore path completes, then export power system restoration result, otherwise, reselect optimized database restore path.
F, management of calculated results.
The every data obtained after adopting management of computing module mainly to calculate System recover aid decision manage and show, its major function is:
(1) recovery process Dynamic Display function: according to the black starting-up path automatically generated, Dynamic Display is carried out to recovery process.
(2) System recover analysis report export function: routing information and every check results automatic archiving are arranged, derive with Word document form, forms rudimentary system recovery scheme analysis report.
(3) transient voltage waveform Presentation Function: the switching overvoltage transient-wave after each equipment investment in every paths is shown.
(4) section result hold function: the operation of power networks state of current time section, simulated environment, black starting-up path are preserved, for calling from now on.
(5) examine Information Statistics functions: to day of System recover path computing, the moon, year the information such as availability add up, can check by date.
The structural representation of management of computing as shown in Figure 8.
Present invention also offers the application design of black start assistant decision making method.
Application definition comprises: database, program and man-machine interface.
One) database:
Online power system recovery aid decision application comprises system database (various public equipment list), computation database (parameter list, result of calculation table etc.).The calculating database of online power system recovery aid decision is working data base, is the bridge of contact procedure, picture, input/output information, plays a part to deposit initial data, preserve computational process record and computing information, output result of calculation.
The database of power system recovery aid decision is based on intelligent grid supporting system technology support platform, and database mainly comprises following three parts:
1. network parameter: not necessarily comprise the whole parameters needed for System recover aid decision in common block list, only need add the domain of dependence in respective table.
---bus table (BS)
---generator table (UN)
---transformer table (XF)
---circuit table (LN)
---load meter (LD)
---switch tool table (CB)
2. scheme table:
---initial restoration path scheme table: store the initial scheme obtained through search.
---final restoration path scheme table: store through the scheme by calculation and check.
---main grid structure recovery scheme table: store and meet the stable main grid structure recovery scheme of electric voltage frequency, comprise important plant stand, circuit, load etc.
3. calculation and check table:
---power-frequency overvoltage table: after storing respective switch operation, the maximum power-frequency overvoltage value on path.
---power-frequency overvoltage table: switching overvoltage table: after storing respective switch operation, the maximum switching overvoltage curve on path.
4. evaluation form:
---black starting-up power evaluation parameter list: store in black starting-up Power Selection process for assessment of the parameter calculated.
---black starting-up power evaluation result table: the relative effectiveness order storing black starting-up Power Selection.
---initial restoration path evaluate parameter table: each scheme passed through according to calculation and check, extracts it accordingly for assessment of the parameter calculated.
---initial restoration path assessment result table: the relative effectiveness order storing feasible program.
Two) man-machine interface
Draw aid decision of rationing the power supply to calculate the exploitation of picture based on regional intelligent grid supporting system technology support platform, realize with Java language, comprise three parts:
1. control interface:
---key frame
---system line chart
---main grid structure figure
2. input data display:
---power failure range setting screen
---black starting-up Power Selection picture
---calculating parameter setting screen
3. export data:
---transient voltage waveform shows picture
---system recovery procedure Dynamic Display picture
---System recover result queries picture
Online power system recovery aid decision-making method provided by the invention, online power system recovery aid decision comprises real-time mode and research mode, real-time mode obtains the real-time grid state after power system generation large-scale blackout from fundamental information platform, the power failure running status of research mode artificial setting simulation on the basis that primary data reads, forms the electrical network initial operating state under two kinds of patterns respectively.Its basic function mainly comprises: carry out topological analysis to initial operating state, utilizes many attributes evaluation decision method automatic evaluation to choose suitable black starting-up power supply; By all black starting-up power supplys of searching algorithm automatic search to the Rational Path be activated between power supply; Feasibility verify calculation is carried out to all paths, the feasible black starting-up path by every verification is assessed and sorted, obtain optimum restoration path; On the basis in optimized database restore path, set up the target net of main grid structure Restoration stage, and determine the path returning to optimal objective rack, to recover main grid structure and main loads as early as possible, expand the electrical network scale restored electricity.After all calculating completes, analysis report can be recovered by automatic printing generation system, and Dynamic Display can be carried out to system recovery procedure.
Apply method of the present invention and develop online power system recovery auxiliary decision-making support system, the demand of intelligent scheduling can be met to the full extent.
Finally should be noted that: above embodiment is only in order to illustrate that technical scheme of the present invention is not intended to limit, although with reference to above-described embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the field are to be understood that: still can modify to the specific embodiment of the present invention or equivalent replacement, and not departing from any amendment of spirit and scope of the invention or equivalent replacement, it all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.
Claims (17)
1. an online power system recovery aid decision-making method, described power system recovery aid decision comprises real-time mode and research mode; Described real-time mode refers to from fundamental information platform and obtains the real-time grid state after power system generation large-scale blackout; Described research mode refers to the power failure running status of artificial setting simulation on the basis of primary data reading;
It is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:
A, reading electrical network primary data;
B, simulated environment are arranged;
C, selection black starting-up power supply;
D, generation black starting-up restoration path;
E, whole electrical network is recovered based on optimized database restore path;
F, management of calculated results;
In described steps A, primary data read module is adopted to read electrical network primary data; Described primary data comprises real time execution profile data, history run profile data and future path profile data;
In described step B, adopt simulated environment that module is set and simulated environment is arranged; Under described simulated environment arranges and is included in electrical network research mode; Refer on the basis of real-time, history or future path profile data, switching setting is carried out to destination object, obtains the state that full cut-off fault occurs in simulation actual electric network subregion, the initial operation of power networks state namely needed for black starting-up coordinates measurement;
In described step C, black starting-up power supply is adopted to select model choice black starting-up power supply; Described black starting-up refers to that power system is because of after fault stoppage in transit, do not rely on external electrical network, by having the startup of self-startup ability unit in power system, driving the unit of non self starting to expand the scope of power system recovery, realizing the process of the recovery of power system; Described black starting-up power supply refer to power system because of fault collapse stoppage in transit be in entirely " black " state time, do not rely on external electrical network, self there is the unit of self-startup ability; Described black starting-up power supply comprises Hydropower Unit, gas turbine, HVDC light system, generation of electricity by new energy, little unit Active Splitting are isolated island;
In described step C, described selection black starting-up power supply comprises:
(1) black starting-up power evaluation is chosen;
(2) black starting-up power source planning;
In described step D, black starting-up restoration path automatically-generating module is adopted to generate black starting-up restoration path; Determine, from black starting-up power supply to the selected optimized database restore path be activated power supply, to recover the power supply to thermal power plant in power system, make it as the startup power supply of node;
In described step D, described generation black starting-up restoration path comprises the steps:
I, determine to be activated power supply;
II, employing initial path searching algorithm, obtain from black starting-up power supply to the feasible electrical path being activated power supply;
III, filter out the electrical path verified by feasibility;
IV, determine, from black starting-up power supply to the path being activated power supply combination property optimum, to be optimized database restore path;
In described step e, power system recovery module is adopted to recover the electrical network based on optimized database restore path; Comprise the recovery of transformer station in power system and transmission line of electricity; In recovery process, preferential startup comprises the node of important load, and at Power System Restoration Process medium frequency voltage stabilization;
In described step e, recovery is carried out to the whole electrical network based on optimized database restore path and comprises the steps:
I, startup important load and large load;
Ii, whether judge to recover after described important load and large load close to load capacity;
Iii, call knapsack optimized algorithm, select Optimal Load;
Iv, start described Optimal Load, judge whether power system frequency voltage is stablized;
V, judge whether the power system recovery based on this optimized database restore path completes;
Vi, judge whether whole power system optimized database restore path completes;
In described step F, the data obtained after adopting management of computing module to calculate power system recovery aid decision manage and show; Comprise: recovery process Dynamic Display, power system recovery analysis report are derived, transient voltage waveform shows, section result is preserved, examination Information Statistics;
The real time execution profile data reflection real-time grid model running state read; Described real time execution profile data reads real-time grid model from state estimation, for the method for operation of analytic statistics current electric grid, or as the basic section that simulated environment is arranged;
The history run profile data reflecting history electric network model running status read; Electrical network history run profile data is obtained, as analysis section from the historical data event of preserving;
The future path profile data read reflects following electric network model running status; Read repair schedule data, the basis of current real-time data section arranges generate future path data section, for analyzing the power system operating mode that repair schedule causes according to repair schedule, load prediction data;
Described simulated environment is arranged through man-machine interface, realizes in the mode of man-machine interaction; Described simulated environment arranges and comprises following manner:
A, set regional full cut-off mode: the different range paid close attention to according to different user, select overall region full cut-off by zone list or partial electric grid has a power failure;
B, main grid structure figure set-up mode: on electrical network main grid structure figure, electric network state is arranged;
C, element and switch list set-up mode: the state of electric equipment element and switch is arranged separately; The setting of electric equipment element selects the switching of element, lists electric equipment element in power system by type in table form; The setting of switch element arranges the folding condition of switch, lists the folding condition of all switch elements in power system in table form, and change the folding condition of switch element in the table;
If black starting-up power supply is power plant, power plant's technical characteristic and self-excitation characteristic are checked further; If black starting-up power supply is current conversion station, then do not carry out the check of self-excitation characteristic; If black starting-up power supply produces self-excitation, reselect black starting-up power supply;
In described (2), black starting-up power source planning adopts Mathematical Modeling to represent, described Mathematical Modeling is as follows:
min f(X,Y,Z)
s.t. h
i(X,Y,Z)≤a
i
g
j(X,Y,Z)≥b
j
k
m(X,Y,Z)≤d
m
Z≥0,X≥0,Y≥0 ①；
Wherein: f (X, Y, Z) is object function, the total social cost using this black starting-up Power supply alteration is represented; X is unit correlated variables; Y is network correlated variables; Z is the environmental factor affecting cost; S.t. constraints is referred to; Wherein, h
i(X, Y, Z) represents first constraint: for the construction of power construction retrains; a
irepresent site area limit value; g
j(X, Y, Z) represents second constraint: be unit operation constraint, represents that the starting power of black starting-up power supply is not less than the power of the assembling unit of current time consumption; b
jrepresent the power of the assembling unit that current time consumes; k
mrepresent the 3rd constraint: be time-constrain, namely start from it and be successfully no more than limit value to being activated the successful maximum duration constraint that will experience of unit starting; d
mfor time limit value.
2. online power system recovery aid decision-making method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, after simulated environment arranges initial path generation, makes electric network state return to original state by ground state restore funcitons.
3. online power system recovery aid decision-making method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in described (1), realizes black starting-up assessment choose according to evaluation index; Described evaluation index comprises timeliness index, structural index, economic index and reliability index.
4. online power system recovery aid decision-making method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described timeliness index comprises:
The black starting-up unit starting time, unit is s second;
The capacity of black starting-up unit, unit is megawatt MW;
Be activated power plant's total capacity of unit at first, unit is megawatt MW;
Black starting-up unit is to the path be activated at first between unit, and unit is km;
Black starting-up unit is to the primary equipment coefficient of performance be activated at first between unit, and unit is secondary.
5. online power system recovery aid decision-making method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described structural index comprises:
Black starting-up unit is to the path be activated at first between unit, and unit is km;
Black starting-up unit is to the primary equipment coefficient of performance be activated at first between unit, and unit is secondary;
Load intensive degree around black starting-up unit, unit is individual.
6. online power system recovery aid decision-making method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described economic index comprises black starting-up equipment overall life cycle cost, and unit is ten thousand yuan.
7. online power system recovery aid decision-making method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described reliability index comprises: black starting-up unit successfully open to the primary equipment coefficient of performance be activated at first between unit, black starting-up power supply reliability, be activated power source bus side overvoltage multiple, black starting-up initial stage mini system frequency departure percentage and be activated power plant's busbar voltage and depart from percentage.
8. power system recovery aid decision-making method as claimed in claim 1 online, is characterized in that, in described step I, described in be activated power acquisition fired power generating unit.
9. online power system recovery aid decision-making method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in described Step II, adopt rule-based initial path searching algorithm, obtain from black starting-up power supply to the feasible electrical path being activated power supply.
10. online power system recovery aid decision-making method as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that, described initial path searching algorithm follows following rule:
1) voltage transitions number of times restriction principle: control the voltage transitions number of times in black starting-up process;
2) path restriction principle: restriction black starting-up restoration path length;
3) plant stand restriction principle;
4) capacity limits principle: when being activated unit starting, required minimum load is less than and starts exerting oneself of unit, and recovers jumbo unit;
5) important load priority principle;
6) minimal time principle: select the unit being in hot stand-by duty;
7) loop principle is avoided: in the path being activated unit, there is not loop from starting unit.
11. online power system recovery aid decision-making methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described Step II I, the Interventions Requested of described feasibility verification comprise: the verification of generator self-excitation, low-frequency oscillation verification, power-frequency overvoltage verification, the verification of switching overvoltage School Affairs electric voltage frequency stability.
12. online power system recovery aid decision-making methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step IV, all black starting-up restoration paths verified are assessed and sorted, select from black starting-up power supply to the path being activated power supply combination property optimum by feasibility; Evaluation index is selected voltage transitions number of times, path, start-up time, is activated unit capacity, technology verifies good and bad degree and is activated the priority level of power supply, and it is obtain suing for peace after generator self-excitation, power-frequency overvoltage multiple, switching overvoltage multiple, variation, frequency shift (FS) normalization that technology wherein verifies good and bad index.
13. online power system recovery aid decision-making methods as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step I, described important load and large load define according to actual condition.
14. online power system recovery aid decision-making methods as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step I i, if close to load capacity after described recovery important load and greatly load, then carry out step I ii; Otherwise, return step I; Judge close to the condition of load capacity it is whether important load and large load reach 90% of unit capacity.
15. online power system recovery aid decision-making methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step I v, if power system frequency voltage stabilization, then carry out the whole network black starting-up, otherwise carry out power system frequency and Control of Voltage, make it reach stable or select other loads to re-start judgement.
16. online power system recovery aid decision-making methods as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step v, if the power system recovery in optimized database restore path completes, then return step I i; Otherwise carry out step vi.
17. online power system recovery aid decision-making methods as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step vi, if whole power system optimized database restore path completes, then export power system restoration result, otherwise, reselect optimized database restore path.
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| CN102035256B (en) * | 2010-11-26 | 2013-07-24 | 山东电力研究院 | Auxiliary decision method for recovering group multiattitude of power system |
| CN102236841B (en) * | 2011-06-28 | 2015-04-29 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Method for handling accidents of electric power system |
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